MANAGEMENT OF WOLF POPULATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH PRIARALIE

The article discusses the basic principles of wolf management in the conditions of the Southern Priraralie. The management of wolf populations has its own characteristics. It is very important to know the spatial territorial structure of family-flocking areas. In addition, to have information about the number of indigenous areas occupied by him, the average fertility, mortality and the age structure of his populations. KEYWORDS: regulation, management, poaching, fertility, radio tracking, convention.

ACTIVITY OF COURTS IN THE KHANTY-MANSIYSK AUTONOMOUS OKRUG TO STRENGTHEN THE LABOR DISCIPLINE OF THE SOVIET SOCIETY IN THE EARLY 1940s

The article reflects the peculiarities of implementing the penal and labor policy by the Soviet party and state bodies, including judicial ones in the Ostyako-Vogulsky, later Khanty-Mansiysk National Okrug, their interrelation in the early 1940s. The stages of evolving and forming the administrative-territorial structure in the region are also touched upon. The relevance of the stated topic is noted. In the conditions of the Second World War and on the eve of the Great Patriotic War in the USSR, there were noticeable changes in the social policy of the state, which were conditioned by the needs of the country’s defense. It is known that in the 1930s tensions in international relations increased, there was a threat of an attack on the USSR. Due to this in 1940s the transition to an 8-hour working day and a 7-day working week was carried out in all regions of the country. In the same year, a law was adopted on the judicial responsibility up to imprisonment for unauthorized leave, absenteeism and tardiness as a result of which criminal penalties and the role of punitive, including judicial, bodies were strengthened in the country. The article notes that in the harsh northern conditions, taking into account the vast territory of the district, a significant distance separating settlements from each other, the lack of proper transport links between settlements, it was impossible to properly and promptly ensure proper consideration of criminal cases, which did not allow the territorial judicial authorities of the Ostyak-Vogul (Khanty-Mansiysk) National Okrug to make correct and balanced decisions in a timely manner. However, the judicial authorities of the district played an important role in strengthening labor discipline in the region in the early 1940s.

Foreign experience of decentralization of power and prospects for Ukraine

The author of the article has outlined the problem of finding the most optimal model of the state for of government, because the necessary condition for stable development of society and effective functioning of the state is to ensure the balance between national interests and the interests of the population of regions and territorial communities. The preconditions, political history and periods of the formation of decentralized power in most European medieval states, scientific positions of national and foreign legal scholars on the expediency of implementing decentralization have been analyzed. It has been found out that the vast majority of Western European countries abdicate the unitary state model by introducing decentralization. The leading idea of reforming is to move the center of solving local issues to the local and, in particular regional level that is achieved by optimizing relations between different levels of territorial organization of power. National traditions, formation and functioning of public agencie in the past, specific features of administrative and territorial structure of the state, existence of autonomous territories, multiethnic population have a significant influence on the formation of the constitutional system on the basis of decentralization in the EU countries. The positive experience Poland, France, Italy, Latvia, Germany and Denmark has been studied. The author has theoretically substantiated that the principle of decentralization has been successfully implemented in the practice of the European Union countries. It has been indicated that the prerequisite for the successful implementation of decentralization processes to create an effective model of governance within the system of decentralized government of Ukraine is: the establishment of the rule of law principle; recognition and guarantees of local self-government; equal legal protection of all forms of ownership; democratic and effective electoral legislation; independence, efficiency, accessibility and transparency of the judicial system, functioning of administrative justice institutions; perfect budget process and high financial discipline; availability of adequate social standards; developed public sector and stable tendency towards its development.

Arctic territory as the national patrimony of Russia in the modern world

Objective: to present the development features of the most important geostrategic territory of Russia on the basis of historical understanding, taking into account the ongoing climatic changes and analyzing the initial stage of active entry into the Arctic. Methods: the cognitive and partly debatable nature of the research determined the use of such methods of cognition as historical, which allows us to consider various types of activities over a certain period and draw conclusions about the beginning of the active phase of research and development of the Arctic over the last century; empirical, and logical methods, including analysis, comparison, and data summarization.Results: the tasks of improving the territorial structure of the economy, as well as the ongoing transformation of the national space of the country in order to develop remote regions require practical and scientific understanding in order to maximize their effectiveness. The article analyzes the key regulations in the field of Arctic development, as well as scientific research on this issue. On their basis, the genesis of the most important stages of the modern development of the Arctic is presented, which contributes to strengthening the priority status of this geostrategic macro-region of Russia. It is determined that the economic development of the Arctic should be combined with a strong protection of national interests, as well as with a state support system.Scientific novelty: consists in the formation of a chronology of the main directions of the state’s practical activities over the past decade, which contributed to implementing the main goal of modern transformations in the Arctic, which is to protect national interests, national priorities and involve the remote, hard-to-reach and sparsely populated territories into economic turnover.Practical significance: the study results can be used to develop a strategy for the development of the Arctic regions, and can serve as the basis for further scientific research.

