Relationship Between the Distribution and Biodiversity of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) With the Incidence of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Endemic Foci of Golestan Province, Iran

Abstract Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is prevalent in Golestan Province, Iran. The current study determined the relationship between the distribution and biodiversity of sand flies with cutaneous leishmaniasis at 14 villages in plain and hillsides areas. In each village from July to September 2017, 60 sticky traps and 2 CDC light traps were laid. Spearman and Mann–Whitney tests were used to determine the relationship between the incidence of ZCL and the abundance of different species of sand flies. Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, Evenness, and Margalef indices were calculated to estimate the diversity of species. A total of 5,295 phlebotomine sand flies were collected, comprising 10 species of the genus Phlebotomus (3,947 flies) and 7 species of genus Sergentomyia (1,248 flies). The abundance of sand flies and incidence of ZCL in plain areas were greater than that of hillsides areas (P = 0.013, P = 0.002). There was a significant correlation between the incidence of ZCL and the abundance of Phlebotomus papatasi (r = 0.72, P = 0.004) and P. caucasicus groups (P = 0.006; 0.022). In the Shannon-Wiener index, the rest of the biodiversity indices were reduced in higher-altitude areas. Increasing Shannon-Wiener index showed higher diversity of sand flies in higher-altitude areas. Data of the reported cases of leishmaniasis in plain areas can reveal the relationship between less diversity index (Shannon-Wiener), higher dominant diversity index (Simpson), and incidence of leishmaniasis in these areas.

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Seasonal dynamics of Phlebotomus Papatasi (Scopoli, 1786) (Diptera: Psychodidae) population in southern Republic of Moldova

10.53937/icz10.2021.46 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tatiana Sulesco ◽

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Dynamics ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽

Light Traps ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Republic Of Moldova ◽

Genus Leishmania

Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of several infectious pathogens, including parasitic protozoans of the genus Leishmania and phleboviruses. Increasing sand fly biting nuisance reported by residents from southern Republic of Moldova since 2011 initiated this study. Ceadir-Lunga, a semi-urban locality in southern Republic of Moldova was selected for seasonal sand fly collections outdoors and indoors in 2015 and 2017 using CDC light traps and manual aspirators. Continuous trapping showed markedly longer activity of P. papatasi indoors. Specimens were collected from first aspirations in the second half of June until last collections in mid-September, suggesting that the actual indoor activity of P. papatasi may have been longer. Low numbers of trapped specimens do not allow make accurate conclusions regarding the seasonal dynamics.

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An Inventory of the Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of Rudbar County, a New Focus of Leishmaniasis in Northern Iran, with a Taxonomic Note on the Subgenus Larroussius

Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases ◽

10.18502/jad.v14i3.4564 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Behzad Norouzi ◽

Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd ◽

Vahideh Moin-Vaziri ◽

Ayoob Noorallahi ◽

Shahyad Azari-Hamidian

Keyword(s):

Published Data ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽

Light Traps ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Sticky Traps ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

First Time ◽

Guilan Province ◽

Collection Sites

Background: Different forms of leishmaniasis are significant infectious diseases in Iran. While, Rudbar County of Guilan Province has been introduced as a new cutaneous leishmaniasis focus, there are few published data about the phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of the province. Methods: To study the phlebotomine fauna of Rudbar County, the sampling was performed in 12 collection sites by light traps, sticky traps and manual aspirators throughout August–December 2015. Sand flies were removed from the sticky traps, rinsed in acetone and stored in 80% ethanol along with the collections of light traps and hand catches. Results: In total, 2186 sand flies were collected and ten species representing two genera were morphologically identified: Phlebotomus (Adlerius) halepensis (0.27%), Ph. (Larroussius) kandeladii (0.10%), Ph. (Lar.) neglectus (0.91%), Ph. (Lar.) perfiliewi (53.88%), Ph. (Lar.) tobbi (43.45%), Ph. (Paraphlebotomus) sergenti (0.82%), Ph. (Phlebotomus) papatasi (0.10%), Sergentomyia (Parrotomyia) baghdadis (0.27%), Se. (Sintonius) clydei (0.05%) and Se. (Sin.) tiberiadis (0.10%). The species Ph. halepensis, Ph. neglectus, Ph. perfiliewi, Se. baghdadis, Se. clydei and Se. tiberiadis were reported for the first time in Guilan Province. This study also verified the presence of Ph. neglectus (Ph. major krimensis as a synonym and morphotype) in Iran. Moreover, the taxonomy of the subgenus Larroussius of the province was discussed. Conclusion: The prevalence of suspected or proven cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis vectors is noteworthy. The study of ecology of sand flies and detecting the exact vectors of leishmaniasis and phlebotomine fever by molecular specific tests in Guilan Province are recommended.

