Pengaruh Komposisi Pembuatan Dodol Mangrove (Sonneratia sp.) Terhadap Uji Organoleptik

Mangrove merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang hidup disepanjang pesisir pantai di Indonesia. Peran dan fungsi mangrove bagi ekosistem sangat penting, selain itu pemanfaatan dibidang ekologi, ekonomi, industri beberapa masyarakat ada yang memanfaatan mangrove sebagai obat dan bahan pangan yaitu pembuatan dodol dan waji. Buah mangrove yang dimanfaatkan pada penelitian ini jenis mangrove Pidada (Sonneratia sp.). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi pembuatan dodol mangrove (Sonneratia sp.) terhadap uji organoleptik Di Daerah Pesisir Desa Klatakan Kabupaten Situbondo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ekperimen dan rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan penambahan tepung mangrove T1= tidak ada penambahan (kontrol), T2= 1 sdm dan T3= 2 sdm. Analisis statistik dilakukan 2 tahap yaitu univariat dan bivariat. Dalam penelitian ini analisis univariat dilakukan pada tiap variable kemudian dilanjutkan analisis bivariate menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis. . Karakteristik panelis yang akan diuraikan berikut ini menggambarkan keadaan panelis yang diteliti meliputi jenis kelamin, usia dan pekerjaan. Ada perbedaan warna pada 3 perlakuan komposisi pembuatan dodol mangrove (T1, T2 dan T3), sedangkan pada karakteristik rasa dan tekstur tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap T1, T2 dan T3. Kata Kunci: Serbuk Buah Mangrove, Dodol, Orgnoletiptik ABSTRACT Mangrove is one of the plants that live along the coast in Indonesia. The role and function of mangroves for ecosystems is very important, in addition to utilization in the fields of ecology, economy, industry, some communities use mangroves as medicine and food, namely the manufacture of lunkhead and waji. The mangrove fruit used in this study was the Pidada mangrove (Sonneratia sp.). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the composition of mangrove lunkhead (Sonneratia sp.) on organoleptic tests in the coastal area of ​​Klatakan Village, Situbondo Regency. This study is an experimental study and the experimental design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment in this study was carried out with the addition of mangrove flour T1 = no addition (control), T2 = 1 tbsp and T3 = 2 tbsp. Statistical analysis was carried out in 2 stages, namely univariate and bivariate. In this study, univariate analysis was carried out on each variable and then continued with bivariate analysis using the Kruskal Wallis test. . The characteristics of the panelists which will be described below describe the condition of the panelists under study including gender, age and occupation. There were color differences in the 3 treatments for the composition of mangrove lunkhead (T1, T2 and T3), while in taste and texture characteristics there were no significant differences between T1, T2 and T3. Keywords: Mangrove Fruit Powder, Dodol, Orgnoletyptic

Influence of the surface characteristics of corrugated cardboard on the quality of inkjet printing

This paper investigates the quality of inkjet printing on corrugated cardboard with various characteristics such as the presence of surface coating, the type of cardboard structure, the corrugated layer profile, and the corrugated cardboard height. The color characteristics of the corrugated board surface of studied samples were analyzed in the CIE Lab system; the value of the discrepancy in the shade of white was established when compared with the reference values of the ISO 12647 standard. During the study, the main criteria for assessing the quality of color reproduction of inkjet imprints were analyzed: an indicator of the general contrast level (K), the value of color differences for the basic tone shades (ΔE), and the volume of the body color coverage (ΔE2). It was found that when printing on various types of corrugated cardboard, there is a general decrease in the overall contrast value. The actual level of color differences is ΔE=10...45 and exceeds the permissible standards for the color reproduction quality. This adversely affects the reproduction of different color tones in the printed image. In general, the quality of color reproduction differs for the test samples of corrugated cardboard in terms of the magnitude of the spread in the values of color distortions on the tone shades. The influence of the main characteristics of the investigated samples of corrugated cardboard on the quality indicators of inkjet printing has been analyzed. In particular, a significant influence of the index of color characteristics of the surface of corrugated cardboard L* and the type of corrugated board structure on the quality of color reproduction has been established. The study results reported here could make it possible to reasonably approach the selection of the corrugated board structure that is optimal in composition, increase the productivity of the technological process for manufacturing containers, and stabilize the quality of printing on corrugated cardboard

Alterations to Titanium Surface Depending on the Fluorides and Abrasives in Toothpaste

