Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil: The presence of species incriminated as vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon region

A total of 83,499 phlebotomine sand flies belonging to 23 species were captured in CDC light traps and from humans in three areas of the northeastern coastal region of Pernambuco State, Brazil. Two species had not been recorded previously from this region but have been incriminated as vectors of dermal leishmaniasis in the Amazon region. Lutzomyia claustrei, associated with the parasite Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi, and Lutzomyia flaviscutellata, associated with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, were captured in a small area of residual forest in the area of Recife. A third species, Lutzomyia complexa, which is considered a vector of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis, was also taken in the same forest, as well as in similar habitats of the municipalities of Amaraji and Paudalho. The commonest species in each locality were, respectively, Lutzomyia umbratilis, Lutzomyia whitmani, and Lutzomyia complexa. All are important vectors of the agents of leishmaniasis in the Amazon region.

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Relationship Between the Distribution and Biodiversity of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) With the Incidence of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Endemic Foci of Golestan Province, Iran

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjaa114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 1768-1774

Author(s):

Aioub Sofizadeh ◽

Kamran Akbarzadeh ◽

Ehsan Allah Kalteh ◽

Fatemeh Karimi

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Wiener Index ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽

Light Traps ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Golestan Province ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is prevalent in Golestan Province, Iran. The current study determined the relationship between the distribution and biodiversity of sand flies with cutaneous leishmaniasis at 14 villages in plain and hillsides areas. In each village from July to September 2017, 60 sticky traps and 2 CDC light traps were laid. Spearman and Mann–Whitney tests were used to determine the relationship between the incidence of ZCL and the abundance of different species of sand flies. Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, Evenness, and Margalef indices were calculated to estimate the diversity of species. A total of 5,295 phlebotomine sand flies were collected, comprising 10 species of the genus Phlebotomus (3,947 flies) and 7 species of genus Sergentomyia (1,248 flies). The abundance of sand flies and incidence of ZCL in plain areas were greater than that of hillsides areas (P = 0.013, P = 0.002). There was a significant correlation between the incidence of ZCL and the abundance of Phlebotomus papatasi (r = 0.72, P = 0.004) and P. caucasicus groups (P = 0.006; 0.022). In the Shannon-Wiener index, the rest of the biodiversity indices were reduced in higher-altitude areas. Increasing Shannon-Wiener index showed higher diversity of sand flies in higher-altitude areas. Data of the reported cases of leishmaniasis in plain areas can reveal the relationship between less diversity index (Shannon-Wiener), higher dominant diversity index (Simpson), and incidence of leishmaniasis in these areas.

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NaturalLeishmania(Viannia) spp. infections in phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the Brazilian Amazon region reveal new putative transmission cycles of American cutaneous leishmaniasis

Parasite ◽

10.1051/parasite/2016022 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 22 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Adelson Alcimar Almeida de Souza ◽

Thiago Vasconcelos dos Santos ◽

Yara Lúcia Lins Jennings ◽

Edna Aoba Yassui Ishikawa ◽

Iorlando da Rocha Barata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Brazilian Amazon Region ◽

Transmission Cycles

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Detection of Leishmania DNA in Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From a Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Outbreak Area in Northeastern Brazil

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjz189 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yury Yzabella Da Silva ◽

Kamila Gaudêncio Da Silva Sales ◽

Débora Elienai De Oliveira Miranda ◽

Luciana Aguiar Figueredo ◽

Sinval P Brandão-Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Military Training ◽

Western Hemisphere ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Enzyme Analysis ◽

Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽

Leishmania Braziliensis ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Outbreak Area

Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) by Leishmania braziliensis Vianna (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) is a widespread disease in the western hemisphere and Brazil is the country reporting the majority of the human cases each year. Several phlebotomine sand flies have been regarded as putative or proven vectors of L. braziliensis and multiple vectors may be involved in the transmission of this parasite in the same endemic foci. In this study, we tested a subset of female phlebotomine sand flies collected in the frame of a previous study conducted in a military training camp, where outbreaks of CL by L. braziliensis have sporadically been reported. In total, 1,807 female phlebotomine sand flies were tested (individually or in pools) by real-time PCR and a minimum infection rate of 0.9% (95% CI: 0.6–1.5%) was detected. Positive females belonged to the species Psychodopygus complexus (Mangabeira) or Psychodopygus wellcomei Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson (females of these species are morphologically indistinguishable), Trichopygomyia longispina (Mangabeira), and Sciopemyia sordellii (Shannon & Del Ponte) (Diptera: Psychodidae). By restriction enzyme analysis, 13 samples (nine of Ty. longispina, two of Ps. complexus/wellcomei, and two of Sc. sordellii) presented a HaeIII restriction profile identical to L. braziliensis. The results of this study reinforce the notion that multiple vectors may be involved in the transmission of L. braziliensis in a single focus, ultimately making the epidemiological picture more complex than currently recognized.

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Response of phlebotomine sand flies to light-emitting diode-modified light traps in southern Egypt

Journal of Vector Ecology ◽

10.3376/1081-1710(2007)32[302:ropsft]2.0.co;2 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 302 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

D.F. Hoel ◽

J.F. Butler ◽

E. Y. Fawaz ◽

N. Watany ◽

S.S. El-Hossary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Light Traps ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Light Emitting

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Do Different LED Colours Influence Sand Fly Collection by Light Trap in the Mediterranean?

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/6432637 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gabriella Gaglio ◽

Ettore Napoli ◽

Francesca Arfuso ◽

Jessica Maria Abbate ◽

Salvatore Giannetto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Trap ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Light Traps ◽

Trap Design ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Uv Led ◽

The Mediterranean

Light traps represent the most used attractive system to collect and monitor phlebotomine sand flies. Recent studies have suggested that light traps can be easily upgraded by the use of light-emitting diode (LED) with positive effects on trap design, weight, and battery life. However, scant data on the effect of different LED colours on the attractiveness to phlebotomine sand fly species are available in literature. In this study, the capture performances of light traps equipped with different LED colours on phlebotomine sand fly species indigenous in the Mediterranean area were evaluated. Phlebotomine sand fly collections were performed using a classical light trap (CLT), equipped with a traditional incandescent lamp, and five Laika 4.0 light traps supplied, each with LED of different colours and wavelengths: (i) white; (ii) red; (iii) green; (iv) blue; (v) UV. Light traps were set for three consecutive nights fortnightly from May to October 2017 and climate data recorded using a meteorological station. A total of 411 phlebotomine sand flies (191 males and 220 females), belonging to three different species, namely, Phlebotomus perniciosus (n= 298, 141 males and 157 females), Sergentomyia minuta (n=110, 48 males and 62 females), and Phlebotomus neglectus (n=3, 2 males and 1 females) were collected. Abundance of capture was influenced by colours of LED and time. The highest number of phlebotomine sand flies was captured on June (P<0.01) and by UV LED (P<0.01). As regard to species, P. perniciosus was mainly captured by UV LED on June (P<0.01). No effect of time (P>0.05) or LED colour (P>0.05) was recorded for S. minuta and P. neglectus. According to the results of the present study light trap equipped with UV LED can represent an effective tool for the capture of sand fly species in the Mediterranean area.

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