scholarly journals Central and Eastern Europe Countries in the New International Trade Environment at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Global Value Chains and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol XXIV (Special Issue 3) ◽  
pp. 547-560
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Nacewska-Twardowska
2019 ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Nazarov ◽  
S. S. Lazaryan ◽  
I. V. Nikonov ◽  
A. I. Votinov

The article assesses the impact of various factors on the growth rate of international trade. Many experts interpreted the cross-border flows of goods decline against the backdrop of a growing global economy as an alarming sign that indicates a slowdown in the processes of globalization. To determine the reasons for the dynamics of international trade, the decompositions of its growth rate were carried out and allowed to single out the effect of the dollar exchange rate, the commodities prices and global value chains on the change in the volume of trade. As a result, it was discovered that the most part of the dynamics of international trade is due to fluctuations in the exchange rate of the dollar and prices for basic commodity groups. The negative contribution of trade within global value chains in 2014 was also revealed. During the investigated period (2000—2014), such a picture was observed only in the crisis periods, which may indicate the beginning of structural changes in the world trade.


Author(s):  
Huiqing Wang ◽  
Yixin Hu ◽  
Heran Zheng ◽  
Yuli Shan ◽  
Song Qing ◽  
...  

The rise of global value chains (GCVs) has seen the transfer of carbon emissions embodied in every step of international trade. Building a coordinated, inclusive and green GCV can be an effective and efficient way to achieve carbon emissions mitigation targets for countries that participate highly in GCVs. In this paper, we first describe the energy consumption as well as the territorial and consumption-based carbon emissions of Belarus and its regions from 2010 to 2017. The results show that Belarus has a relatively clean energy structure with 75% of Belarus' energy consumption coming from imported natural gas. The ‘chemical, rubber and plastic products' sector has expanded significantly over the past few years; its territorial-based emissions increased 10-fold from 2011 to 2014, with the ‘food processing' sector displaying the largest increase in consumption-based emissions. An analysis of regional emissions accounts shows that there is significant regional heterogeneity in Belarus with Mogilev, Gomel and Vitebsk having more energy-intensive manufacturing industries. We then analysed the changes in Belarus' international trade as well as its emission impacts. The results show that Belarus has changed from a net carbon exporter in 2011 to a net carbon importer in 2014. Countries along the Belt and Road Initiative, such as Russia, China, Ukraine, Poland and Kazakhstan, are the main trading partners and carbon emission importers/exporters for Belarus. ‘Construction’ and ‘chemical, rubber and plastic products' are two major emission-importing sectors in Belarus, while ‘electricity' and ‘ferrous metals' are the primary emission-exporting sectors. Possible low-carbon development pathways are discussed for Belarus through the perspectives of global supply and the value chain.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
E. N. Smirnov

The objective of our article is to analyze the risks of a new coronavirus pandemic with impact on the dynamics of the modern world economy, as well as to assess the corresponding consequences and risks that will lead to the formation of a new model for organizing interactions in international trade, foreign direct investment and a revision of the determinants of global economic growth. The nature of the impact of the current pandemic on the existing system of international economic relations, in contrast to the previous global crises, is unprecedentedly tough, which has led to a number of contradictions in the development of global value chains, international trade flows, and  the  transformation  of  external  financing  conditions.  The  author  believes  that  the  most important  challenge  of  the  pandemic  is  not  only  the  recovery  of  the  economy  and  economic activity, maintaining the growth rate of labor productivity, but also in preventing the growth of inequality, in shaping the ability to manage global risks and imbalances. The trends towards the localization of international trade and the repatriation of global  value chains act as a risk of a significant slowdown in international exchange, which contradicts the canons and strategies for the development of foreign economic relations  of those countries  that ensured their economic growth by expanding participation in international trade and attracting foreign direct investment. According to the author, a new wave of international economic cooperation between countries can bring a new impetus to the development of international trade, capital movement and the dynamics of economic mobility.


2021 ◽  

At the beginning of the 21st century, the unity of Europe and Asia took on a new meaning, leading to an appreciation of Eurasian thinking - which has a long tradition in geopolitics -, allowing different narratives to be born in different countries. The aim of this volume is to present in detail the interconnected geopolitical narratives that are emerging in various countries. As a similar book that examines the image of Eurasia through narratives has not yet been published in the region, this publication can be seen as a ground-breaking step. This work contains studies by experts in geopolitics - both foreign and domestic specialists - that undoubtedly contribute to the development of geopolitical research in Central and Eastern Europe. With their help, the reader can get a comprehensive picture of how the great powers and smaller countries on the supercontinent (as well as in the United States) interpret Eurasia, what the main features are of each narrative, and which factors and processes are helping and hindering their implementation. The publisher of the volume, the lnstitute of lnternational, Political and Regional Studies at Corvinus University, is strongly committed to exploring current developments in geopolitics, thereby contributing to their better understanding. The latest volume in the series 'Corvinus Geographia, Geopolitica, Geooeconomia' may be of interest to a wide audience. As well as being relevant to those interested in geopolitics, it will appeal to those who seek to understand the changing landscape of international relations of the 21st century.


Author(s):  
O. Vikulova ◽  
D. Gornostaeva

Based on the latest foreign sources, the article examines the impact of Artifi cial Intelligence and related robotics and automatization on the global economy, international trade, global value chains, the motivation and activities of companies, especially TNCs, the activities of the WTO, as well as the social consequences of these processes.


Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Durasiewicz

<p><em>Due to the fact that the least favorable situation in terms of population is in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the article presents the demographic position of these countries, the challenges and risks associated with the demographic crisis, the existing policy guidelines for families and points to the long-term perspective to the next 60 years (graying society). The aim of this article is to present the scale of the demographic crisis but also describe the consequences associated with it, and the challenges faced by each country in the future in the relation to the aging population. The research methods used in this work is desk research, analysis and interpretation of available statistical data and descriptive method based on the available literature.</em><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p> </p>


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