A Clinical Study on the Incidence and Visual Outcome after Surgical Management of Lens-Induced Glaucoma

Aims and Objectives: To determine 1) the incidence of lens-induced glaucoma. 2) the more prevalent type of LIG. and 3) Visual outcome following surgical management of LIG. Material and Methods: 50 patients of lens-induced glaucoma, who presented in OPD of Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, were included in the study. All patients were admitted and managed in indoor wards. Informed and written consents were taken. A detailed history and a thorough ocular examination was done. Surgical correction was done by SICS or Phacoemulsification or triple procedures operations. Results: A standardized proforma was used to compile data and it was analyzed statistically using Chi-square test and Probability value. The incidence of LIG was found to be 0.174 among all OPD attendees. Phacomorphic glaucoma (58%) was found to be the highest followed by phacolytic glaucoma (32%). No significant association with respect to sex and age of the cases was found. The presenting symptoms varied in severity and were directly proportional to the degree of rise of IOP. 38% of cases in our study achieved best corrected visual acuity of 6/9 and 28% achieved 6/12 acuity at the end of 6 weeks. Visual outcome was found to be better for cases with early detection and treatment. Conclusion: The mainstay to prevent and treat LIG is early diagnosis and treatment of cataract. Delayed treatment of LIG may result in poor visual outcome. Keywords: LIG, IOP, Phacomorphic glaucoma, Phacolytic glaucoma, SICS, Phacoemulsification.

A prospective study of myoconjunctival enucleation for enhanced implant motility

Background: After enucleation rehabilitation and cosmesis remain the nemesis of an enophthalmic socket, the cosmetic goal is to replace the lost volume of the socket and to restore natural appearance and movement with an artificial eye. The aim of this is to determine implant motility after myoconjunctival enucleation technique.Methods: The study was conducted in 35 patients who underwent myoconjuctival enucleation at M and J Western Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad from the period November 2019 to December 2021. Simple random sampling method was used and subjects were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients were evaluated on 1st post-operative day, 1st week, 4th week and 12th week of surgery. Post-operative results were compared on the follow-ups in terms of motility index.Results: Average motility index (sum of medial movement, lateral movement, upward movement and downward movement divided by 4) of the 35 patients measured after first week of surgery was 3.2 mm, which was 3.21 mm in 4th week and at 12th week it was 3.23 mm.Conclusions: In contrast to conventional enucleation technique, in myoconjunctival enucleation technique each rectus is sutured to the respective fornix thus preventing stretching, increasing implant stability and motility. Thus it is considered procedure of choice in primary enucleation.

SIGNIFICANCE OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN EVALUATION OF VITREORETINAL PATHOLOGY

INTRODUCTION:Vitreoretinal pathologies include vitreal haemmorhage and vitreal detachment, retinal detachment, retinoblastoma, diabetic retinopathy, leukocoria, trauma over eye. The eye being an external sense organ lends itself to an easy and rapid examination of anterior segment but structure posterior to the papillary plane i.e lens, vitreous cavity and humor, retina, choroid in an opaque media could not be evaluated by just fundus examination. OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH: Demographic prole of patient with vitreoretinal pathologies. Diagnose the patient with vitreoretinal pathologies by ultrasonography. Detect and characterize the vitreoretinal pathologies by ultrasonography, clinical ndings and post management conrmatory ndings to establish the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in vitreoretinal pathologies. MATERIALAND METHOD: Study design:Institution based prospective, descriptive study Study setting: USG section at Dept. of Radiodiagnosis, Medical College, Kolkata Place of study: Dept. of Radiodiagnosis, Medical College, Kolkata Period of study:January 2018 to august 2019 Study population:Referred patient from regional institute of opthalmology Sample size: 50 patients. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: We showed that 29(48.3%0 patients had vitreous haemorrhage. 19(31.7%) patients had retinal detachment. 10(16.7%) patients had posterior vitreous detachment. 7(11.7%) patients had endophthalmitis. 9(15.0%) patients had retinoblastoma. 1(1.7%) patients had PHPV. 1(1.7%) patients had asteroid hyalosis. 1(1.7%) patients had retinoschisis. 5(8.3%) patients had normal. SUMMARYAND CONCLUSION: From, the present study it was noted that Ultrasonography is very efcient tool in diagnosing various ocular abnormalities. Ultrasonography can categorize the lesions in the posterior chamber well, depending on the echotexture and anatomy. Even the exact location of the lesion and surrounding structures can be well made out. Ultrasonography can detect structural changes that were missed or could not be detected by clinical examination especially with opaque media as well. Ultrasonography is proved to be very useful diagnostic tool in detection and evaluation of vitreo-retinal pathologies in patients with opacities in the vitreous cavity.

