The Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Periodic Limb Movement Indices, and the Relationship between These Indices and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Compliance.

Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleep-related breathing disorder that has a major impact on cardiovascular function. It has been associated with hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, and heart failure. This review focuses on the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and heart failure with either reduced or preserved ejection fraction. We discuss the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea, as well as its prevalence, treatment outcomes with continuous positive airway pressure, and prognosis in these 2 distinct types of heart failure. We also identify areas in which further work is needed to improve our understanding of this association in heart failure patients.

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Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Required Pressure Level in Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment and Voice in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Journal of Voice ◽

10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.12.007 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Süleyman Emre Karakurt ◽

Mehmet Fatih Karakuş ◽

Fakih Cihat Eravcı ◽

Nurcan Kum ◽

Müge Özcan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽

Airway Pressure ◽

Positive Airway Pressure ◽

Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽

Pressure Level ◽

Pressure Treatment ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Apnea Syndrome ◽

The Relationship

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Genioglossus activity available via non-arousal mechanisms vs. that required for opening the airway in obstructive apnea patients

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00312.2011 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 112 (2) ◽

pp. 249-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Magdy Younes ◽

Andrea H. S. Loewen ◽

Michele Ostrowski ◽

John Laprairie ◽

Frances Maturino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽

Airway Pressure ◽

Positive Airway Pressure ◽

Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽

Obstructive Apnea ◽

The Relationship ◽

Closing Pressure

It is generally believed that reflex recruitment of pharyngeal dilator muscles is insufficient to open the airway of obstructive apnea (OSA) patients once it is closed and, therefore, that arousal is required. Yet arousal promotes recurrence of obstruction. There is no information about how much dilator [genioglossus (GG)] activation is required to open the airway (GG Opening Threshold) or about the capacity of reflex mechanisms to increase dilator activity before/without arousal (Non-Arousal Activation). The relationship between these two variables is important for ventilatory stability. We measured both variables in 32 OSA patients (apnea-hypopnea index 74 ± 42 events/h). GG activity was monitored while patients were on optimal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Zopiclone was administered to delay arousal. Maximum GG activity (GGMAX) and airway closing pressure (PCRIT) were measured. During stable sleep CPAP was decreased to 1 cmH2O to induce obstructive events and the dial-downs were maintained until the airway opened with or without arousal. GG activity at the instant of opening (GG Opening Threshold) was measured. GG Opening Threshold averaged only 10.4 ± 9.5% GGMaxand did not correlate with PCRIT( r = 0.04). Twenty-six patients had >3 openings without arousal, indicating that Non-Arousal Activation can exceed GG Opening Threshold in the majority of patients. GG activity reached before arousal in Arousal-Associated Openings was only 5.4 ± 4.6% GGMAXbelow GG Opening Threshold. We conclude that in most patients GG activity required to open the airway is modest and can be reached by non-arousal mechanisms. Arousals occur in most cases just before non-arousal mechanisms manage to increase activity above GG Opening Threshold. Measures to reduce GG Opening Threshold even slightly may help stabilize breathing in many patients.

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Vibrations Generated by Pressure Oscillations for Improving Neonates Breathing

Advances in Bioengineering ◽

10.1115/imece2003-41739 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

A. M. Al-Jumaily ◽

P. I. Manilal ◽

N. Prime

Keyword(s):

Structural Analysis ◽

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽

Airway Pressure ◽

Natural Frequencies ◽

Positive Airway Pressure ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Pressure Oscillations ◽

Exciting Frequency ◽

The Relationship ◽

Cpap Devices

In this paper a structural analysis approach is developed to explain the relationship between the exciting pressure signals generated by the bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices and the vibration generated in the respiratory walls. It is demonstrated that the natural frequencies of the central airways in infants fall within the exciting frequency range, which helps in relaxing the respiratory walls, and gives them a better chance of faster recovery.

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