Deconvolution of Ferromagnetic Resonance Spectrum of Magnetic Nanoparticle Assembly Using Genetic Algorithm

The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra of dilute random assemblies of magnetite nanoparticles with cubic magnetic anisotropy and various aspect ratios are calculated using the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz equation at a finite temperature, T = 300 K, taking into account the thermal fluctuations of the particle magnetic moments. Particles of non-spherical shape in the first approximation are described as elongated spheroids with a given semiaxes ratio a/b, where a and b are the long and transverse semiaxes of a spheroid, respectively. A representative database of FMR spectra is created for assemblies of randomly oriented spheroidal magnetite nanoparticles with various transverse diameters D = 5 - 25 nm, moderate aspect ratios a/b = 1.0 - 1.8, and magnetic damping constants k = 0.1, 0.2. The basic FMR spectra of assemblies with D = 25 nm at different aspect ratios can be considered as representatives of assemblies of single-domain magnetite nanoparticles with transverse diameters D > 25 nm. The database is calculated at exciting frequency f = 4.9 GHz (S-band) to clarify clearly the details of the FMR spectrum that depend on the nature of the particle magnetic anisotropy. The data obtained make it possible to analyze arbitrary combined FMR spectra constructed as weighted linear combinations of FMR spectra of the base assemblies. In addition, using a genetic algorithm, the corresponding inverse problem is solved. The latter consists in determining the volume fractions of the base assemblies in some arbitrary nanoparticle assembly, which is represented by its FMR spectrum.PACS: 75.20.-g; 75.50.Tt; 75.40.Mg

Investigation of Rotating Eddy Current Testing Simulation Using Simplified Model

To reduce the time of simulation for rotating Eddy current testing (RECT) technique, a simplified model without modeling probe was proposed previously. However, the applicability of the simplified simulation model was unknown. In this paper, the applicability of the simplified model for the RECT technique was investigated. The application condition of the simplified model was provided by comparing it with the results of the traditional simulation model. The simplified model was suitable for the study of cracks shorter than 70% size of the uniform Eddy current induced by the probe in a traditional model or experiment. The experiment was conducted to validate the simplified model. Moreover, using the simplified model, the effects of crack depth, orientation, and exciting frequency were studied. The deeper the crack depth was, the greater peak value of [Formula: see text] signal was. The crack angle was linear with the phase of signal. The exciting frequency affected the amplitude and phase of the signal at the same time.

On occurrence of sudden increase of spiking amplitude via fold limit cycle bifurcation in a modified Van der Pol-Duffing system with slow-varying periodic excitation

The main purpose of the paper is to reveal the mechanism of certain special phenomena in bursting oscillations such as the sudden increase of the spiking amplitude. When multiple equilibrium points coexist in a dynamical system, several types of stable attractors via different bifurcations from these points may be observed with the variation of parameters, which may interact with each other to form other types of bifurcations. Here we take the modified van der Pol-Duffing system as an example, in which periodic parametric excitation is introduced. When the exciting frequency is far less than the natural frequency, bursting oscillations may appear. By regarding the exciting term as a slow-varying parameter, the number of the equilibrium branches in the fast generalized autonomous subsystem varies from one to five with the variation of the slow-varying parameter, on which different types of bifurcations, such as Hopf and pitch fork bifurcations, can be observed. The limit cycles, including the cycles via Hopf bifurcations and the cycles near the homo-clinic orbit may interact with each other to form the fold limit cycle bifurcations. With the increase of the exciting amplitude, different stable attractors and bifurcations of the generalized autonomous fast subsystem involve the full system, leading to different types of bursting oscillations. Fold limit cycle bifurcations may cause the sudden change of the spiking amplitude, since at the bifurcation points, the trajectory may oscillate according to different stable limit cycles with obviously different amplitudes. At the pitch fork bifurcation point, two possible jumping ways may result in two coexisted asymmetric bursting attractors, which may expand in the phase space to interact with each other to form an enlarged symmetric bursting attractor with doubled period. The inertia of the movement along the stable equilibrium may cause the trajectory to pass across the related bifurcations, leading to the delay effect of the bifurcations. Not only the large exciting amplitude, but also the large value of the exciting frequency may increase inertia of the movement, since in both the two cases, the change rate of the slow-varying parameter may increase. Therefore, a relative small exciting frequency may be taken in order to show the possible influence of all the equilibrium branches and their bifurcations on the dynamics of the full system.

Slow–Fast Behaviors and Their Mechanism in a Periodically Excited Dynamical System with Double Hopf Bifurcations

This paper focuses on the influence of two scales in the frequency domain on the behaviors of a typical dynamical system with a double Hopf bifurcation. By introducing an external periodic excitation to the normal form of the vector field with double Hopf bifurcation at the origin and taking the exciting frequency far less than the natural frequency, a theoretical model with two scales in the frequency domain is established. Regarding the whole exciting term as a slow-varying parameter leads to a generalized autonomous system, in which the equilibrium branches and their bifurcations with the variation of the slow-varying parameter can be derived. With the increase of the exciting amplitude, different types of bifurcations may be involved in the generalized autonomous system, resulting in several qualitatively different forms of bursting attractors, the mechanism of which is presented by overlapping the transformed phase portraits and the bifurcations of the equilibrium branches. It is found that the single mode 2D torus may evolve to the bursting attractors with mixed modes, in which the trajectory alternates between the single mode oscillations and the mixed mode oscillations. Furthermore, the transitions between the quiescent states and the spiking states may not occur exactly at the bifurcation points because of the slow passage effect, while Hopf bifurcations may cause different forms of repetitive spiking oscillations.