Status autonomiczny oraz ustrój samorządu Wysp Alandzkich

The autonomous status of the Åland Islands and the system of its self-government against Finland’s territorial and administrative structure constitute a fascinating research area in the field of constitutional law and political systems. Such research makes it possible to determine which principles of the system of the division into territorial units possessing autonomous status within the territorial structure of the state and its self-government should be introduced at the legal, constitutional and statutory level in order to ensure the population inhabiting it with a sufficient level of separateness and independence, protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, and at the same time guarantee the territorial integrity of the state. The study also makes it possible to determine which legal mechanisms and instruments of the organization and functioning of autonomous regions, distinguished by some specific feature, need to be applied in order for the system of such a unit to be effective in the performance of public tasks of their own and those commissioned by state authorities by self-government bodies of this region and to enable the self-government of the region serving its citizens at its best. In the case of Finland, it is of great importance for the protection of fundamental human and civil rights and freedoms, especially for ethnically and culturally separate social groups. The aim of this study is the legal analysis of the autonomous status and the local government system of the Åland Islands, applied and currently functioning in Finland, and its subject is an exegesis of the norms concerning the subject matter under the study, contained in the Fundamental Law of 1999 being in force in Finland and the relevant statutory regulations, as well as practices of the functioning of this region within the state from the perspective of its division into other basic units and the system of local government.

DIRECTIONS OF PERSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIONAL TOURIST COMPLEX OF KHMELNYTSKY REGION

The directions of perspective development of the territorial organization of the regional tourist complex of Khmelnytsky region are analyzed. As part of the regional tourist complex of Khmelnytsky region, we have identified point elements of the territorial structure: 2 bifunctional tourist nodes; 10 bifunctional tourist centers; 1 monofunctional tourist center; 17 bifunctional tourist points; 18 monofunctional tourist points. Four clusters are distinguished. The most complex territorial formations in the regional tourist complex of Khmelnytsky region are Khmelnytsky and Kamyanets-Podilsky bifunctional dispersed bushes. The main branch directions of perspective development of tourist activity of Khmelnytsky region are considered. As part of the improvement of the territorial organization of the regional tourist complex, it is necessary to pay attention first of all to the intensification of activities to complete the formation of existing tourist dispersed bushes. It is necessary to promote the establishment of Kamyanets-Podilsky as a tourist «superpoint» of the national level. It is advisable to form on the basis of this city a complex dispersed tourist bush, which should take a leading position in the development of tourism in the Khmelnytsky region. In order to reduce the polarization of the tourist regional complex, to promote the completion of the formation of tourist scattered bushes in other areas of the region. Of particular importance is its development on the basis of the regional center, which has the most favorable transport and geographical position in the region. It is expedient to build a primary network of tourist points and centers in the most promising 13 rural settlements, as well as to create two tourist clusters (Medzhibizh and Sataniv). Of particular importance is the development of a network of agricultural settlements, which will attract existing from the monuments of nature, history and culture. Thus, on the one hand, it is necessary to promote the establishment of Kamyanets-Podilsky as a tourist "superpoint" of the national level. It is advisable to form on the basis of this city a complex dispersed tourist bush, which should take a leading position in the development of tourism in the Khmelnytsky region. On the other hand, in order to reduce the polarization of the tourist regional complex, it is advisable to help complete the formation of tourist scattered bushes in other areas of the region. Of particular importance in this context is its development on the basis of the regional center, which has the most favorable transport and geographical position in the region. Also expedient, in our opinion, is the development of the primary network of tourist points and centers in the most promising 13 rural settlements, as well as the creation of two tourist clusters on the basis of the villages of Medzhibizh and Sataniv. Of particular importance in this context is the development of a network of agro-villages, which will involve in tourism activities of national importance monuments of nature, history, culture, as well as partially relevant monuments of local importance in the Khmelnytsky region. Key words: development, territorial organization, regional tourist complex, Khmelnytsky region.