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Efficiency of Two Capture Methods Providing Live Sand flies and Assessment the Susceptibility Status of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Foci of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Lorestan Province, Western Iran

Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases ◽

10.18502/jad.v14i4.5278 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yavar Rassi ◽

Hamed Asadollahi ◽

Mohammad Reza Abai ◽

Mohammad Hassan Kayedi ◽

Hassan Vatandoost

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Seasonal Activity ◽

Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽

Baited Traps ◽

Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Susceptibility Tests ◽

Susceptibility Status ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficiency of two capture methods for providing live sandflies used for determining the susceptibility level of Phlebotomus papatasi, the main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Lorestan Province, west of Iran. Methods: The sand flies were collected from indoor and outdoor by hand-catch and baited traps during the peak of seasonal activity. The susceptibility level of sand flies was assessed using insecticide-impregnated papers against DDT 4%, bendiocarb 0.1%, permethrin 0.75%, deltamethrin 0.05%, and cyfluthrin 0.15%. Results: A total of 2486 live sandflies were caught from both indoor and outdoor places. Totally 849 sand flies were caught from outdoors with a sex ratio(SR) 0.1 versus 1637 sand flies collected from indoor using the hand-catch method with SR= 0.6. The dominant species of sand flies was Ph. papatasi in the study area. Mortality rates of outdoor-collected sand flies were exposed to DDT 4%, deltamethrin 0.05%, permethrin 0.75%, and bendiocarb 0.1%, and mortality rate ranged from 92.0–97.9% and for indoor-collected sand flies were 87.7–96.8%. Both outdoor and indoor collected sand flies were susceptible to cyfluthrin 0.15% that caused 100% mortality. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the most appropriate method for collecting the live female Ph. papatasi is the baited traps due to providing enough females is necessary for conducting the susceptibility tests. The finding indicated that Ph. papatasi wasresistant to DDT, under ‟verification required‟status to deltamethrin, permethrin, bendiocarb, and susceptible to cyfluthrin.

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Machine learning approaches in GIS-based ecological modeling of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi, a vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Golestan province, Iran

Acta Tropica ◽

10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.09.004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 188 ◽

pp. 187-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Abolfazl Mollalo ◽

Ali Sadeghian ◽

Glenn D. Israel ◽

Parisa Rashidi ◽

Aioub Sofizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Ecological Modeling ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Learning Approaches ◽

Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽

Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Golestan Province

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Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil: The presence of species incriminated as vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon region

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1078.1.2 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 1078 (1) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

V. Q. BALBINO ◽

M. S. ANDRADE ◽

I. COUTINHO-ABREU ◽

I. V. SONODA ◽

C. B. MARCONDES ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Small Area ◽

Coastal Region ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Leishmania Amazonensis ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Light Traps ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Parasite Leishmania

A total of 83,499 phlebotomine sand flies belonging to 23 species were captured in CDC light traps and from humans in three areas of the northeastern coastal region of Pernambuco State, Brazil. Two species had not been recorded previously from this region but have been incriminated as vectors of dermal leishmaniasis in the Amazon region. Lutzomyia claustrei, associated with the parasite Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi, and Lutzomyia flaviscutellata, associated with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, were captured in a small area of residual forest in the area of Recife. A third species, Lutzomyia complexa, which is considered a vector of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis, was also taken in the same forest, as well as in similar habitats of the municipalities of Amaraji and Paudalho. The commonest species in each locality were, respectively, Lutzomyia umbratilis, Lutzomyia whitmani, and Lutzomyia complexa. All are important vectors of the agents of leishmaniasis in the Amazon region.

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Mitochondrial genomes of two phlebotomine sand flies, Phlebotomus chinensis and Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Nematocera), the first representatives from the family Psychodidae

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-015-1081-1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Fei Ye ◽

Ting Liu ◽

Stanley D. King ◽

Ping You

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Genomes ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

The Family

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Response of phlebotomine sand flies to light-emitting diode-modified light traps in southern Egypt

Journal of Vector Ecology ◽

10.3376/1081-1710(2007)32[302:ropsft]2.0.co;2 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 302 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

D.F. Hoel ◽

J.F. Butler ◽

E. Y. Fawaz ◽

N. Watany ◽

S.S. El-Hossary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Light Traps ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Light Emitting

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Do Different LED Colours Influence Sand Fly Collection by Light Trap in the Mediterranean?

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/6432637 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gabriella Gaglio ◽

Ettore Napoli ◽

Francesca Arfuso ◽

Jessica Maria Abbate ◽

Salvatore Giannetto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Trap ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Light Traps ◽

Trap Design ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Uv Led ◽

The Mediterranean

Light traps represent the most used attractive system to collect and monitor phlebotomine sand flies. Recent studies have suggested that light traps can be easily upgraded by the use of light-emitting diode (LED) with positive effects on trap design, weight, and battery life. However, scant data on the effect of different LED colours on the attractiveness to phlebotomine sand fly species are available in literature. In this study, the capture performances of light traps equipped with different LED colours on phlebotomine sand fly species indigenous in the Mediterranean area were evaluated. Phlebotomine sand fly collections were performed using a classical light trap (CLT), equipped with a traditional incandescent lamp, and five Laika 4.0 light traps supplied, each with LED of different colours and wavelengths: (i) white; (ii) red; (iii) green; (iv) blue; (v) UV. Light traps were set for three consecutive nights fortnightly from May to October 2017 and climate data recorded using a meteorological station. A total of 411 phlebotomine sand flies (191 males and 220 females), belonging to three different species, namely, Phlebotomus perniciosus (n= 298, 141 males and 157 females), Sergentomyia minuta (n=110, 48 males and 62 females), and Phlebotomus neglectus (n=3, 2 males and 1 females) were collected. Abundance of capture was influenced by colours of LED and time. The highest number of phlebotomine sand flies was captured on June (P<0.01) and by UV LED (P<0.01). As regard to species, P. perniciosus was mainly captured by UV LED on June (P<0.01). No effect of time (P>0.05) or LED colour (P>0.05) was recorded for S. minuta and P. neglectus. According to the results of the present study light trap equipped with UV LED can represent an effective tool for the capture of sand fly species in the Mediterranean area.

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