Sparisoma tuiupiranga, a new species of parrotfish (Perciformes: Labroidei: Scaridae) from Brazil, with comments on the evolution of the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 384 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOÃO LUIZ GASPARINI ◽  
JEAN-CHRISTOPHE JOYEUX ◽  
SERGIO R. FLOETER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Terminal Phase ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Rocky Reefs ◽  
Gill Raker ◽  
A New Species

Sparisoma tuiupiranga sp. n. is described from the holotype and six paratypes obtained from two coastal islands of southeastern Brazil (20° S). The species shares with S. atomarium (Poey) a number of characteristics, including the single mid-ventral scale posterior to the insertion of the pelvic fins. It differs in respect to numerous other characters, among them heavier body proportions (body depth 42.5–47.0 %SL vs. 33.2–36.5 in S. atomarium), longer snout (13.1–14.6 %SL vs. 9.4–10.6), smaller orbit diameter (6.0–7.9 %SL vs. 8.0–10.2), higher gill raker number (17–18 vs. 12–16), darker terminal phase color (both in life and alcohol-preserved), and larger size (to 154.4mm SL vs. about 81). The known distribution extends from about 18° S to 27° S in the western Atlantic. This predominantly scraping species inhabits rocky reefs and associated macroalgae beds. The clade S. atomarium–S. tuiupiranga appears to be basal in the phylogeny of Sparisoma. The idea that one can partition scarinines and sparisomatines by historical association with different habitats (coral reefs vs. seagrass) seems too simplistic.

scholarly journals Sparisoma choati, a new species of Parrotfish (Labridae: Scarinae) from the tropical eastern Atlantic

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3152 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIZ A. ROCHA ◽  
ALBERTO BRITO ◽  
D. ROSS ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Dark Spot ◽  
Terminal Phase ◽  
Rocky Reefs ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Sao Tome And Principe ◽  
Eastern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
A New Species

The parrotfish Sparisoma choati is described from the tropical eastern Atlantic Ocean. It is genetically unique and alsodiffers from its congeners by coloration as follows: initial phase individuals and females greyish brown to greyish red,with chin and belly paler and reddish brown scales irregularly distributed along flanks resulting in a general mottled ap-pearance; terminal phase individuals with brownish red head and upper half of anterior two-thirds of body, ventral portionof central third of body bright yellow-green, posterior third of body dark greenish gray and dark spot on upper fifth ofpectoral fin base. The new species is found in rocky reefs along the coast and oceanic islands off West Africa, from Cape Verde and Senegal south to the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe and Angola.

Halichoeres sazimai, a new species of wrasse (Perciformes: Labridae) from the Western South Atlantic

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2092 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
OSMAR J. LUIZ ◽  
CARLOS E. L. FERREIRA ◽  
LUIZ A. ROCHA
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New Species ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Rocky Reefs ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
A New Species

Halichoeres sazimai, n. sp. is described from the Western South Atlantic. During many years it was misidentified as H. bathyphilus from the Northwestern Atlantic, but it can be distinguished from the latter by striking color differences between the two species, with H. sazimai being characterized by a white body with a midline, zigzag patterned stripe on body, black and brownish in terminal males and yellow or golden in females and juveniles. Preserved specimens can also be distinguished by the visible mid-body stripe in H. sazimai, which disappears in H. bathyphilus. Diagnostic differences in the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene separate H. sazimai from all other Western Atlantic labrids, with H. bathyphilus being its sister species. Individuals of H. sazimai were observed living on the deeper parts (20-40 m) of rocky reefs and sand bottoms, apparently associated with water temperatures lower than 18°C. This species is currently known from the southeastern and southern coasts of Brazil, from Espírito Santo to Santa Catarina States.

scholarly journals Sparisoma rocha, a new species of parrotfish (Actinopterygii: Labridae) from Trindade Island, South-western Atlantic

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2493 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUDSON TERCIO PINHEIRO ◽  
JOÃO LUIZ GASPARINI ◽  
IVAN SAZIMA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Terminal Phase ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Trindade Island ◽  
A New Species

