World-Around-Us Lesson in the Third Grade: “Diversity of the Animal World (Fauna)”

The article offers for consideration a variant of a lesson on the subject “The World-Around-Us”, which is held in the third grade based on the use of the educational and methodological set “Primary School of the XXI century”. The purpose of the lesson, which is part of the “Kingdoms of Nature” section, is to provide students with new knowledge about the diversity of the animal world. The high working capacity of junior schoolchildren during the entire period of the lesson is ensured by the use of various types of tasks that require constant mental activity, reasonable alternation of material of varying degrees of complexity, and the inclusion of elements of art pedagogy in the educational process. The use of art-pedagogical techniques allows the third graders to be informed as effectively as possible about the real results of their studies. Figuratively speaking, junior schoolchildren “put new knowledge in a portfolio and take it with them”, that is, they discover the expansion of their knowledge on the topic under study as a visual result of their activities in the lesson.

Three new species of the genus Araeopteron Hampson, 1893 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Boletobiinae) from the Xizang Autonomous Region, China with an updated list of the world species

Three new species of the genus Araeopteron Hampson, 1893: A. dawaisp. nov., A. medogensissp. nov. and A. tibetasp. nov. are described from Motuo (= Medog) County of the Xizang Autonomous Region (= Tibet), China. The imagines as well as the male genitalia are illustrated. A checklist of the 45 species of the genus Araeopteron in the world fauna is presented, including recently and presently described species.

Description of a new water mite species of the genus Thyopsis (Protz, 1899) (Acari, Hydrachnidia: Hydryphantidae) from Kazakhstan

The world fauna of the genus Thyopsis Piersig, 1899 currently includes the following species: Th. amarginata Habeeb, 1963, Th. cancellata (Protz, 1896), Th. cancellatomima Bader, 1983, Th. majorella Habeeb, 1975, Th. oezkani Bader, 1983 and Th. rothae Oezkan, 1982 (Bader 1983). However, the taxonomic status of Th. cancellatomima remains not clear, Gerecke & Schwoerbel (1992) regarded this species as a junior synonym of Th. cancellata.

Homologous series by Nikolai Vavilov in the phylogeny of Homoptera

The paper briefly discusses the most impressive examples of the Nikolai Vavilov’s “Law of homologous series” in the evolution of one of the largest animal groups, homopterous insects, which comprise about 65,000 recent species in the world fauna. Different taxonomic and phylogenetic characters (morpho-anatomical, cytogenetic, reproductive and others) are considered at the taxonomic ranks of the order, suborder, superfamily and family.

Homologous series by Nikolai Vavilov in the phylogeny of Homoptera

The paper briefly discusses the most impressive examples of the Nikolai Vavilov’s “Law of homologous series” in the evolution of one of the largest animal groups, homopterous insects, which comprise about 65,000 recent species in the world fauna. Different taxonomic and phylogenetic characters (morpho-anatomical, cytogenetic, reproductive and others) are considered at the taxonomic ranks of the order, suborder, superfamily and family.

Replacement name for Cleta Mulsant, 1850 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Epilachnini)

Recently the classification of the ladybird beetles’ tribe Epilachnini was revised based on morphological and molecular data (Szawaryn et al. 2015, Tomaszewska & Szawaryn 2016). Based on these findings a new classification of the tribe was proposed. The genus Epilachna Chevrolat in Dejean, 1837 sensu lato was split into several clades, with Epilachna sensu stricto limited to New World fauna, and one of the Afrotropical clades, formerly defined as Epilachna sahlbergi-group (Fürsch 1963), has been named Chazeauiana Tomaszewska & Szawaryn, 2015 (Szawaryn et al. 2015), with Epilachna sahlbergi Mulsant, 1850 as the type species. However, that taxon received an unnecessary replacement name, as Mulsant (1850) already described a subgenus of Epilachna named Cleta distributed in Afrotropics, with Epilachna eckloni Mulsant, 1850 as the type species, which also belongs to the E. sahlbergi-group. Consequently Cleta has been elevated to the genus level (Tomaszewska & Szawaryn 2016) and Chazeuiana was synonymized with Cleta as a junior synonym. Nonetheless, authors (Tomaszewska & Szawaryn 2016) were not aware that the name Cleta is preoccupied. It appeared that Duponchel (1845) established the genus Cleta in the family Geometridae (Lepidoptera) that makes Cleta Mulsant (1850) a junior homonym. Therefore, we propose here Afrocleta nom. nov. as a replacement name for Cleta Mulsant, 1850.

