<p><strong>Diversität epiphytischer Moose eines westandinen Bergregenwaldes in Ecuador</strong></p>

The epiphytic bryophytes on tree trunks as well on branches and twigs of the canopy were studied in a montane rain forest in the Andes 110 km SW of Quito at about 2000 m elevation. Ten trees were examined on which 65 species (24 mooses and 41 liverworts) were found. The bryophyte flora of the stems consists of 14 species and is related on a level of up to 80%. The branches are inhabited by 58 species. The composition of species on branches of different trees (except those from the same trees) have a correspondence of less than 40%. The correspondence of the bryophytes on twigs of different trees is even lower. Twigs are inhabited by 24 species. Correlation analysis between species numbers and ecological factors revealed no significant correlation between species number and branch diameter, branch exposition and elevation. However, a correlation was found between increasing pH of the bark and decreasing species numbers. The average dry weight of epiphytic bryophytes was 80g/m2 on trunks, 1873 g/m2 on branches and 1230 g/m2 on twigs. The average water storing capacity of epiphytic bryophytes is 0.57 l/m2 on trunks, 19,5l/m2 on branches and 4.16 l/m2 on twigs and is thus ten times of the dry weight on branches but three times of dry weight on twigs. A representative tree of 27 m height has an average 65,4 kg dry weight of epiphytic bryophytes, which can store 669 liters of water. 10600 kg phytomass per hectare are estimated.

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The epiphyte communities of a montane rain forest in the Andes of Venezuela: patterns in the distribution of the flora

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467404001671 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 643-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Daniel L. Kelly ◽

Grace O'Donovan ◽

Jane Feehan ◽

Susan Murphy ◽

Svein O. Drangeid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Structure ◽

Rain Forest ◽

Environmental Variables ◽

Horizontal Gradient ◽

Indicator Species Analysis ◽

Montane Rain Forest ◽

The Andes ◽

Species Analysis ◽

Epiphyte Communities ◽

Angiosperm Species

The dependent flora was surveyed on 20 trees at a 1.5-ha site in montane rain forest at 2600 m altitude in western Venezuela. Vascular species were recorded over the whole site and totalled 120 epiphytes, 21 climbers, 3 hemiepiphytes, 5 nomadic vines and 6 mistletoes. Non-vascular species were recorded within 95 sample plots and totalled 22 mosses, 66 liverworts and 46 macrolichens. The angiosperm species were restricted in geographical range to the Neotropics; 22.1% were endemic to Venezuela. Pteridophyte and bryophyte species were largely restricted to the Neotropics but few were endemic. Macrolichen species were mostly pantropical or cosmopolitan; only 9.6% were restricted to the Neotropics and none was endemic. Canonical Correspondence Analysis found the environmental variables most closely correlated with variation in community composition to be height above ground and a horizontal gradient reflecting differences in forest structure. The epiphytic vegetation was classified using Two-way Indicator Species Analysis into a Syrrhopodon gaudichaudii–Elaphoglossum hoffmannii group of lower trunks, an Omphalanthus filiformis–Maxillaria miniata group of intermediate levels and an Usnea–Parmotrema group of upper crowns. Diversity increased with height above ground; non-vascular diversity was greatest in upper crowns whereas vascular diversity was greatest at intermediate levels. Similarity levels were low among sample plots of the same community, whereas between-tree and between-stand similarities were relatively high.

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Regional and Seasonal Differences in Species Composition and Trophic Groups for Tidepool Fishes of a Western Pacific Island – Taiwan

ILMU KELAUTAN Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences ◽

10.14710/ik.ijms.23.1.1-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Colin K. C. Wen ◽

