institutional changes
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

827
(FIVE YEARS 275)

H-INDEX

31
(FIVE YEARS 3)

2022 ◽  
pp. 47-71
Author(s):  
D. A. Veselov ◽  
A. M. Yarkin

This paper reviews theoretical and empirical literature on long-run economic development, institutional dynamics, and their interplay. Special attention is given to papers that explore the reasons why pro-growth reforms and institutional changes may be blocked. Among these reasons, over the past years the literature has increasingly focused on inequality in the distribution of wealth and political power as a key factor. This review is structured around two major theoretical approaches that illuminate the reasons behind the transition from stagnation to growth and cross-country income divergence: the unified growth theory (UGT), and the theory of endogenous institutional change. Using the empirical evidence on divergence between European and Middle Eastern economies, as well as the divergence within Europe, the paper demonstrates the value of these approaches in explaining the observed patterns of cross-country long-run development. The paper concludes with outlining several promising directions for future research.


Author(s):  
Hanne Foss Hansen

AbstractIn academia peer review is an essential and multifarious form of evaluation in relation to both research and educational activities. Further, peer review practices are continuously developing alongside institutional changes and reforms. This chapter sheds light on how peer review as an evaluation concept has developed over time and discusses which roles peer review play today. A typology distinguishing between classical peer review, informed and standards-based peer review, modified peer review and extended peer review is developed. A finding is that peer review today is found with all these faces. Further, peer review practices play many roles, including decision-making, rewarding, naming and shaming, learning and improvement as well as legitimating activities and leadership.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-737
Author(s):  
Elena V. Chankova ◽  
Oleg V. Sorokin

The relevance of this article is determined by the growing ubiquitous digitalization of mediatized communications, including under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021. The consequence of this process is the transformation of the structure of social space and approval of virtual interaction as a basic method of communication - instead of interpersonal. These transformations entail institutional changes, manifested in axiological and normative transitions of communicative space, semantic restructuring of communications under the influence of changing social reality. Induced by the technological infrastructure of communication, a mediatized social reality emerges, which also entails semantic changes in communication. All these circumstances actualize the phenomenon of communicative competence of an individual, which determines the effectiveness of interactions in the context of technological, semantic and institutional changes. The article presents some outcomes of empirical verification of communicative competence in contemporary Russian interaction practices. The phenomenon of hybridization of communicative competence during the transition of a person from the environment of real communications to the environment of virtual communications, contributes to the construction of mediatized social reality and expands his social reality. This ability of an individual and his communicative competence for transgression, combined with hybridity, is a factor in the integration of the communicative space of society with its contradictory characteristics.


Author(s):  
Gabriel Gomez ◽  
Sven Leunig

AbstractAfter its landslide victories of 2010, 2014 and 2018, Fidesz has introduced numerous institutional changes in the Hungarian political system. The academic research has emphasized the illiberal and antidemocratic character of these reforms, and the populist ideology of the party has been widely considered as the underlying force behind them. This study analyzes the most important reform that Fidesz has undertaken: the new Fundamental Law, enacted in 2012. We examine whether this change can be regarded as a violation of liberal democratic principles, and, if that is the case, whether it can be linked to the populist character of Fidesz. We found that some of the most criticized dispositions of the newly enacted constitution cannot be regarded as violations of liberal democratic principles, whereas other changes clearly constitute attacks to the foundations of Hungarian democracy, mainly affecting the separation of powers and the civil rights of minorities, These findings are largely consistent with the effects of populist governments on democracy as documented in the literature.


Author(s):  
Chenli Yin ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Maria Paz Salmador

AbstractThe existing corporate governance literature has mostly focused on micro-level studies of executive compensation, with limited attention paid to influential macro-level factors such as institutions and institutional changes and their impacts on corporate governance and performance. The implementation of the new compensation policy that restricts CEO compensation ceiling in state-owned firms in China offers an ideal context for us to study how institutional changes and firms’ adoption of these changes can influence CEO turnover and firm performance. Our empirical analyses reveal that the positive impact of new compensation policy adoption on CEO turnover is stronger for CEOs with originally higher compensation. The impact of new compensation policy adoption on firm performance, however, is negative, and the negative impact is contingent upon a firm’s market share and tech intensity. Our research contributes to the literature on corporate governance by theorizing and empirically demonstrating the critical role that institutions play in corporate governance.


2021 ◽  
pp. 175-200
Author(s):  
Julia Nast

AbstractLocal settings have not been central to the debate on educational inequality. If researchers have taken neighborhoods into account, they have focused on (social) compositions, peer group effects, or school access. Yet I draw on interviews and observations at two Berlin schools to suggest that neighborhoods are also important as they shape the organizational practices of teachers and other educational professionals. Combining a Bourdieusian perspective and new institutional theory, I show how local settings become important as social, symbolic, and administrative units. As such, neighborhoods structure the interplay of institutional pressures and objective power relations both within and between schools. This perspective not only allows for a better understanding of the processes producing educational inequality; it also highlights that institutional changes might play out differently in different contexts, with consequences for neighborhood inequality in the field of education and beyond.


2021 ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Bino Paul

Bino Paul’s essay examines international data on participation and success in volleyball and draws some interesting, early linkages between sports performance and institutional changes outside sports to answer the question, how do participative sports such as volleyball under global conditions assume success or failure? Positing one’s own local lived experience as a starting point, helps to delve into an understanding these developments, of the political economy of fading sponsorships, commercial ventures, and professional competitions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-540
Author(s):  
Cairo Gabriel Borges Junqueira

Abstract Mercosur has gone through distinct phases, leading to the articulation between a myriad of sectors, groups, and actors, among which subnational governments stand out. Local governments started this movement in 1995, with the foundation of the Mercosur Cities Network. In 2000, the Specialized Meeting of Municipalities and Intendencies (REMI) was created, replaced in the following years by the Mercosur Advisory Forum of Municipalities, States, Provinces, and Departments (FCCR), known for being the channel for subnational representation in the bloc. Drawing on bibliographic and document analysis, in addition to interviews and questionnaires, this article aims to analyze the internationalization and inclusion of subnational actors in Mercosur, mainly focusing on the changes observed over the years within these three institutions. The first section introduces the literature on paradiplomacy and deals specifically with Mercosur, seeking to verify how the regional agenda has been expanded, despite decision-making processes not being decentralized. The second and third sections analyse the origins of subnational integration through Mercocities alongside the development of REMI and FCCR. Considering the historical and institutional specificities of Mercosur, the research concludes by questioning the assumption of International Relations literature that regional blocs are potential arenas for effective internationalization of subnational governments.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document