Taxonomy and distribution of the Pygmy Eagle Aquila (Hieraaetus) weiskei (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2326 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-38
Author(s):  
JAN O. GJERSHAUG ◽  
HEATHER R. L. LERNER ◽  
OLA H. DISERUD
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Genetic Evidence ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Cyt B

We re-evaluated the taxonomic status of the New Guinean subspecies weiskei of the Little Eagle Aquila morphnoides and confirmed that it differs considerably from the Australian A. morphnoides in multiple morphological and plumage characters. Genetic differentiation in published mitochondrial cyt-b and ND2 sequences between the nominate subspecies and weiskei is equivalent to that found between other accipitrid taxa at the species level, as are pairwise divergences between each Little Eagle taxon and their sister species, the Booted Eagle A. pennata. The available morphological and genetic evidence thus strongly and unambiguously supports the specific distinctness of A. weiskei. We propose the English name Pygmy Eagle, as this is the world’s smallest known eagle. We show that the distribution of A. weiskei includes the western part of New Guinea (Vogelkop) and the Moluccas (Halmahera, Ternate and Seram), based on our new observations.

scholarly journals Genetic differentiation in Gammarus fossarum and G. caparti (Crustacea, Amphipoda) with reference to G. pulex pulex in northwestern Europe

1989 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Scheepmaker ◽  
Jan van Dalfsen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Gammarus Fossarum ◽  
Northern France ◽  
Enzyme Loci

Genetic differentiation among G. fossarum Koch, 1835 from different stations in Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and northern France, and the closely related Belgian form G. caparti Pètre-Stroobants, 1980 was investigated by electrophoresis at 20 enzyme loci. Although morphologically variable, geographically distant populations of G. cf. fossarum were hitherto considered conspecific. In the present study, populations of G. cf. fossarum and G. caparti were examined with reference to G. pulex pulex as an estimate for genetic differentiation at the species level. With G. p. pulex as a standard, genetic differentiation among geographically distant populations of G. cf. fossarum is occasionally observed at species level. The populations of G. caparti studied were shown to be genetically very similar to certain populations of G. fossarum. The taxonomic status of G. caparti and the genetically distinct forms of G. fossarum is discussed.

scholarly journals An overlooked threatened species of eagle: Legge's Hawk Eagle Nisaetus kelaarti (Aves: Accipitriformes)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1792 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. GJERSHAUG ◽  
O. H. DISERUD ◽  
P. C. RASMUSSEN ◽  
D. WARAKAGODA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Primary Projection

Species delimitation is fundamental to many areas of biology, and in cases where taxonomic status has not been sufficiently clarified the ramifications can be as serious as extinction due to the failure to implement conservation measures. Since 1931, the Mountain Hawk Eagle Nisaetus (Spizaetus) nipalensis Hodgson has included the allopatric Sri Lankan and southern Indian taxon N. kelaarti (Legge) as a subspecies, and its taxonomic status has not been re-evaluated. We found that N. kelaarti differs considerably from N. nipalensis in its relatively much larger bill and claws and short primary projection, and that it also differs consistently in numerous plumage characters and other mensural characters. Its vocalizations differ distinctly, and an earlier study found a moderate degree of genetic differentiation (4.4% in cyt b and 3.1% in CR) from N. nipalensis. The available evidence thus strongly and unambiguously supports the specific distinctness of N. kelaarti.

The types of skippers described by Shu-Iti Murayama (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4801 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-290
Author(s):  
HIDEYUKI CHIBA ◽  
HIROSHI TSUKIYAMA ◽  
JIA-YUAN LIANG ◽  
SHOU-MING WANG ◽  
ZONG-YU SHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Subspecies Level ◽  
Subjective Synonym

Fifteen holotypes of Asian Hesperiidae taxa described by Shu-iti Murayama were examined, and their taxonomic status is discussed. We confirm that five are valid names while the rest are synonyms as indicated partially by previous authors. Valid species-level names are Aeromachus matudai (Murayama), Aeromachus bandaishanus Murayama & Shimonoya, Coladenia pinsbukana (Shimonoya & Murayama), and Sebastonyma suthepiana Murayama & Kimura. Valid subspecies-level name is Ochlodes yuchingkina Murayama & Shimonoya. In order to settle the taxonomic status of Pedesta masuriensis cuneomaculata Murayama, masuriensis and tali were studied morphologically and molecularly. As a result, we consider that masuriensis and tali are two different species and treat cuneomaculata as a junior subjective synonym of tali. 

