Phylogenetic review of dobsonflies of the subfamily Corydalinae and the genus Corydalus Latreille (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2862 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATILANO CONTRERAS-RAMOS
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Species Pair ◽  
Species Phylogeny ◽  
The World ◽  
Guayana Shield ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses

Phylogenetic relationships of the World genera of dobsonflies, subfamily Corydalinae, are reappraised, as well as those of species of the New World genus Corydalus, both on the basis of morphological characters. Previous phylogenetic hypotheses of dobsonfly genera by Glorioso, Penny, and Contreras-Ramos, respectively, are re-evaluated, and a fourth revised phylogeny is presented. Ninety-five characters of 10 taxa, one outgroup and nine ingroup taxa, were used in the updated analysis of Corydalinae. It recognizes four lineages, with Chloroniella as sister to the other three, of which the Nevromus lineage (Acanthacorydalis + Nevromus + Neoneuromus) is sister to the Corydalus lineage (Chloronia + Platyneuromus + Corydalus), and both as a group are sister to the Protohermes lineage (Protohermes + Neurhermes). The main changes in the updated Corydalinae phylogeny are the placement of Chloroniella as sister to all other dobsonfly genera, and the placement of Acanthacorydalis as a member of the Nevromus lineage. Previously, Penny had proposed Chloroniella as sister to all dobsonfly genera except the Protohermes lineage, and both Glorioso and Penny, respectively, placed Acanthacorydalis as sister to the Corydalus lineage. About Corydalus, its species phylogeny is herein updated, as four species from Venezuela were added to the genus after its taxonomic revision. For the new phylogeny, 120 characters of 35 taxa, two outgroup and 33 ingroup taxa, were used. It produced a strict consensus of two trees, better resolved than the previous one. The C. arpi species group is moved to sister of all other species except the C. cephalotes species pair, while the C. batesii species group is conserved, being the only unresolved group within the phylogeny. Two of the species added, C. hayashii and C. mayri, belong to the well defined C. arpi species group, of Guayana Shield affinity, whereas C. crossi is sister to a large and widespread group beginning with the C. nubilus species group, and C. clavijoi is sister to C. tesselatus within the latter group.

scholarly journals Latin America in Global History: An Historiographic Overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (60) ◽  
pp. 253-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Olstein
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
World History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Global History ◽  
The World ◽  
Last Ice Age ◽  
Great Divergence

Abstract World history can be arranged into three major regional divergences: the 'Greatest Divergence' starting at the end of the last Ice Age (ca. 15,000 years ago) and isolating the Old and the New Worlds from one another till 1500; the 'Great Divergence' bifurcating the paths of Europe and Afro-Asia since 1500; and the 'American Divergence' which divided the fortunes of New World societies from 1500 onwards. Accordingly, all world regions have confronted two divergences: one disassociating the fates of the Old and New Worlds, and the other within either the Old or the New World. Latin America is in the uneasy position that in both divergences it ended up on the 'losing side.' As a result, a contentious historiography of Latin America evolved from the very moment that it was incorporated into the wider world. Three basic attitudes toward the place of Latin America in global history have since emerged and developed: admiration for the major impact that the emergence on Latin America on the world scene imprinted on global history; hostility and disdain over Latin America since it entered the world scene; direct rejection of and head on confrontation in reaction the former. This paper examines each of these three attitudes in five periods: the 'long sixteenth century' (1492-1650); the 'age of crisis' (1650-1780); 'the long nineteenth century' (1780-1914); 'the short twentieth century' (1914-1991); and 'contemporary globalization' (1991 onwards).

Taxonomic revision of species of Haematoloechus Looss, 1899 (Digenea: Plagiorchioidea), with molecular phylogenetic analysis and the description of three new species from Mexico

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4526 (3) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIRGINIA LEÓN-RÈGAGNON ◽  
JANET TOPAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Nomen Nudum ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Species Inquirendae