A new species of parrotfish, Sparisoma rocha sp. n., is described from Trindade Island off South-eastern Brazil. It differs from its Western Atlantic congeners by the unique colour pattern of live and freshly preserved individuals: initial phase red overall with a brownish shade from lower jaw to over the abdominal cavity, sparse orange blotches on head, and pale circumpeduncular band; terminal phase reddish brown with orange stripe from jaw angle to end of preopercle, sparse orange blotches on head, three pinkish to reddish stripes from about midline to dorsum, from midline to belly pale greyish green to whitish with suffusion of pale reddish brown, a black spot on base of pectoral fins and a bright-yellow blotch below this spot. Additionally, mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA loci sequences do not match any known Sparisoma species. The new parrotfish increases to six the species of the genus Sparisoma recorded from South-western Atlantic.

scholarly journals A new species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from coastal basins in the Atlantic Rainforest of eastern Brazil, with phylogenetic and phylogeographic insights into the Characidium alipioi species group

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandro Malanski ◽  
Luisa Maria Sarmento-Soares ◽  
Ana Cecilia Gomes Silva-Malanski ◽  
Maridiesse Morais Lopes ◽  
Leonardo Ferreira da Silva Ingenito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Caudal Peduncle ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Coastal Basins ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Pelvic Fin

ABSTRACT A new species of Characidium from southeastern Brazil is described based on morphological and molecular evidence from specimens collected between the rio Jucuruçu and rio Doce basins. The new species belongs to a group of species within Characidium with an unscaled area in the isthmus and is distinguished from these species, except C. alipioi, C. fasciatum, C. hasemani, and C. kamakan, by the greater distance (greater than 10% SL) and presence of 5-7 scales between the anus and the anal fin, and presence of 14 series of scales around the caudal peduncle. The species is distinguished from C. alipioi by having 4 series of scales above the lateral line (vs. 5 series) and greater distance between the anus and the anal fin; from C. fasciatum and C. kamakan, by the smaller body depth at the dorsal-fin origin, at the anal-fin origin, and at the caudal peduncle; from C. hasemani, by the short distances between the tip of the snout and the pelvic fin, the tip of the snout and the anal fin, and the tip of the snout and the tip of anal fin. The new species forms a presumably monophyletic group with C. alipioi and C. kamakan.

scholarly journals Description of Cathorops mapale, a new species of sea catfish (Siluriformes: Ariidae) from the Colombian Caribbean, based on morphological and mitochondrial evidence

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1045 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICARDO BETANCUR-R. ◽  
Arturo A. ACERO P.
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Gill Arch ◽  
Gill Rakers ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Gill Raker ◽  
The Guianas ◽  
A New Species

A new species of sea catfish (Ariidae), Cathorops mapale, is described from the central and southwestern Colombian Caribbean coast. The species is distinguished from other Cathorops species from the western Atlantic by the following combination of features: 20–24 anterior gill rakers on first gill arch, 18–21 anterior gill rakers on second gill arch; maxillary barbels 27.8–39.3% standard length; medial head groove long and deep, extending posteriorly almost to supraoccipital keel. This species has been widely misidentified as C. spixii (Agassiz), a species known from Brazil to the Guianas. Based on mitochondrial evidence (cytochrome b and ATP synthase 8/6), C. mapale is more closely related to the eastern Pacific C. fuerthii (Steindachner) species group (2.2–2.8% sequence divergence) than to the C. spixii clade (5.9–6.2% sequence divergence). C. mapale is distinguished from the C. fuerthii group by having higher anterior gill raker counts on the first (14–15 in the C. fuerthii group) and second (15–17 in the C. fuerthii group) gill arches, and by having a smaller mouth (8.3–10.6% standard length in C. mapale and 11.0–11.6% standard length in the C. fuerthii group).

Silurichthys ligneolus, a new catfish (Teleostei: Siluridae) from southern Borneo, Indonesia

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2793 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
HEOK HEE NG ◽  
HEOK HUI TAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Branchial Arch ◽  
Caudal Peduncle ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Eye Diameter ◽  
Gill Raker ◽  
A New Species

Silurichthys ligneolus, a new species of silurid catfish, is described from blackwater habitats in southern Borneo. The new species can be distinguished from congeners in having a combination of: body depth at anus 9.1–11.0% SL, caudal peduncle depth 4.7–5.5% SL, eye diameter 6.7–9.8% HL, pelvic fins present, 44–45 anal-fin rays, 3–4 principal rays on the lower caudal-fin lobe, lower lobe of caudal fin indistinct, 46–48 vertebrae, one gill raker on the first branchial arch, and body uniformly brown. Based on the morphology of its caudal fin, S. ligneolus is hypothesized to be the sister taxon of S. sanguineus.