scholarly journals Bioacoustic investigations and taxonomic considerations on the Cicadetta montana species complex (Homoptera: Cicadoidea: Tibicinidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matija Gogala ◽  
Tomi Trilar
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Similar Case ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Type Locality

Recent bioacoustic investigations have shown that Cicadetta montana Scopoli 1772 is a complex of morphologically similar sister species that are best characterized by their song patterns. At the type locality of C. montana, only mountain cicadas with simple, long lasting song phrases were heard, recorded and collected. Therefore, we have good reasons to suggest that this type of song is characteristic for C. montana s. str. Boulard described a song of C. montana from France with phrases composed of a long and a short echeme; this type of song is characteristic for cicadas morphologically corresponding to C. montana var. brevipennis Fieber 1876; we suggest to raise this taxon to species level. On the basis of specific song, Puissant and Boulard described C. cerdaniensis from Pyrénées. A similar case was the discovery and description of C. montana macedonica Schedl 1999 from Macedonia; since these Macedonian cicadas are sympatric with at least two other cryptic species in the C. montana group and molecular investigations showed substantial genetic differences between C. macedonica and C. montana or C. brevipennis, we conclude that this taxon should also be raised to species level. Songs of closely related C. podolica and Korean mountain cicada are presented as well.

scholarly journals Biodiversity Inventory and Distribution of Metriorrhynchina Net-Winged Beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae), with the Identification of Generic Ranges

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 710
Author(s):  
Ladislav Bocak ◽  
Michal Motyka ◽  
Dominik Kusy ◽  
Renata Bilkova
Keyword(s):  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Biodiversity Inventory ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
Northern Edge

We reviewed the species-level classification of Metriorrhynchina net-winged beetles to make the group accessible for further studies. Altogether, 876 valid species are listed in a checklist along with known synonyms, combinations, and distribution data. The compilation of geographic distribution showed that Metriorrhynchina is distributed mainly in the Australian region with very high diversity in the islands at the northern edge of the Australian craton, i.e., in the Moluccas and New Guinea (54 and 423 spp. respectively). The neighboring northern part of the Australian continent houses a majority of known Australian species (112 spp.) and the diversity of net-winged beetles gradually decreases to the south (43 spp.). The fauna of Sulawesi is highly endemic at the generic level (4 of 10 genera, 67 of 84 spp.). Less Metriorrhynchina occur in the Solomon Islands and Oceania (in total 22 spp.). The Oriental Metriorrhynchina fauna consists of a few genera and a limited number of species, and most of these are known from the Philippines (51 of 94 Oriental spp.). We identified a high species level turn-over between all neighboring landmasses. The genus-level endemism is high in Sulawesi (4 genera) and New Guinea (11 genera), but only a single genus is endemic to Australia. During the compilation of the checklist, we identified some homonyms, and we propose the following replacement names and a new synonym: Metriorrhynchus pseudobasalis, nom. nov. for M. basalis Lea, 1921 nec M. basalis Bourgeois, 1911; Metriorrhynchus pseudofunestus, nom. nov. for M. funestus Lea, 1921 nec M. funestus (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), Trichalus pseudoternatensis, nom. nov. for T. ternatensis Kleine, 1930 nec T. ternatensis Bourgeois, 1900, Procautires subparallelus, nom. nov. for P. parallelus (Pic, 1926) nec P. parallelus (Bourgeois, 1883), and Cautires pseudocorporaali, nom. nov. for C. corporaali (Pic, 1921: 12), (formerly Odontocerus and Cladophorus) nec C. corporaali (Pic, 1921) (formerly Bulenides, later Cautires). Diatrichalus biroi Kleine, 1943, syn. nov. is proposed as a junior subjective synonym of D. subarcuatithorax (Pic, 1926). Altogether, 161 new combinations are proposed, and 47 species earlier placed in Xylobanus Waterhouse, 1879 transferred from Cautirina to Metriorrhynchina incertae sedis. The study clarifies the taxonomy of Metriorrhynchini and should serve as a restarting point for further taxonomic, evolutionary, and biogeographic studies.

scholarly journals Influences of oceanic islands and the Pleistocene on the biogeography and evolution of two groups of Australasian parrots (Aves: Psittaciformes: Eclectus roratus, Trichoglossus haematodus complex). Rapid evolution and implications for taxonomy and conservation

