Prediction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Viral Load from CD4 Cell Count Using Artificial Neural Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnamurthy Kamalanand ◽  
Ponnuswamy Mannar Jawahar
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

scholarly journals Frequency of Cytomegalovirus Viral Load in Iranian Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Patients with CD4+ Counts <100 Cells/mm3

Intervirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Jabbari ◽  
Hoorieh Soleimanjahi ◽  
Somayeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi ◽  
Mohammad Gholami ◽  
Leila Sadeghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of present work was to assess cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients with a CD4+ count &#x3c;100 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> and to explore whether CMV DNA loads correlate with CD4+ cell counts or associated retinitis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study was conducted at the AIDS research center in Iran on HIV-1-infected patients with CD4+ count &#x3c;100 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>, antiretroviral therapy-naive, aged ≥18 years with no previous history of CMV end-organ disease (CMV-EOD). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty-nine of 82 patients (47.56%) had detectable CMV viral load ranging from 66 to 485,500 IU/mL. CMV viral load in patients with retinitis ranges from 352 to 2,720 IU/mL, and it was undetectable in 2 patients. No significant associations between CMV viremia and CD4+ cell count was found (<i>p</i> value = 0.31), whereas significant association of CMV viremia in HIV-infected patients with retinitis was found (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.02). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We estimated the frequency of CMV viral load infection in Iranian HIV-1-infected patients with a CD4+ cell count &#x3c;100 mm<sup>3</sup>/mL in the largest national referral center for HIV-1 infection in Iran. Further research is required on the relevance of CMV viral load in diagnostic and prognostic value of CMV-EOD.

scholarly journals Neutralization Profiles of Sera from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Individuals: Relationship to HIV Viral Load and CD4 Cell Count

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Nokta ◽  
Patricia Turk ◽  
Kimberly Loesch ◽  
Richard B. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Viral Burden ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell

ABSTRACT The relationship of the neutralizing activity (NA) profile of sera from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals to the HIV viral load and the absolute CD4 count was examined. The NA of 24 serum samples against autologous isolates (AI) and HIV type 1 strain MN was examined. Three NA patterns were recognized. Nine sera neutralized both AI and MN (+/+), six sera neutralized MN but not AI (−/+), and nine sera failed to neutralize both AI and MN (−/−). The identification of the three neutralization patterns (+/+, −/+, and −/−) indicated that resistance to neutralization was progressive. A reciprocal relationship between the viral burden of the patients and the NA profiles was observed. The nine subjects with a −/− NA profile had a plasma viral load of ≥5 × 104 copies/ml and a cellular viral burden of ≥1,122 infectious units per million viable cells, which were significantly different from those of the other groups (P < 0.02). These patterns were independent of the phenotypic characteristics of the virus. Longitudinally, subjects with a −/− profile at baseline gained their HIV-specific NA by 24 weeks of antiretroviral therapy when this was associated with a ≥1-log10 decline in the plasma HIV viral load. The sera from week 24 from some patients were able to neutralize both the 24-week and the baseline dominant virus isolates. A change in CD4 cell count of 50 or more in either direction predicted a −/− or +/+ profile. The verification of the autologous NA profile might be important in selecting patients who may benefit from immune-based therapies involving neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.

Cervicovaginal cytological abnormalities in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, in relation to disease stage, CD4 cell count and viral load

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilha Misson Rua Micheletti ◽  
Valéria de Freitas Dutra ◽  
Eddie Fernando Cândido Murta ◽  
Marina Carvalho Paschoini ◽  
Mário Leon Silva-Vergara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cytological Abnormalities ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals Neutralizing Antibodies against Autologous Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates in Patients with Increasing CD4 Cell Counts despite Incomplete Virus Suppression during Antiretroviral Treatment

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 822-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Sarmati ◽  
Gabriella d'Ettorre ◽  
Emanuele Nicastri ◽  
Lucia Ercoli ◽  
Ilaria Uccella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell

ABSTRACT Antiretroviral-treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-seropositive individuals can remain clinically stable for a long period of time with an increasing CD4 cell count irrespective of incomplete viral suppression. We evaluated the role of neutralizing antibody (NtAb) activity in the etiopathogenesis of this viro-immunological disconnection (defined as an increasing CD4+-cell count despite a persistent, detectable viral load during antiretroviral therapy) in 33 patients failing therapy with two analogue nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. An HIV NtAb titer of ≥1:25 was detected in specimens from 16 out of 33 (48%) patients. A significant correlation was found between NtAb titers and CD4+-cell counts (P = 0.001;r = 0.546) but not with HIV RNA levels in plasma. Five patients with a viro-immunological disconnection had an NtAb titer of >1:125, statistically higher than the NtAb titers for the remaining 28 patients with both virologic and immunologic failure (P < 0.0001). The HIV-specific humoral immune response could play a role during antiretroviral treatment to improve immunological function despite an incomplete suppression of viral load.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C treatment uptake and response among human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients in a large integrated healthcare system

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 689-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer O Lam ◽  
Leo B Hurley ◽  
Scott Chamberland ◽  
Jamila H Champsi ◽  
Laura C Gittleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Hcv Treatment ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Treatment Uptake ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell

U.S. guidelines recommend that patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) be prioritized for HCV treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), but the high cost of DAAs may contribute to disparities in treatment uptake and outcomes. We evaluated DAA initiation and effectiveness in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in a U.S.-based healthcare system during October 2014–December 2017. Of 462 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, 276 initiated DAAs (70% cumulative proportion treated over three years). Lower likelihood of DAA initiation was observed among patients with Medicare (government-sponsored insurance) versus commercial insurance (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.46–0.84), patients with drug abuse diagnoses (aRR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54–0.97), patients with CD4 cell count <200 cells/µl versus ≥500 (aRR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.23–0.91), and patients without prior HCV treatment (aRR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.48–0.97). There were no significant differences in DAA initiation by age, gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, HIV transmission risk, alcohol use, smoking, fibrosis level, HIV RNA levels, antiretroviral therapy use, hepatitis B infection, or number of outpatient visits. Ninety-five percent of patients achieved sustained virologic response (SVR). We found little evidence of sociodemographic disparities in DAA initiation among HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, and SVR rates were high. Efforts are needed to increase DAA uptake among coinfected Medicare enrollees, patients with drug abuse diagnoses, patients with low CD4 cell count, and patients receiving first-time HCV treatment.

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