Quantitative evaluation of eddy current distribution by relative entropy and cross entropy

Koch curve exciting coil of an eddy current probe can adjust the eddy current distributing in more directions at a small domain to enhance the sensitivity of eddy current probe for short defect detection. In this study, a relative entropy and a cross entropy of tangential intersection angle spectrum are proposed to evaluate the eddy current distributions in the different directions when the eddy current probe is positioned at different lift-off distances and excited by different exciting frequency alternative currents. The eddy current distributions induced by a circular and a fractal Koch curve exciting coils are analyzed by the two entropy indices. With the increasing of the lift-off distance or the decreasing of the exciting frequency, the eddy current distributions induced by the Koch curve exciting coil are close to those induced by the circular exciting coil.

Metamaterials Demonstrating Negative Thermal Capacity

One-dimensional chain of core-shell pairs connected by ideal springs enables design of the metamaterial demonstrating the negative effective density and negative specific thermal capacity. We assume that the molar thermal capacity of the reported metamaterial is governed by the Dulong-Petit law in its high temperature limit. The specific thermal capacity depends of the density of the metamaterial; thus, it is expected to be negative, when the effective density of the chain is negative. The range of the frequencies enabling the effect of the negative thermal capacity is established. Dependence of the effective thermal capacity on the exciting frequency for various core/shell mass ratios is elucidated. The effective thermal capacity becomes negative in the vicinity of the local resonance frequency ω0 in the situation when the frequency ω approaches ω0 from above. The effect of the negative effective thermal capacity is expected in metals in the vicinity of the plasma frequency.

Method for metal foreign object detection in wireless charging system of electric vehicle

Purpose This study aims to solve the problem of the existing metal foreign object (MFO) detecting systems, which are not sensitive to the small size MFO in wireless charging region of electric vehicle (EV) because of the extremely complex signal noise in the process of wireless charging of EV. Design/methodology/approach A method for MFO detection based on the principle that MFOs can cause mistuned resonance of detection coil resonant circuit is proposed. The general scheme of detecting system is proposed. The design method for detection coils which is effective to small MFOs detection in large-area region of wireless charging of EV is presented. The design of time-sharing driving circuit and amplifying circuit of high frequency exciting signal for detection coils is introduced. The design scheme of signal processing circuit (including filter and rectifier) of detection coil terminal voltage is also proposed. Findings The influence of exciting frequency of detection coils on detecting sensitivity and the anti-noise feature of system are analyzed according to the experiment results. Originality/value The experiment of MFO detection indicates that the proposed method can effectively detect the coin-sized small MFO in the process of wireless charging of EV.

Feasibility study of detecting the end contacting status of threaded-sleeve-connected reinforcing bar using magnetostrictive guided wave

The reinforcing bar connected by threaded sleeve is widely used. The end contacting status under the sleeve indicates the tightness of the threaded sleeve connection. In this paper, the feasibility of using magnetostrictive guided wave to detect the end contacting status of the reinforcing bar is studied. Firstly, the propagation characteristic of the wave propagating through the threaded sleeve connection is analyzed. The end contacting status affects the reflection and transmission of the wave. Then, experiments are carried out on a thread-sleeve-connected reinforcing bar. The passing signals of the threaded sleeve connection at an exciting frequency of 30 kHz can be used to distinguish end contacting status of the reinforcing bar. Additionally, the peak voltage of the passing signal’s first passing wave decreases with the increasing loosening angle of the threaded sleeve connection. The study proves the feasibility of detecting the end contacting status using magnetostrictive guided wave.

Metamaterials Demonstrating Negative Thermal Capacity

: One-dimensional chain of core-shell pairs connected by ideal springs enables design of the metamaterial demonstrating the negative effective density and negative specific thermal capacity. We assume that the molar thermal capacity of the reported metamaterial is governed by the Dulong-Petit law in its high temperature limit. The specific thermal capacity depends of the density of the metamaterial; thus, it is expected to be negative, when the effective density of the chain is negative. The range of the frequencies enabling the effect of the negative thermal capacity is established. Dependence of the effective thermal capacity on the exciting frequency for various core/shell mass ratios is elucidated. The effective thermal capacity becomes negative in the vicinity of the local resonance frequency ω0 in the situation when the frequency ω approaches ω0 from above. The effect of the negative effective thermal capacity is expected in metals in the vicinity of the plasma frequency.

Carbon Dots as Sensing Layer for Printed Humidity and Temperature Sensors

This work presents an innovative application of carbon dots (Cdots) nanoparticles as sensing layer for relative humidity detection. The developed sensor is based on interdigitated capacitive electrodes screen printed on a flexible transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. Cdots are deposited on top of these electrodes. An exhaustive characterization of the nanoparticles has been conducted along with the fabrication of the sensor structure. The accompanied experiments give all the sensibility to the Cdots, showing its dependence with temperature and exciting frequency. To the best of our knowledge, this work paves the path to the use of these kind of nanoparticles in printed flexible capacitive sensors aimed to be employed in the continuously expanding Internet of Things ecosystem.