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-66
Author(s):  
Michael P. Braun ◽  
Matthias Reinschmidt ◽  
Thomas Datzmann ◽  
David Waugh ◽  
Rafael Zamora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Genetic Evidence ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Avian Diversification

AbstractThe Australasian region is a centre of biodiversity and endemism, mainly based on the tropical climate in combination with the large amount of islands. During the Pleistocene, islands of the Sahul Shelf (Australia, New Guinea, Aru Islands) had been part of the same land mass, while islands within the Wallacea (Lesser Sunda Islands, Moluccas, Sulawesi etc.) remained isolated. We investigated biogeographical avian diversification patterns of two species complexes across the Wallacea and the Sahul Shelf: the Eclectus Parrot Eclectus roratus Wagler, 1832, and the Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus Linnaeus, 1771. Both species are represented by a large number of described geographical subspecies. We used mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) sequences for phylogenetic and network analysis to detect biogeographic roles of islands and avian diversification patterns. The number of threatened taxa in this region is increasing rapidly and there is an urgent need for (sub-)species conservation in this region. Our study provides first genetic evidence for treating several island taxa as distinct species. In both species complexes similar genetic patterns were detected. Genetic diversification was higher across the islands of the Wallacea than across the islands of the Sahul Shelf. Divergence in E. roratus can be dated back about 1.38 million years ago, whereas in the younger T. haematodus it was 0.80 million years ago. Long distance dispersal was the most likely event for distribution patterns across the Wallacea and Sahul Shelf. The geographic origin of the species-complex Eclectus roratus spp. is supposed to be Wallacean, but for the species-complex Trichoglossus haematodus spp. it is supposed to be non-Wallacean. Trichoglossus euteles, so far considered a distinct species, clearly belongs to the Trichoglossus-haematodus-complex. The only case of sympatry in the complex is the distribution of T. (h.) euteles and T. h. capistratus on Timor, which means a rapid evolution from one ancestor into two distinct species within only 800,000 years. For all other taxa a Checkerboard distribution pattern is present. In this complex, 8 taxa are already treated as separate species (del Hoyo et al. 2014). Based on genetic evidence, the following populations are supported to represent phylogenetic units: (1) N New Guinea (haematodus) incl. Biak (rosenbergii), Bismarck Archipelago (massena), and New Caledonia (deplanchii); (2) Flores (weberi); (3) E Australia (moluccanus) incl. Aru Islands (nigrogularis) and S New Guinea (caeruleiceps); (4) N Australia (rubritorquis); (5) Timor 1st lineage (capistratus) incl. Sumba (fortis); (6) Bali and Lombok (mitchellii); (7) Sumbawa (forsteni); (8) Timor 2nd lineage (euteles). Those 8 phylogenetic units are not identical to the 8 species listed by del Hoyo et al. (2014). Several populations on smaller islands are under decline, a separate species status may lead to a higher conservation status in both species complexes, which are currently listed as “Least Concern”. Eclectus roratus is currently treated as monospecific. Based on genetic evidence, the following populations are suggested being treated as valid species: (1) Sumba (Eclectus cornelia), (2) Tanimbar Islands (E. riedeli), (3) Moluccas (E. roratus), and (4) New Guinea (E. polychloros incl. Aru Islands (E. aruensis), and Solomon Island (E. solomonensis).

Taxonomic status of Andersen’s fruit-eating bat (Artibeus jamaicensis aequatorialis) and revised classification of Artibeus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2648 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER A. LARSEN ◽  
MARÍA R. MARCHÁN-RIVADENEIRA ◽  
ROBERT J. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Level ◽  
South American ◽  
Reciprocal Monophyly ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Artibeus Jamaicensis ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies

Fruit-eating bats of the genus Artibeus are widely distributed across the Neotropics and are one of the most recently evolved assemblages of the family Phyllostomidae. Although the taxonomy and systematics of species of Artibeus has been the subject of an intense historical debate, the most current taxonomic arrangements recognize approximately eleven species within the genus. However, recent phylogenetic studies indicate that species diversity within South and Middle American populations of Artibeus is underestimated. South American populations referable to A. jamaicensis aequatorialis are of considerable interest because previous studies of mitochondrial DNA variation identified potential species level variation west of the Andes Mountains. In this study we use morphometric and genetic data (nuclear AFLPs) to investigate the taxonomic status of A. j. aequatorialis. Our results indicate that elevating aequatorialis to species level is appropriate based on statistically supported reciprocal monophyly in mitochondrial and nuclear datasets and diagnostic morphological characters. In light of our results, and of those presented elsewhere, we provide a revised classification of the genus.

