Non-saxicolous lecideoid lichens in southern South America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 476 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-73
Author(s):  
PAMELA RODRIGUEZ-FLAKUS
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Lichenized Fungi ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Chemical Characters

Lecidea Ach. in its broad sense, is one of the largest and most heterogeneous genus of lichenized fungi with a worldwide distribution and with diversity hotspots located in the temperate and polar regions. The genus belongs to a crust-like microlichen group and inhabits many different substrates (e.g., bark, rock, wood, soil, mosses). Lecidea does not form a coherent systematic entity, and previous studies have revealed it as a polyphyletic assemblage with species spread across various families within the Lecanoromycetes. The present study is a modern taxonomic revision of southern South America non-saxicolous lecideoid lichens based on morphological, anatomical and chemical characters. A total of 27 species belonging to ten genera are recognized. The current study reveals a substantial, previously hidden, diversity of lichens in Valdivian temperate and Magellanic subpolar forests; increasing the number of known lecideoid lichens in the studied area. Many new regional records are also reported including six species new to South America (Bryobilimbia hypnorum, Hertelidea botryosa, H. eucalypti, Japewiella tavaresiana, Placynthiella oligotropha, and Ramboldia brunneocarpa). The following species are here described as new to science: Bryobilimbia flakusii Rodr. Flakus sp. nov. (Argentina), B. pallida Rodr. Flakus sp. nov. (Argentina, Chile), Hertelidea printzenii Rodr. Flakus sp. nov. (Argentina), H. stipitata Rodr. Flakus sp. nov. (Argentina, Chile), “Lecidea” vobisii Rodr. Flakus sp. nov. (Argentina), and Ramboldia australis Rodr. Flakus sp. nov. (Argentina, Chile). All species are described and illustrated in detail, and an identification key to the species is provided. In addition, as a result of a revision of available type material, a list of 48 additional species excluded from this study, including brief remarks on their taxonomical affiliations, is provided.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of Amorimia W.R. Anderson (Malpighiaceae)

Hoehnea ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Felipe de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests ◽  
Dry Tropical Forests

ABSTRACT The taxonomic revision of Amorimia (Malpighiaceae) is presented, including typifications, and descriptions for all accepted species. The genus is endemic to Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests and Rainforests of South America, and its species can be distinguished by morphological details of leaves, indumenta, inflorescences, flowers, and fruits. This study includes an identification key for the subgenera and species of Amorimia, illustrations, distribution maps, conservation risk assessments, and comments on ecology, nomenclature, and taxonomy for all species. Additionally, I provide a key to differentiate Amorimia from the remaining genera of the Malpighioid clade.

Identity of Carex trichodes Steud. ex Boott and Carex lateriflora Phil. (subgen. Psyllophorae, sect. Junciformes, Cyperaceae) from Southern South America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 530 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-236
Author(s):  
DIEGO N. PENNECKAMP
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Made In

The identity of Carex trichodes, a species only known from the collection of the type material made in 1854 is clarified after finding it in the wild in the vicinity of the type locality. It is concluded that C. trichodes was proposed based on stressed plants corresponding to the same taxon later described as C. lateriflora.

Revision of the Metallactus hamifer species-group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4657 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-245
Author(s):  
DAVIDE SASSI
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Additional Species

The taxonomic revision of a group of Metallactus species, morphologically and chromatically close to M. hamifer Suffrian, 1866, is presented here. Before this revision, catalogues had been reporting 12 species attributable to this group. In the present work one species has been synonymized and six have been described as new to science. Therefore, the group now includes 17 species. The species described as new are: Metallactus abditus sp. nov., M. chamorroi sp. nov., M. dicaprioi sp. nov.; M. madefactus sp. nov., M. praetorius sp. nov., M. viator sp. nov. The following synonymy is proposed: Metallactus albopictus Suffrian, 1866 (= Griburius persimilis Burmeister, 1877 syn. nov.). One additional species, formerly included in Griburius Haldeman, 1849 is transferred to Metallactus: Metallactus octoguttatus (Burmeister, 1877) comb. nov. Lectotypes were designated where necessary for stability of nomenclature. The new synonymies, the name-bearing type fixations and designations and the nomenclatural acts are critically discussed. An identification key for the species group is also provided. 

A further contribution to the knowledge of Uroleucon species (Hemiptera, Aphididae) living on Adesmia (Fabaceae) in southern South America, with description of a new species from Chile

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4748 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-560
Author(s):  
M. PILAR MIER DURANTE ◽  
JAIME ORTEGO ◽  
CAROL D. VON DOHLEN ◽  
JUAN MANUEL NIETO NAFRÍA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Viviparous Female ◽  
A New Species

Uroleucon (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Macrosiphini) is a highly diverse and widely distributed genus. Most of its species are hosted by plants of the Asteraceae or Campanulaceae, but three species from the southern end of South America have specialized to live on plants of the genus Adesmia (Fabaceae). New morphological and chorological data are provided for U. adesmiae Mier Durante and Ortego and U. naheulhuapense Nieto Nafría & von Dohlen, with a description of the alate viviparous female of the latter species. U. australe Nieto Nafría & Mier Durante, sp. n. is described from apterous viviparous females, oviparous females and males from four localities in the Chilean regions of Aysén and Magallanes; it is very close to U. nahuelhuapense, both morphologically and genetically. Contrary to what is typical for aphids, the males of U. australe have a greater number of distinguishing characters than are found in viviparous females. A modification of the identification key to the apterous viviparous females of the known Uroleucon species in South America by Nieto Nafría et al. (2019) is presented. 