Li-Shu Chen ◽

Kwang-Tsao Shao

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Fish Species ◽

Fish Assemblages ◽

Coastal Development ◽

Species Number ◽

Pacific Region ◽

Trophic Groups ◽

Species Numbers ◽

Intertidal Fish ◽

Intertidal Fishes

Spatial and temporal variations in the species composition of assemblages are common in many marine organisms, including fishes. Variations in the fish species composition of subtidal coral reefs have been well documented, however much less is known about such differences for intertidal fish assemblages. This is surprising, given that intertidal fishes are more vulnerable to terrestrial human disturbances. It is critical to evaluate the ecology and biology of intertidal fishes before they are severely impacted by coastal development, especially in developing countries such as those in the tropical western Pacific region where coastal development is rapidly increasing. In this study, we investigated the species composition, abundance, biomass and species number (richness) for intertidal fish assemblages in subtropical (northern) and tropical (southern) Taiwan across four seasons by collecting fishes from tidepools using clove oil. We also examined the gut contents of collected fishes to identify their trophic functional groups in order to investigate regional and seasonal variations for different trophic groups. We found significant differences in the species composition of tidepool fish assemblages between subtropical and tropical Taiwan. Bathygobius fuscus, Abudefduf vaigiensis and Istiblennius dussumieri were dominant species in subtropical Taiwan, whereas Bathygobius coalitus, Abudefduf septemfasciatus and Istiblennius lineatus were dominant in tropical Taiwan. Other species such as Bathygobius cocosensis, Abudefduf sordidus and Istiblennius edentulus were common in both regions. For trophic groups, omnivores and detritivores had or showed trends towards higher species numbers and abundances in the subtropical region, whereas herbivores, planktivores and general carnivores had or showed trends towards higher species numbers and biomass in the tropical region. Overall, many intertidal fish species and trophic groups showed differences in abundance, biomass and species number between subtropical and tropical Taiwan. Further studies on large scale geographical gradients in trophic groups and species compositions in the Indo-west Pacific region are encouraged to assist with ecosystem monitoring and assessment. Keywords: Intertidal fishes, spatio-temporal pattern, feeding guild, diet

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Melastomataceae in a continental Atlantic Forest island from southeastern Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.183.2.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 183 (2) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kelly Cristina Silva-Gonçalves ◽

José Fernando Andrade Baumgratz ◽

André Felippe Nunes-Freitas

Keyword(s):

Coastal Plain ◽

Rain Forest ◽

New Records ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Montane Rain Forest ◽

Phenological Data ◽

Forest Plant Species ◽

Ombrophilous Forest ◽

Forest Island ◽

Insular Region

The Marambaia is an important natural refuge for preserving the genetic heritage of several rain forest plant species. In this insular region, where the vegetation types are Lower Montane Rain Forest and restingas (sandy coastal plain habitat), the impressive diversity of Melastomataceae consists of seven genera and 25 species of which 13 represent new records for the area. Miconia is best represented with 10 species, followed by Tibouchina (6 spp.), Leandra (4 spp.), Clidemia (2 spp.) and Huberia, Marcetia and Ossaea (1 sp. each). Most of the species are shrubs or trees and occur in Dense Submontane Ombrophilous Forest. Huberia ovalifolia DC., Leandra acutiflora (Naudin) Cogn. and Leandra melastomoides Raddi are cited in the list of endangered species for the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. An identification key is provided as well as descriptions, illustrations, comments on morphological peculiarities of species, and geographical and phenological data.

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Reforestation with the Native Tree Alnus acuminata: Effects on Phytodiversity and Species Richness in an Upper Montane Rain Forest Area of Colombia

Ecological Studies - Tropical Montane Cloud Forests ◽

10.1007/978-1-4612-2500-3_7 ◽

1995 ◽

pp. 125-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jaime Cavelier

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Rain Forest ◽

Forest Area ◽

Montane Rain Forest ◽

Alnus Acuminata ◽

Native Tree

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Canopy gap colonization in the Atlantic Montane Rain Forest

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132006000700013 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 953-965 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Renato A. Ferreira de Lima ◽

Leila Cunha de Moura

Keyword(s):

Rain Forest ◽

Woody Species ◽

Canopy Gap ◽

Considerable Influence ◽

Montane Rain Forest ◽

Eastern Brazil ◽

Size Number ◽

Shade Tolerant Species ◽

Herb Species ◽

Gap Structure

In the Atlantic Montane Rain Forest of South-eastern Brazil, a study was carried out to describe and evaluate canopy gap colonization. Gap composition by herb species was assessed through their soil coverage and woody species by measuring and identifying all individuals taller than one meter. Gap structure (gap size, number and diameter of treefalls), topographic position and surrounding vegetation were also measured. Two genera of Marantaceae were markedly frequent and abundant inside gaps. The more abundant and frequent woody species were shade tolerant. Species-rich families found inside gaps did not differ from the forest as a whole. Results revealed that direct and indirect influences of topography were important to determine gap composition of woody species. Evidently gap colonization had a considerable influence of topography and pre-established individuals besides variables of gap structure.

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