Nomenclatural notes on some taxa of Bidessus Sharp and designation of a neotype (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae: Bidessini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4565 (4) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANS FERY
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Modern Material ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Nomina Dubia ◽  
The Stability

The nomenclature of some taxa of the tribe Bidessini is dealt with. Currently, the names of these taxa are mostly interpreted as synonyms of Bidessus unistriatus (Goeze, 1777). The four oldest names for this species are shown to be nomina dubia due to insufficient descriptions and lack of name-bearing types. These names are in their original combinations Dyticus parvulus O.F. Müller, 1776, Dytiscus unistriatus Goeze, 1777, Dytiscus unistriatus Schrank, 1781, and Dyticus monostriatus Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785. The uncertainties of these species-level names also affect the identity of the genus-level names Bidessus Sharp, 1882, and Hydroglyphus Motschulsky, 1853a, meaning that the stability of nomenclature in the tribe Bidessini is considerably threatened. To eliminate this threat by clarifying the taxonomic status and the type locality of each of these nominal taxa, one and the same male specimen is designated as neotype for unistriatus Goeze, unistriatus Schrank and monostriatus Geoffroy in Fourcroy, and thus these three names become objective synonyms. The neotype is selected from modern material collected near Paris (France) because the type localities of all three taxa include "Paris environs". This is the locality from which Geoffroy (1762) described the non-binominal "ditique à une seule strie" and to which is referred in the descriptions of the latter three taxa. To prevent the threat of the stability by the name parvulus O.F. Müller it is intended to make an application to the ICZN in order to suppress this name for the purpose of priority. 

scholarly journals Systematics of the Etheostoma cinereum (Teleostei: Percidae) species complex (subgenus Allohistium)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3277 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN L. POWERS ◽  
BERNARD R. KUHAJDA ◽  
SARAH E. AHLBRAND
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Species Concepts ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Cumberland River

We examined geographic variation within the Ashy Darter, Etheostoma cinereum, of the mitochondrially enconded cyto-chrome b gene (cyt b) and nuclear recombination activation gene 1 (RAG1) as well as pigmentation, 6 meristic variables,and 20 morphometric variables for patterns indicative of speciation within the complex. Four geographically disjunct en-tities were identified by at least one of the datasets corresponding to the Cumberland, Duck, Elk, and upper Tennesseeriver systems. Monophyly of cyt b and RAG1 sequences, modal meristic differences, moderate morphometric divergence,and unique pigmentation in specimens from the Cumberland River suggest this entity represents an evolutionary speciesunder many different species concepts and is described herein as Etheostoma maydeni. Other populations exhibit varyingdegrees of divergence in the different datasets and have conflicting relationships in phylogenetic analyses using cyt b andRAG1 sequences, leaving the evolutionary history and taxonomic status of the Duck, Elk and upper Tennessee populations unclear.

scholarly journals Origin of the eastern brownsnake, Pseudonaja textilis (Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril) (Serpentes: Elapidae: Hydrophiinae) in New Guinea: evidence of multiple dispersals from Australia, and comments on the status of Pseudonaja textilis pughi Hoser 2003

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1703 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID J. WILLIAMS ◽  
MARK O'SHEA ◽  
ROLAND L. DAGUERRE ◽  
CATHARINE E. POOK ◽  
WOLFGANG WÜSTER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Arnhem Land ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Western Migration

Pseudonaja textilis is a widespread and common snake in eastern parts of Australia, but its distribution in New Guinea is poorly understood, and the origin of the New Guinea populations and its timing have been the subject of much speculation. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences from three New Guinea populations of P. textilis indicates that New Guinea was colonised from two independent eastern and western migration routes most likely in the Pleistocene. One dispersal event from northern Queensland led to the populations in eastern New Guinea (Milne Bay, Oro and Central Provinces, Papua New Guinea), whereas another, from Arnhem Land to central southern New Guinea, led to the populations from the Merauke area, Indonesian Papua. The results are consistent with the effects of Pleistocene sea level changes on the physical geography of Australasia, and are thus suggestive of a natural rather than anthropogenic origin of the New Guinea populations. The taxonomic status of the New Guinean populations is discussed.

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