THEORIES OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AS A METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF RUSSIA'S REGIONAL POLICY

Актуальность исследования для экономики усиливается такими явлениями, как влияние мирового финансового кризиса, усложнение отраслевой и территориальной структуры производства, усиление интеграции всех сфер общественной жизни, возрастание значения экологических, социальных и политических факторов развития общества, повышение трансакционных издержек принятия решений в сфере управления. Изучение литературы о территориях дает основание определить понятие региональной системы России как элемент, подсистему некоторой иерархической системы, в роли которой выступает национальная экономика. Процессы глобализации коренным образом изменяют роль регионов в национальной экономике. Регион постепенно становится не только отдельным экономическим агентом, но также вступает в мировые конкурентные процессы. Положение территориально-организованных систем оказывается зависимым не только от макроэкономических условий или возможностей самих регионов, но также от расстановки конкурентных сил, механизмов взаимодействия регионов с другими субъектами. В этой связи возникает необходимость системных исследований с целью выработки комплекса мер, которые будут способствовать повышению конкурентоспособности экономики в целом, ее регионов в частности. Существующий инструментарий региональной экономики является уже недостаточным для анализа такого рода проблем, а традиционный конкурентный анализ не рассматривает регионы в качестве субъектов конкуренции. Требуется расширение и применение новых теоретических подходов к анализу региональных экономических систем и эффективности их развития, формированию целостной концепции развития территориальной организации хозяйства, что обусловило актуальность данного исследования. The relevance of the study for the economy is enhanced by such phenomena as the impact of the global financial crisis, the complication of the sectoral and territorial structure of production, the strengthening of integration of all spheres of public life, the increasing importance of environmental, social and political factors in the development of society, the increase in transaction costs of decision-making in the field of management. The study of the literature on territories gives grounds to define the concept of the regional system of Russia as an element, a subsystem of some hierarchical system, in the role of which the national economy acts. The processes of globalization are fundamentally changing the role of regions in the national economy. The region is gradually becoming not only a separate economic agent, but also enters into global competitive processes. The position of geographically organized systems turns out to depend not only on the macroeconomic conditions or the capabilities of the regions themselves, but also on the alignment of competitive forces, the mechanisms of interaction of regions with other entities. In this regard, there is a need for systematic research in order to develop a set of measures that will contribute to improving the competitiveness of the economy as a whole, its regions in particular. The existing tools of the regional economy are no longer sufficient to analyze such problems, and traditional competitive analysis does not consider regions as subjects of competition. It requires the expansion and application of new theoretical approaches to the analysis of regional economic systems and the effectiveness of their development, the formation of an integral concept of the development of the territorial organization of the economy, which determined the relevance of this study.

Ideology and utopia: the national state structure of the USSR (presented on the example of the North Caucasus territories)

The model of the national-state and territorial structure of the USSR was implemented in strict accordance with the Marxist-Leninist theory of socioeconomic formations. According to this theory, every society goes through several stages of development: the primitive system, slavery, feudalism, capitalism, and communism. This is a naturally progressive process. Based on the works of Engels, Soviet scientists created a theory of the development of ethnic communities. Each formation had to correspond to a certain type of ethnic group. Guided by the "right of nations to self-determination," each nation was to receive its own statehood. This model existed before the collapse of the USSR. Since the 1980s it began to crumble, various ethnic groups, or rather their elites, were dissatisfied with their status. The autonomous regions of the North Caucasus began to transform into republics. The republics wanted to get the status of an ally. Administrative transformations did not improve the economy and living standards but on the contrary, led to increased bureaucratic growth. However, National Societies believed that the key was to appoint “their own” (a person with whom they had an established relationship and understanding) boss. Different peoples within the same autonomy often clashed. At the end of the twentieth-century tensions grew in the North Caucasus. It became obvious that the formation of territorial units along ethnic lines did not justify itself, however, this structure is preserved at the present time due to the fear of destabilization of the situation.

RATIONALE FOR THE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT VECTORS AND LANDMARKS OF REGIONAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS AND TERRITORIES

Reforming the administrative-territorial structure of Ukraine, designed to decentralize the powers and capabilities of local authorities, primarily by expanding the list of their financial capabilities, and helped increase the level of responsibility of local authorities for the level of development of their territories. In this context, the processes of strategic management and substantiation of methodological approaches to the choice of vectors of strategic development, based on specific indicators of regional development, available opportunities and resources, began to gain special importance. The Ukraine’s administrative-territorial structure reform, aimed to decentralize the powers and capabilities of local authorities, first of all, by expanding the list of their financial capabilities, contributed to increasing the level of local leadership responsibility for their subordinate territories level of development. In this context, the processes of strategic management and substantiation of methodological approaches to the strategic development vectors choice, based on specific indicators of regional development, available opportunities and resources, began to gain special importance. The purpose of the study is to carry out a comparative analysis of the regional socio-economic systems development in Ukraine and propose an approach to the strategic development vectors choice and determination of its landmarks in each region. In the article substantiated the necessity of forming a unified approach to identification the strategic vectors and landmarks of regional development. Carried out the analysis of the gross regional product per capita dynamics in Ukraine on the basis of the interval distribution series construction. Five groups of regions are characterized by the level of studied indicator development and substantiated possible vectors and landmarks of eir strategic decisions.