Lung flukes of the genus Haematoloechus Looss, 1899 are common parasites of anurans worldwide, but the taxonomy of the group has been confusing. In this taxonomic revision, 89 species of Haematoloechus (= Pneumonoeces Looss, 1902, Ostioloides Odening, 1960, Ostiolum Pratt, 1903, Skrjabinoeces Sudarikov, 1950, Neohaematoloechus Odening, 1960, Metahaematoloechus Yamaguti, 1971) are listed. Of these, 70 are considered valid, three are species inquirendae (H. legrandi Mañé–Garzón & Gil, 1959, H. latoricensis Kozák, 1968 & H. vitelloconfluentum (Rai, 1962) Saeed, Al–Barwari & Al-Harmni, 2007), one is a nomen nudum H. sudarikovi Belouss, 1962, 14 are junior synonyms and one belongs to Ostioloides. This publication also describes three new species, H. occidentalis n. sp., H. veracruzanus n. sp. and H. mexicanus n. sp., parasitizing species of Rana Linnaeus in Mexico and redescribes Haematoloechus caballeroi (Skrjabin & Antipin, 1962) Yamaguti, 1971. The phylogenetic hypotheses based on sequences of mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA of Haematoloechus spp. show that genera proposed on the basis of morphological characters are not supported. The host records for species of Haematoloechus, together with the phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus, suggest that this host-parasite association predates the ranid diversification in the Cretaceous. 

A cladistic analysis of the Old World species of Lotus L. (Fabaceae: Loteae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M Arambarri
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
World Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Species Phylogeny ◽  
The World

The diagnostic characters of the genus Lotus L. are a claw with a thickened infolded margin, diadelphous stamens, and a style hardened from the base. This genus contains about 100 species that are distributed throughout the world. To investigate the phylogeny of the Old World species of Lotus, subgenus Edentolotus, sections Krokeria, Xantholotus, and Erythrolotus, a cladistic analysis was performed using 31 morphological characters. To test the phylogenetic relationships among species of Lotus-Edentolotus and Dorycnium, Pedrosia, and Tetragonolobus, these taxa were included as part of the ingroup. The polarity of the characters was based on the outgroup comparison method, using Anthyllis as one outgroup and Tripodion as another. The analysis with Anthyllis as outgroup yielded eight equally parsimonious trees (with all characters equally weighted), each with 62 steps, a consistency index of 0.53, and a retention index of 0.75. All trees (including the strict consensus tree from the eight initial trees) showed that genus Lotus, subgenus Edentolotus, and sections Xantholotus and Erythrolotus are polyphyletic, with only section Krokeria appearing as monophyletic. On the other hand, the groups of species Lotus angustissimus, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus creticus, and Lotus peregrinus are monophyletic. Identical results were derived from the data matrix using Tripodion as the outgroup. Results are compared with previous cytogenetic and biochemical evidence.Key words: cladistic analysis, Fabaceae, Loteae, Lotus, Old World species, phylogeny.

The Ferry

Antiquity ◽  
1944 ◽  
Vol 18 (71) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
F. W. Robins
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Sacramento River ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The 19Th Century

The story of the ferry is, at the outset, the story of the boat. It begins with prehistoric man noticing that wood will float and possibly, from the riding of birds and small animals, that it will carry a burden according to its size and character. Observant and imitative, the human animal, in the childhood of the world, proceeds to experiment gingerly and doubtfully at first, boldly and confidently—perhaps in some cases too boldly and confidently, later. He mounts himself astride a log and propels it, probably at first with his legs, towards the opposite bank of the river near which he lives. On the other side lies a new world, with resources untapped, especially in the matter of food, which he is anxious to reach. Even in the middle of the 19th century Pickering (Races of Man) speaks of men in the tide waters of the Sacramento river crossing, standing on split logs.

Taxonomic revision of the “mexicanus” group of the genus Vaejovis C. L. Koch, 1836 (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4596 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
CONTRERAS-FÉLIX GERARDO A. ◽  
FRANCKE B. OSCAR F.
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Time

Within the scorpion genus Vaejovis C.L. Koch, the “mexicanus” group is composed of species distributed in the mountains of México. This group presents taxonomic problems, because its characterization and the species included in the group have varied through the years. In the present work, we redefine this group based on several morphological characters, and we differentiate it from the other two species groups within the genus: “vorhiesi” and “nit dulus+nigrescens”. Additionally, five new species are described: Vaejovis ceboruco sp. nov., Vaejovis nanchititla sp. nov., Vaejovis santibagnezi sp. nov., Vaejovis talpa sp. nov. and Vaejovis tapalpa sp. nov; the males of three species are described for the first time (V. dugesi, V. nigrofemoratus and V. tesselatus); and the updated diagnosis for all species is included. Keys for the identification of males and females of the 30 species included in this group are given. Lastly, notes on the natural history and distribution of some species are provided, with maps of known distribution for all the species.

