Neutralizing Antibodies against Autologous Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates in Patients with Increasing CD4 Cell Counts despite Incomplete Virus Suppression during Antiretroviral Treatment

ABSTRACT Antiretroviral-treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-seropositive individuals can remain clinically stable for a long period of time with an increasing CD4 cell count irrespective of incomplete viral suppression. We evaluated the role of neutralizing antibody (NtAb) activity in the etiopathogenesis of this viro-immunological disconnection (defined as an increasing CD4+-cell count despite a persistent, detectable viral load during antiretroviral therapy) in 33 patients failing therapy with two analogue nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. An HIV NtAb titer of ≥1:25 was detected in specimens from 16 out of 33 (48%) patients. A significant correlation was found between NtAb titers and CD4+-cell counts (P = 0.001;r = 0.546) but not with HIV RNA levels in plasma. Five patients with a viro-immunological disconnection had an NtAb titer of >1:125, statistically higher than the NtAb titers for the remaining 28 patients with both virologic and immunologic failure (P < 0.0001). The HIV-specific humoral immune response could play a role during antiretroviral treatment to improve immunological function despite an incomplete suppression of viral load.

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Frequency of Cytomegalovirus Viral Load in Iranian Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Patients with CD4+ Counts <100 Cells/mm3

Intervirology ◽

10.1159/000514385 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Jabbari ◽

Hoorieh Soleimanjahi ◽

Somayeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi ◽

Mohammad Gholami ◽

Leila Sadeghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Viral Load ◽

Cell Count ◽

Previous History ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Cd4 Cell ◽

Hiv 1

Objectives: The aim of present work was to assess cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients with a CD4+ count <100 cells/mm3 and to explore whether CMV DNA loads correlate with CD4+ cell counts or associated retinitis. Methods: This study was conducted at the AIDS research center in Iran on HIV-1-infected patients with CD4+ count <100 cells/mm3, antiretroviral therapy-naive, aged ≥18 years with no previous history of CMV end-organ disease (CMV-EOD). Results: Thirty-nine of 82 patients (47.56%) had detectable CMV viral load ranging from 66 to 485,500 IU/mL. CMV viral load in patients with retinitis ranges from 352 to 2,720 IU/mL, and it was undetectable in 2 patients. No significant associations between CMV viremia and CD4+ cell count was found (p value = 0.31), whereas significant association of CMV viremia in HIV-infected patients with retinitis was found (p < 0.02). Conclusions: We estimated the frequency of CMV viral load infection in Iranian HIV-1-infected patients with a CD4+ cell count <100 mm3/mL in the largest national referral center for HIV-1 infection in Iran. Further research is required on the relevance of CMV viral load in diagnostic and prognostic value of CMV-EOD.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Disease Progression, CCR5 Genotype, and Specific Immune Responses

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.5.4.463-466.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 463-466 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ubaldo Visco-Comandini ◽

Catharina Hultgren ◽

Christina Broström ◽

Markus Birk ◽

Soo Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Cell Count ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Wild Type ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Cd4 Cell ◽

Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The correlation among the presence of a 32-bp deletion in the CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) gene, disease progression, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific immune responses was analyzed for a cohort of 79 Caucasian HIV-1-infected patients. The CCR5 genotype (CCR5/CCR5 = wild type/wild type or Δ32CCR5/CCR5 = 32-bp deletion/wild type) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was determined by PCR, followed by sequencing of both wild-type and Δ32CCR5 gene fragments. HIV-1-specific humoral responses to gp41 and V3MN peptides were determined by enzyme immunoassays. The prevalence of the Δ32CCR5 allele was lower among 37 patients with rapid progression (progression to AIDS or to a CD4 cell count of <200 × 106/liter in less than 9 years; P < 0.01) compared to that for 42 patients with slow progression (no AIDS and CD4 cell count of >200 × 106/liter after at least 9 years from infection) or to that for 25 non-HIV-1-infected Swedish blood donors (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in the wild-type CCR5sequences between the different groups of patients. For three analyzed patients, the 32-bp Δ32CCR5 gene deletions were identical. The antibody titers against gp41 and a V3MNpeptide in patients with the Δ32CCR5/CCR5 genotype were not significantly different from those in pair-matchedCCR5/CCR5 controls. However, in 13 analyzed patients, a stronger serum neutralizing activity was associated with the Δ32CCR5/CCR5 genotype. Thus, a CCR5/CCR5genotype correlates with a shortened AIDS-free HIV-1 infection period and possibly with a worse neutralizing activity, without an evident influence on the antibody response to two major antigenic regions of HIV-1 envelope.