METAPHORICAL MODELS OF THE CONCEPTUAL SPHERE «GRATITUDE» IN RUSSIAN PAROEMIC DISCOURCE

В работе путем семантического и контекстуального анализа рассматриваются русские паремические единицы, вербализующие понятийную сферу «благодарность», отобранные из сборника пословиц В. И. Даля. Актуальность исследования обусловлена важностью рассматриваемого фрагмента паремического дискурса для выявления характерных черт и особенностей базовых концептов русской лингвокультуры. Формирование данного чувства способствует развитию социальной эмпатии, построению нравственных и ценностных ориентиров членов сообщества. Анализ феномена благодарности, отраженного в архаичном сознании русского народа, позволяет проследить его трансформацию в социуме. В работе рассматриваются некоторые философские и психологические основания феномена «благодарность», основные субсферы метафоризации, базовые метафорические модели, их фреймовые структуры и слоты. Были выявлены метафорические модели субсфер «человек», «природа», «артефакты», «социум». Субсфера «человек» репрезентируется метафорическими моделями «Благодарность - человеческий организм», «Благодарность - действия человека». Метафорические модели субсферы «природа» представлены миром животных, миром растений и небесными телами. Метафорические модели субсферы «социум» содержат слоты, связанные с религией и пенитенциарными учреждениями. Субсфера «артефакты» репрезентируется фреймами «еда и напитки», «одежда», «деньги», «ткани», «инструменты» и некоторыми другими. Самой значительной по количеству является группа антропоморфных метафор, насчитывающая 38 единиц (41,8 %); группа артефактных метафор включает 31 единицу (34 %); природоморфные метафоры составляют 14 единиц (15,4 %) и группа социоморфных метафор представлена 8 единицами (8,8 %). The article considers the semantic and contextual analysis of Russian paroemic units verbalizing a conceptual sphere Gratitude. The units were selected from the book of proverbs by V. Dahl. This conceptual sphere is important to reveal characteristic features of basic concepts in Russian linguoculture. The formation of this feeling and emotion contributes to the development of social empathy, creation of moral values in society. The analysis of the phenomenon of gratitude reflected in the archaic consciousness of Russian people helps to observe its transformation in social continuum. The article considers some philosophical and psychological aspects of gratitude in Russian archaic consciousness, basic metaphorization subspheres, their frame structures and slots; reveals metaphorical models of subspheres Man, Nature, Artifact, Socium. The subsphere Man is represented by the metaphorical models Human Body and Actions Performed by Man. Metaphorical models of the subsphere Nature contain Flora World, Fauna World and Celestial Bodies. Frame structures of the subsphere Socium are verbalized by the slots connected with religion and penitentiary institutions. The subsphere Artifacts is represented by the models Food and Drinks, Clothes, Money, Fabrics, Instruments. The group of anthropomorphical metaphors is the largest one containing 38 units (41,8 %); the second one is the group of artifact metaphors with 31 units (34 %); the third place is taken by phytomorphical metaphors - 14 units (15,4 %) and sociomorphical group is the last one with 8 units (8,8 %).

Cladistic analysis of Ligyra sensu lato (Diptera: Bombyliidae), with description of a new genus

Exoprosopini is one of the largest tribes of bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). It is divided into 21 genera of which only Ligyra has a cosmopolitan distribution. The genus Ligyra s.l. has 111 species, 20 of which have been recorded in the New World. A cladistic analysis was implemented with aims to establish the phylogenetic relationships of Ligyra species and to test the monophyly of the genus. A matrix of morphological characters available in the literature was used. The cladistic analysis had 97 terminal taxa and 207 morphological characters resulting in 12 maximum parsimonious trees (MPTs). Our investigation shows variations in the phylogenetic status of Exoprosopini genera when compared to the previous hypothesis, especially for Euligyra and Ligyra s.s., and the relationships between Euligyra, Hyperalonia, Ligyra s.s. and Litorhina. Cladistic analysis clarified the phylogenetic relationships within Ligyra s.l. The New World fauna previously included in Ligyra are placed in a new genus, herein erected. A novel monophyletic clade is composed of the genera: Euligyra, Hyperalonia, Ligyra s.s. and Nyia gen. nov. Our results also support the resurrection of Anthrax trifigurata from synonymy with Ligyra cerberus and its new combination with the new erected genus as Nyia trifiguratacomb. nov. & stat. rev.