Six new species of the genus Chevalia Walker, 1904 (Amphipoda, Corophiidea, Chevaliidae) from Brazilian waters, with a key to world species of the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2713 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
JESSER F. SOUZA-FILHO ◽  
ANA MARIA T. SOUZA ◽  
MARIA TERESA VALÉRIO-BERARDO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Proximal Margin ◽  
World Species ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Cephalic Lobe ◽  
Group I ◽  
The World

Six new species of the genus Chevalia are described from the Brazilian coast using all morphological characters proposed by Barnard & Thomas (1987) and Lazo-Wazen (1999) with two more: the shape of head proximal margin of lateral cephalic lobe and length ratio of uropod 2 rami: C. anomala sp. nov.; C. caetes sp. nov.; C. convexa sp. nov.; C. marajoara sp. nov.; C. thomasi sp. nov.; and C. setosa sp. nov. This paper raises the total number of recognized world species in this genus to 13. The genus is herein subdivided into three groups, based only on the shape of the basis of pereopod 7: group I – rectangular basis of pereopod 7 with a protuberant posteroventral corner, comprises four species; group II – rectangular basis of pereopod 7 lacking a protuberant posteroventral corner, comprises three species; and group III – ovate basis of pereopod 7, comprises seven species. A key of the world Chevalia species is also provided.

A taxonomic revision of Cryptostegia R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae: Periplocoideae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Marohasy ◽  
PI Forster
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Narrow Zone ◽  
The World

The genus Cvptostegia R. Br. comprises two species, both of which are endemic to Madagascar. One species, C. grandiflora Roxb. ex R. Br., is widely naturalised in tropical regions of the world. The other species, C. madagascariensis Bojer ex Decne., comprises three varieties, of which C. madagascariensis var. glaberrima (Hochreutiner) J. Marohasy & P. Forster is a new combination, and C. madagascariensis var. septentrionalis J. Marohasy & P. Forster is newly described. Interspecific hybrids occur in a narrow zone where the two species are sympatric.

scholarly journals Ambispora gerdemannii and Glomus badium, two species of arbuscular fungi (Glomeromycota) new for Europe and Poland, respectively

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Beata Czerniawska ◽  
Sławomir Kowalczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Turnau ◽  
Szymon Zubek
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World

Morphological characters of spores, as well as sporocarps and spores of <em>Ambispora gerdemannii</em> and <em>Glomus badium</em>, respectively, arbuscular fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota, are described and illustrated. Additionally, the known distribution of these species in both Poland and the other regions of the world is presented. <em>Ambispora gerdemannii</em> was not earlier reported from Europe, and <em>G. badium</em> is a new fungus for Poland.

scholarly journals A taxonomic revision of Australian Conopidae (Insecta: Diptera)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2581 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGARET A SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
The World ◽  
High Degree ◽  
World Fauna ◽  
Female Genital

A taxonomic revision of the Australian Conopidae is presented. Nineteen genera in four subfamilies are recognised. The Stylogasterinae are represented by the cosmopolitan genus Stylogaster Macquart and the Myopinae by Myopa Fabricius and Thecophora Rondani. A monotypic genus, Notoconops gen. nov., is described and placed in a new subfamily, Notoconopinae. The remaining fifteen Australian genera are assigned to the Conopinae. Australoconops Camras, Chrysidiomyia Kröber, Conops Linnaeus, Delkeskampomyia Kröber, Heteroconops Kröber, Microconops Kröber, Neoconops Kröber, Pleurocerina Macquart, Physocephala Schiner, Smartiomyia Kröber and Stenoconops Kröber are redescribed. Four new conopine genera are described: Atrichoparia; Camrasiconops; Setosiconops; and Tanyconops, with the following resultant new combinations: Atrichoparia curticornis (Kröber) (from Heteroconops); Camrasiconops ater (Camras) and Ca. rufofemoris (Camras) (from Microconops); and Setosiconops robustus (Kröber) (from Neoconops). Callosiconops Kröber and Paraconops Kröber are regarded as junior synonyms of Chrysidiomyia and Pleurocerina respectively with the following resultant new combinations: Chrysidiomyia hirsuta (Kröber), Pleurocerina aristalis (Camras), P. longicornis (Kröber), P. nigrifacies (Kröber), P. similis (Kröber), P. turneri (Camras). A total of 100 species of Australian Conopidae are now recognised. No new species of Myopinae or Stylogasterinae are described. Representative species only of Atrichoparia, Camrasiconops, Heteroconops and Microconops are described. All species of the other 12 genera are described or redescribed. These include the following 45 new species,: Australoconops aglaos, A. aurantius, A. balteus, A. breviplatus, A. brunneus, A. camrasi, A. cantrelli, A. elegans, A. fulvitarsus, A. furvus, A. nebrias, A. neuter, A. pallorivittus, A. phaeomeros, A. ruficrus, A. vespoides; Chrysidiomyia rugifrons, C. setosa; Conops aureolus, C. badius, C. chvalai, C. sparsus; Heteroconops carnarvonensis; Neoconops brevistylus, N. glaber; Notoconops alexanderi, Pleurocerina aquila, P. brevis, P. chrysopyga, P. lamellata, P. lutea,P. luteiceps, P. occidua, P. saxatilis, P. scutellata, P. vespiformis; Setosiconops epixanthus, Se. similis, Smartiomyia arena, Sm. cerina, Sm. danielsi, Sm. macalpinei; Tanyconops longicaudus, T. luteus, T. ocellatus. Australoconops ocellatus (de Meijere) comb. nov. is resurrected from synonymy with A. aurosus (Newman). Conops demeijerei Kröber is considered a junior synonym of C. seminiger de Meijere. A lectotype and paralectotypes are designated for Microconops fasciatus Kröber. Anatomical features used in descriptions are discussed and illustrated. Special attention has been given to the ultrastructure of spicules on female genital structures. These spicules show differences between genera and species. The high degree of endemism of the Australian fauna is discussed in relation to the world fauna and some preliminary thoughts on phylogenetic relationships are presented. A catalogue of the Australian Conopidae is included as an Appendix.