Fluoride and abrasives in toothpastes may cause corrosion and deterioration of the titanium used for implants and other prostheses. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the presence or absence and types of fluoride and abrasives affected the titanium surface texture. Brushing with toothpastes was performed on pure-titanium discs using an abrasive testing machine. Unprocessed titanium discs without brushing were used as control samples. Surface roughness, color, and gloss of titanium were measured and the differences compared with the control were analyzed. Additionally, titanium surfaces and abrasives in toothpastes were observed using a scanning electron microscope to compare the surface texture of each sample. Some toothpastes (abrasive+) significantly increased the difference in surface roughness, color, and gloss, compared with ultrapure water. Toothpaste (fluoride+/abrasive+) that had many polygonal abrasive particles led to the largest color differences and exhibited notable scratches and a larger number of contaminant- or corrosion-like black spots. In contrast, brushing with toothpaste without fluoride or abrasives (fluoride−/abrasive−) caused little change to the titanium surface. These results suggest that both fluoride and abrasives in toothpaste used for brushing may be factors that affect surface texture and corrosion resistance of titanium.

Important Roles of Key Genes and Transcription Factors in Flower Color Differences of Nicotiana alata

Nicotiana alata is an ornamental horticultural plant with a variety of flower colors and a long flowering period. The genes in four different colored N. alata (white, purple, red, and lemon green) were analyzed to explain the differences in flower color using transcriptomes. A total of 32 differential expression genes in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway and 41 in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were identified. The enrichment analysis showed that the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway play critical roles in the color differences of N. alata. The HEMA of the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway was up-regulated in lemon green flowers. Compared with white flowers, in the red and purple flowers, F3H, F3′5′H and DFR were significantly up-regulated, while FLS was significantly down-regulated. Seventeen differential expression genes homologous to transcription factor coding genes were obtained, and the homologues of HY5, MYB12, AN1 and AN4 were also involved in flower color differences. The discovery of these candidate genes related to flower color differences is significant for further research on the flower colors formation mechanism and color improvements of N. alata.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Genes Associated With Sexual Dichromatism of Head Feather Color in Mallard

Sexual dimorphism of feather color is typical in mallards, in which drakes exhibit green head feathers, while females show dull head feather color. We showed that more melanosomes deposited in the males’ head’s feather barbules than females and further form a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice, which conferred the green feather coloration of drakes. Additionally, transcriptome analysis revealed that some essential melanin biosynthesis genes were highly expressed in feather follicles during the development of green feathers, contributing to melanin deposition. We further identified 18 candidate differentially expressed genes, which may affect the sharp color differences between the males’ head feathers, back feathers, and the females’ head feathers. TYR and TYRP1 genes are associated with melanin biosynthesis directly. Their expressions in the males’ head feather follicles were significantly higher than those in the back feather follicles and females’ head feather follicles. Most clearly, the expression of TYRP1 was 256 and 32 times higher in the head follicles of males than in those of the female head and the male back, respectively. Hence, TYR and TYRP1 are probably the most critical candidate genes in DEGs. They may affect the sexual dimorphism of head feather color by cis-regulation of some transcription factors and the Z-chromosome dosage effect.

QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE COLOR PROXIMITY CRITERIA OF OBJECTS WITH KNOWN SPECTRA

The work is devoted to the problem of comparing objects by color. The following statement of the problem is considered: among the set of objects it is necessary to find such an object, the color of which is most similar to the color of the given object. It is assumed that for each object only its spectrum (transmission, reflection, radiation) is known, which is an exhaustive characteristic of the color of the object. In addition, the spectrum of the radiation source is assumed to be known. The use of standard methods for determining color differences has shown that the problem does not have an unambiguous solution. Two approaches to its solution have been proposed: the first is based on the transition from the spectrum to color spaces with the subsequent calculation of the Euclidean distance, and the second is based on a direct comparison of the spectra as functional dependences of the intensity on the wavelength. Within each of the approaches, two criteria for the "similarity" of objects in color are proposed, and an original approach to assessing the effectiveness of these criteria is proposed. This approach is based on the use of expert assessments of the color proximity of glass samples with known transmission spectra from a standard set. For each sample from the set, experts selected the glass closest in color from the remaining ones, after which a generalized opinion of experts was formed. To obtain an assessment of the quality of each of the criteria, for each of them and for each test glass, the remaining samples were ranked in order of increasing color distance to the given test glass. After that, the results of the criteria were compared with the generalized opinion of experts. To make the comparison result "fuzzy", for each test glass it was proposed to consider a set of five glasses closest in color (for each of the criteria). The resulting estimates of the effectiveness of each of the criteria for a set of 89 glasses are obtained and an approach to the construction of more effective complex criteria is proposed.