scholarly journals High levels of endemism and local differentiation in the fungal and algal symbionts of saxicolous lecideoid lichens along a latitudinal gradient in southern South America

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Ruprecht ◽  
Fernando Fernández-Mendoza ◽  
Roman Türk ◽  
Alan M. Fryday
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Algal Symbionts ◽  
Molecular Genetic Data

AbstractSaxicolous, lecideoid lichenized fungi have a cosmopolitan distribution but, being mostly cold adapted, are especially abundant in polar and high-mountain regions. To date, little is known of their origin or the extent of their trans-equatorial dispersal. Several mycobiont genera and species are thought to be restricted to either the Northern or the Southern Hemisphere, whereas others are thought to be widely distributed and occur in both hemispheres. However, these assumptions often rely on morphological analyses and lack supporting molecular genetic data. Also unknown is the extent of regional differentiation in the southern polar regions. An extensive set of lecideoid lichens (185 samples) was collected along a latitudinal gradient at the southern end of South America. Subantarctic climate conditions were maintained by increasing the elevation of the collecting sites with decreasing latitude. The investigated specimens were placed in a global context by including Antarctic and cosmopolitan sequences from other studies. For each symbiont three markers were used to identify intraspecific variation (mycobiont: ITS, mtSSU, RPB1; photobiont: ITS, psbJ-L, COX2). For the mycobiont, the saxicolous genera Lecidea, Porpidia, Poeltidea and Lecidella were phylogenetically re-evaluated, along with their photobionts Asterochloris and Trebouxia. For several globally distributed species groups, the results show geographically highly differentiated subclades, classified as operational taxonomical units (OTUs), which were assigned to the different regions of southern South America (sSA). Furthermore, several small endemic and well-supported clades apparently restricted to sSA were detected at the species level for both symbionts.

On the genus Gastrodynerus Bohart, 1984 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4671 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-250
Author(s):  
YURI CAMPANHOLO GRANDINETE ◽  
GUSTAVO BELLINI CORTES ◽  
JAMES MICHAEL CARPENTER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
New World ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
External Morphology

The genus Gastrodynerus is here revised based on external morphology and male genitalia. Bohart (1984) proposed Gastrodynerus as a new genus with three species: G. vanduzeei (Bohart 1948), G. searsi Bohart, 1984, and G. stangei Bohart, 1984. Later, Rodriguez-Palafox (1996) added G. tacubayae (de Saussure, 1857). Herein, we describe four new species from Central America and South America: G. guatemalensis sp. nov.; G. barretti sp. nov.; G. aimara sp. nov. and G. yungaensis sp. nov. After this taxonomic revision, the Gastrodynerus includes eight species widely distributed in the New World. An identification key is provided for all of the species. 

Redescription of three species of Apobaetis Day, 1955 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4808 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-330
Author(s):  
PAULO VILELA CRUZ
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
The Family ◽  
Morphological Diagnosis ◽  
Almost All

The genus Apobaetis Day is one of the few lineages of the family Baetidae distributed throughout the continental Americas. Three very similar species of this genus—Apobaetis etowah (Traver), Apobaetis signifer Lugo-Ortiz & McCaffety, and Apobaetis fiuzai Salles & Lugo-Ortiz—have important morphological details, pertinent to species identification, that remain to be described. This lack of detailed taxonomic information has resulted in ample misdiagnoses of the species, particularly regarding A. fiuzai in South America. In fact, almost all the recently collected specimens have been assigned to this species. The present study aimed to establish a new morphological diagnosis of these three Apobaetis species through a redescription of their larvae, based on type material, and the proposition of a new identification key for larvae of this genus. The review of the type specimens supports two conclusions: (i) that A. etowah, A. signifer, and A. fiuzai are highly similar, yet can be considered as distinct species, and (ii) the previous diagnoses and keys do not effectively separate A. fiuzai from A. signifer. 

A taxonomic revision of the catshark genus Haploblepharus Garman 1913  (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1451 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRETT A. HUMAN
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Range Extension ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Colour Variation ◽  
Alpha Level

This paper examines the alpha level taxonomy of the genus Haploblepharus Garman, 1913 (Chondrichthyes; Scyliorhinidae). Three species are endemic to South Africa, with one species occurring in Namibia and South Africa. Haploblepharus pictus exhibits considerable colour variation which has led to some confusion between that species and H. edwardsii, resulting in a significant range extension for H. pictus. A neotype is designated for H. edwardsii, and problematic Haploblepharus juveniles are tentatively assigned to H. kistnasamyi. A novel species identification key is presented for Haploblepharus, and a comprehensive review of the taxonomy (including type material and synonyms) and distribution of all taxa is presented. The genus Haploblepharus contains four contemporary taxa: H. edwardsii (Schinz, 1822), H. pictus (Müller & Henle, 1838), H. fuscus Smith, 1950, and H. kistnasamyi Human & Compagno, 2006.

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