scholarly journals Taxonomy and phylogeny of New World Polyplectropus Ulmer, 1905 (Trichoptera: Psychomyioidea: Polycentropodidae) with the description of 39 new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2582 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA LOURDES CHAMORRO ◽  
RALPH W. HOLZENTHAL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Bayesian Methods ◽  
New World ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Biogeographic Region ◽  
Parsimony Tree ◽  
Group A ◽  
Species Groups

The taxonomy of the New World species of Polyplectropus (Ulmer, 1905a) is revised to include detailed male and female diagnoses, descriptions, illustrations, distribution records, and keys to males of all species and species groups. A phylogenetic analysis based on 59 morphological characters, 89 of 92 (97%) New World Polyplectropus species, and 2 outgroup taxa was inferred using parsimony and Bayesian methods, which resulted in minor topological differences. Conflicting estimates of relationship among and within most species groups led to a less resolved Bayesian tree (vs. parsimony tree) due to high variation in rates of change among characters and an overall low number of characters. A new classification for New World Polyplectropus is proposed with revised characterization of 10 recognized species groups, 6 newly established. Four species remain unassigned to species group. A key to genera of New World Polycentropodidae, including a redescription of Polyplectropus is provided. The homology of the male genitalia of Polyplectropus is discussed. Ninety-two species are treated. The following 39 new species are described: Polyplectropus adamsae (Peru), P. alatespinus (Brazil), P. amazonicus (Brazil), P. andinensis (Argentina, Bolivia), P. blahniki (Venezuela), P. bolivianus (Bolivia), P. brasilensis (Brazil), P. brborichorum (Ecuador), P. cressae (Venezuela), P. colombianus (Colombia), P. corniculatus (Peru), P. cuzcoensis (Peru), P. ecuadoriensis (Ecuador), P. flintorum (Venezuela), P. gaesum (Brazil), P. guyanae (Guyana, Venezuela), P. hollyae (Brazil), P. hystricosus (Brazil), P. insularis (Panama), P. juliae (Brazil), P. kanukarum (Guyana), P. maculatus (Venezuela), P. manuensis (Peru), P. matatlanticus (Brazil), P. minensium (Brazil), P. novafriburgensis (Brazil), P. peruvianus (Peru), P. petrae (Brazil), P. pratherae (Brazil), P. puyoensis (Ecuador), P. robertsonae (Bolivia), P. rodmani (Brazil), P. rondoniensis (Brazil), P. tragularius (Brazil), P. tripunctatum (Peru), P. venezolanus (Venezuela), P. woldai (Panama), P. zamoranoensis (Honduras), and P. zuliae (Venezuela). Polyplectropus buchwaldi (Ulmer, 1911) is designated as a nomen dubium.Key words: phylogeny, taxonomy, Neotropics, Nearctric, Bayesian methods, parsimony, classification, cladistics, morphology, Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae, Polyplectropus, new speciesThe polycentropodid caddisfly genus Polyplectropus Ulmer contains 219 species found primarily in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with 125 species recorded from the Oriental biogeographic region, 53 from the Neotropical region (6 species extending their ranges into the Nearctic region), 37 from the

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