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Quantification of human immunodeficiency virus-1 viral load and its correlation with CD4 cell count in antiretroviral therapy naïve patients attending regional institute of medical sciences hospital, Imphal

Journal of Medical Society ◽

10.4103/jms.jms_107_16 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 98 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paotinlal Haokip ◽

HeigrujamRebachandra Singh ◽

Gracy Laldinmawii ◽

ElimK Marak ◽

Arup Roy

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Viral Load ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cell Count ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Cd4 Cell ◽

Regional Institute ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

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Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on Viral Load, CD4 Cell Count, and Progression to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in a Community Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Cohort

Archives of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1001/archinte.160.8.1134 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 160 (8) ◽

pp. 1134 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Peter Erb

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Viral Load ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cell Count ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Cd4 Cell

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Correlation between Circulating Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 Levels and CD4+ Cell Count in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Individuals

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses ◽

10.1089/088922299310359 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 1063-1071 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Cynthia A. Derdeyn ◽

Caroline Costello ◽

J. Michael Kilby ◽

Greg Sfakianos ◽

Michael S. Saag ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Cell Count ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Virus Type ◽

Stromal Cell ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Stromal Cell Derived Factor ◽

Cd4 Cell

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Plasma Profiles of Inflammatory Markers Associated With Active Tuberculosis in Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Individuals

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Oskar Olsson ◽

Per Björkman ◽

Marianne Jansson ◽

Taye Tolera Balcha ◽

Daba Mulleta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Cell Count ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Cd4 Cell ◽

Rna Levels

Abstract Background Diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-coinfected individuals is challenging. We hypothesized that combinations of inflammatory markers could facilitate identification of active TB in HIV-positive individuals. Methods Participants were HIV-positive, treatment-naive adults systematically investigated for TB at Ethiopian health centers. Plasma samples from 130 subjects with TB (HIV+/TB+) and 130 subjects without TB (HIV+/TB−) were tested for concentration of the following markers: CCL5, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL12-p70, IL-18, IL-27, interferon-γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10), procalcitonin (PCT), and soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR). Analyzed markers were then assessed, either individually or in combination, with regard to infection status, CD4 cell count, and HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels. Results The HIV+/TB+ subjects had higher levels of all markers, except IL12p70, compared with HIV+/TB− subjects. The CRP showed the best performance for TB identification (median 27.9 vs 1.8 mg/L for HIV+/TB+ and HIV+/TB−, respectively; area under the curve [AUC]: 0.80). Performance was increased when CRP was combined with suPAR analysis (AUC, 0.83 [0.93 for subjects with CD4 cell count <200 cells/mm3]). Irrespective of TB status, IP-10 concentrations correlated with HIV RNA levels, and both IP-10 and IL-18 were inversely correlated to CD4 cell counts. Conclusions Although CRP showed the best single marker discriminatory potential, combining CRP and suPAR analyses increased performance for TB identification.

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Neutralization Profiles of Sera from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Individuals: Relationship to HIV Viral Load and CD4 Cell Count

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.7.3.412-416.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 412-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mostafa Nokta ◽

Patricia Turk ◽

Kimberly Loesch ◽

Richard B. Pollard

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Viral Load ◽

Cell Count ◽

Reciprocal Relationship ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Hiv Viral Load ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Viral Burden ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Cd4 Cell

ABSTRACT The relationship of the neutralizing activity (NA) profile of sera from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals to the HIV viral load and the absolute CD4 count was examined. The NA of 24 serum samples against autologous isolates (AI) and HIV type 1 strain MN was examined. Three NA patterns were recognized. Nine sera neutralized both AI and MN (+/+), six sera neutralized MN but not AI (−/+), and nine sera failed to neutralize both AI and MN (−/−). The identification of the three neutralization patterns (+/+, −/+, and −/−) indicated that resistance to neutralization was progressive. A reciprocal relationship between the viral burden of the patients and the NA profiles was observed. The nine subjects with a −/− NA profile had a plasma viral load of ≥5 × 104 copies/ml and a cellular viral burden of ≥1,122 infectious units per million viable cells, which were significantly different from those of the other groups (P < 0.02). These patterns were independent of the phenotypic characteristics of the virus. Longitudinally, subjects with a −/− profile at baseline gained their HIV-specific NA by 24 weeks of antiretroviral therapy when this was associated with a ≥1-log10 decline in the plasma HIV viral load. The sera from week 24 from some patients were able to neutralize both the 24-week and the baseline dominant virus isolates. A change in CD4 cell count of 50 or more in either direction predicted a −/− or +/+ profile. The verification of the autologous NA profile might be important in selecting patients who may benefit from immune-based therapies involving neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.

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