Morphological and molecular systematics of the ‘Monanchora arbuscula complex’ (Poecilosclerida : Crambeidae), with the description of five new species and a biogeographic discussion of the genus in the Tropical Western Atlantic

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo L. Esteves ◽  
Thiago S. de Paula ◽  
Clea Lerner ◽  
Gisele Lôbo-Hajdu ◽  
Eduardo Hajdu
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Centres Of Diversity ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Rrna Sequences ◽  
16S Rrna Sequences

Monanchora Carter, 1883 is a genus of shallow-water marine sponges comprising 16 species distributed worldwide, two of them in the Tropical Western Atlantic (TWA): M. arbuscula (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) and M. brasiliensis Esteves, Lerner, Lôbo-Hajdu & Hajdu, 2012. The former species stands out as one of the most variable demosponges, and is very similar in spicule complement and in secondary metabolite chemistry to the Mediterranean/eastern Atlantic Crambe crambe (Schmidt, 1862), type species of Crambe Vosmaer, 1880. The aim of the present study was to revise the genus Monanchora in the TWA. In addition, we critically analyse the monophyly of Crambe and Monanchora. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses of 28S and 16S rRNA sequences of the latter genera, and a redescription of the ‘M. arbuscula complex’, revealed three species: M. arbuscula s.s., M. coccinea, sp. nov. and a new species of Acarnidae – Iophon parvachela, sp. nov. Three other new species from the TWA previously assigned to Monanchora were revealed by morphological analyses, and are also described: M. bahamensis, sp. nov., M. megasigmifera, sp. nov. and a new species of Chondropsidae – Batzella catarinensis, sp. nov. A key for species identification is provided. Our results suggest that the Eastern Brazil and Southeastern Brazil Ecoregions may represent centres of diversity for Monanchora in the TWA.

scholarly journals Description of Halichoeres rubrovirens, a new species of wrasse (Labridae: Perciformes) from the Trindade and Martin Vaz Island group, southeastern Brazil, with a preliminary mtDNA molecular phylogeny of New World Halichoeres

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2422 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIZ A. ROCHA ◽  
HUDSON T. PINHEIRO ◽  
JOÃO LUIZ GASPARINI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Tropical Eastern Pacific ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Mtdna Phylogeny ◽  
Island Group ◽  
A New Species

Here we describe Halichoeres rubrovirens, sp. n., endemic to Trindade and Martin Vaz Islands, off southeastern Brazil. The new species has unique color pattern, morphology and genetics. It can be easily distinguished from its Atlantic congeners by its color pattern consisting of a green body with two broad dotted reddish stripes. A preliminary mtDNA phylogeny indicates that H. rubrovirens closest relative is in the tropical Eastern Pacific. Hence, we hypothesize that H. rubrovirens once had a wide distribution in the western Atlantic but currently consists of a relict species restricted to Trindade and Martin Vaz islands. Little is know about its biology and ecology, but juveniles seem to school with and mimic Thalassoma noronhanum, which they resemble in color.

Dalechampia margarethiae (Euphorbiaceae), a New Species from Southeastern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 832-837
Author(s):  
Rafaela Alves Pereira-Silva ◽  
Sarah Maria Athiê-Souza ◽  
André Laurênio de Melo ◽  
W. Scott Armbruster
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Floral Resin ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
A New Species

Abstract—A new species of Dalechampia from southeastern Brazil, belonging to Dalechampia sect. Dioscoreifoliae, is described and illustrated here. Dalechampia margarethiae is a twining vine occurring exclusively in Espírito Santo state. Its pseudanthia are similar to those of D. peckoltiana and D. pentaphylla, but D. margarethiae differs in a set of important characters, including having cylindrical, down-curved style tips, staminate flowers at anthesis having unreflexed sepals with stamens born on unelongated columns, whitish floral resin, and simple, entire, cordate leaves.

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