An International Regime for Marine Scientific Research

In 1959, twelve countries with a strong record of interest in Antarctica signed a Treaty allowing accessibility to all signatories wishing to conduct peaceful scientific research. The Antarctic Treaty established science and international cooperation as its cornerstones but raised controversies because of its hosting of sovereignty claims over Antarctic territory. This research aims to fill a gap in literature proposing a strict periodization of the Antarctic Treaty System under a systemic perspective. The paper also examines Brazil's accession into the Treaty. Using as indicators of legitimacy the increase in membership and the transparency of decision-making processes, the author argues that the Antarctic Treaty System has become recognized as a legitimate international regime.

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DP 0251 - Brazil in Antarctica: the scientific and geopolitical importance of PROANTAR in the brazilian strategic surrounding area

Discussion Paper ◽

10.38116/dp251 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-51

Author(s):

Israel de Oliveira Andrade ◽

Leonardo Faria de Mattos ◽

Andrea Cancela da Cruz-Kaled ◽

Giovanni Roriz Lyra Hillebrand

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Potable Water ◽

Public Policies ◽

Scientific Research ◽

International Regime ◽

Surrounding Area ◽

Research Activities ◽

The World ◽

Main Instrument ◽

National Scientific Research

As the most inhospitable continent on Earth, Antarctica has more than 90% of its territory covered with ice and contains around 70% of all potable water in the world. Its proximity to South America is especially relevant to Brazil, which includes it in the country’s strategic surrounding area. Furthermore, Antarctica is administered through an international regime based on a system of conventions and documents, which defined research activities as its fundamental purpose. The objective of this paper is to present the aspects of the Brazilian Antarctic Program (PROANTAR, in Portuguese), the main instrument of the national Antarctic policy, and the Brazil’s continued presence in the continent. In addition, this work aims to depict the importance of Antarctic activities to Brazil, considering not only strategic concerns, but also their relevance to national scientific research. Finally, it investigates PROANTAR’s budgetary elements, pointing out its current perspectives, and examines which directions public policies should take to contribute to the program’s continuity and strengthening.

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Montserrat Gorina-Ysern (ed.): An International Regime for Marine Scientific Research Transnational Publishers, 2003. XL + 668 pages, ISBN 1-57105-213-5

Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online ◽

10.1163/187574105x00165 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 697-702

Keyword(s):

Scientific Research ◽

International Regime

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Statistical analysis of classification

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900053420 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 188-189

Author(s):

T. J. Deeming

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Classification Scheme ◽

Analytical Procedure ◽

Narrow Band ◽

Scientific Research ◽

Maximum Amount ◽

Amount Of Information

If we make a set of measurements, such as narrow-band or multicolour photo-electric measurements, which are designed to improve a scheme of classification, and in particular if they are designed to extend the number of dimensions of classification, i.e. the number of classification parameters, then some important problems of analytical procedure arise. First, it is important not to reproduce the errors of the classification scheme which we are trying to improve. Second, when trying to extend the number of dimensions of classification we have little or nothing with which to test the validity of the new parameters.Problems similar to these have occurred in other areas of scientific research (notably psychology and education) and the branch of Statistics called Multivariate Analysis has been developed to deal with them. The techniques of this subject are largely unknown to astronomers, but, if carefully applied, they should at the very least ensure that the astronomer gets the maximum amount of information out of his data and does not waste his time looking for information which is not there. More optimistically, these techniques are potentially capable of indicating the number of classification parameters necessary and giving specific formulas for computing them, as well as pinpointing those particular measurements which are most crucial for determining the classification parameters.

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Building a Successful Career in Scientific Research

10.1017/cbo9781139165471 ◽

2006 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Phil Dee

Keyword(s):

Scientific Research ◽

Successful Career

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Social-Scientific Research Competency

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000451 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 737-750 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christopher Gess ◽

Christoph Geiger ◽

Matthias Ziegler

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Test Scores ◽

Research Performance ◽

Scientific Research ◽

Research Education ◽

Crystallized Intelligence ◽

Research Competency ◽

Social Scientific Research ◽

Social Scientific ◽

Education Courses

Abstract. Although the development of research competency is an important goal of higher education in social sciences, instruments to measure this outcome often depend on the students’ self-ratings. To provide empirical evidence for the utility of a newly developed instrument for the objective measurement of social-scientific research competency, two validation studies across two independent samples were conducted. Study 1 ( n = 675) provided evidence for unidimensionality, expected differences in test scores between differently advanced groups of students as well as incremental validities over and above self-perceived research self-efficacy. In Study 2 ( n = 82) it was demonstrated that the competency measured indeed is social-scientific and relations to facets of fluid and crystallized intelligence were analyzed. Overall, the results indicate that the test scores reflected a trainable, social-scientific, knowledge-related construct relevant to research performance. These are promising results for the application of the instrument in the evaluation of research education courses in higher education.

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