Linguistic and literary educational field in schools of general secondary education with learning languages of national minorities: changes, achievements, problems and ways to solve them

The article considers the stage-by-stage changes in teaching the linguistic and literature with teaching languages of different ethnic groups of Ukraine at secondary education institutions. An analysis of training programs and publications for classes with Romanian language of teaching in secondary education institutions is presented. Article highlights the experience of cooperation of S. Krygan, who has work for many years as a methodologist of Chernivtsi Regional Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education, Scientific and Methodological Center for Ethnic Minorities of the South-Western Region of Ukraine, State Scientific Institution "Institute of Education Content Modernization" in Chernivtsi with relevant departments of the Scientific and Methodological Center secondary education, State Scientific Institution "Institute of Education Content Modernization" and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. An analysis of the modern educational and methodical complexes on the Romanian language in Romania is presented, the experience of their application is covered. The processed material convinces that the main innovations in this field, based on the European experience of humanitarian education, proved to be effective in their concept and methods of practical implementation. Current linguodidactic problems that need to be solved are outlined.

Incidence of Open Angle Glaucoma among Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome in a Tertiary Eye Care Centre in South India - A Cross Sectional Study

BACKGROUND Open angle glaucoma forms a major proportion of glaucomas which is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Anatomical variations in ocular structures and consequent secondary open angle glaucoma occurs in significant number of patients afflicted with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Hence, a detailed workup and identification of glaucoma and appropriate management is essential to prevent further visual loss. We wanted to evaluate the incidence of open angle glaucoma among patients having pseudo exfoliation syndrome at Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Trivandrum, Kerala. METHODS A cross sectional study comprising 142 individuals with pseudo exfoliation syndrome was conducted in Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Trivandrum, Kerala, over a period of one year. Sociodemographic variables were collected through structured interviewer administered questionnaire followed by detailed ocular work up and visual field analysis. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, SPSS 16. RESULTS Among 142 subjects, 70.4 % were males and 29.6 % were females. The mean age of participants was 65 years. In studied population, 83.1 % represented rural population. Incidence of open angle glaucoma among studied population with pseudoexfoliation was 10.56 % (95 % confidence interval; 5.50 % - 15.61 %). No case of normal tension glaucoma was identified during the study period. 29.57 % of subjects showed bilateral pseudoexfoliation. But among patients with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) glaucoma, 78.9 % had bilateral disease. Mean intra ocular pressure in eyes with PEX glaucoma was 27.38 ± 5.75 mm Hg and in PEX eyes without glaucoma was 23.20 ± 1.6 mmHg. Pupillary dilatation was observed to be less than the normal eyes and was 5.62 mm. 4 % of eyes with PEX had some form of zonulopathy. CONCLUSIONS Hospital based incidence of open angle glaucoma among patients with pseudo exfoliation is 10.56 %. KEYWORDS Pseudoexfoliation, Open Angle Glaucoma, Incidence, Intraocular Pressure, Gonioscopy

3D-Position Determination using GNSS Techniques – A Comparative Analysis

This study was carried out to determine 3D-position of selected points within Obafemi Awolowo University. The points were located at Africa Regional Institute for Geospatial Information Science and Technology (AFRIGST), Central Technological and Laboratory Workshops (CTLW), main Bus Stop, Religion ground, New Environmental Design and Management (New EDM), and Spider building. China HuaCe Corporation (CHC) GPS and Promark 3 GPS were used to carry out observation on the selected points. The data gotten were post processed using GNSS solution software for Promark3, Compass software for CHC GPS and the result gotten were compared with the known coordinates of those points. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to determine the most accurate instrument between the two. The occupation time for the two instruments on each station was 45 minutes. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Chi square Variance analysis were conducted, the result showed that there is no significant difference between the observations of the two instruments in comparison with the adjusted coordinate. It can be concluded that any of the two instruments can be used for 3D point positioning to obtain accurate result.

Fetomaternal outcome in eclampsia

Background: Eclampsia is the third most common cause of maternal mortality, after haemorrhage and infection in the developing countries. Majority of cases of eclampsia are young primigravidas. The reduction in both maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality remains the yard stick of success in the management of eclampsia.Methods: A hospital based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among the pregnant women with eclampsia admitted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal. The study was conducted for a period of one and half years from September 2018 to March 2020.Results: Fifty-five (55) patients in the age group between 21 and 25 years constitute the maximum percentage of eclampsia (67.3%). Forty-five (81.8%) cases were antepartum eclampsia, 2 (3.6%) were intrapartum eclampsia and 8 (14.5%) cases were postpartum eclampsia. Majority (78.2%) of the cases were primigravidae, which is comparable to other studies. As much as 23 (41.8%) of the cases presented at 32-37 weeks period of gestation. There were two maternal deaths (3.6%) due to eclampsia related complications. There were 13 (21.7%) perinatal deaths in this study, out of which 10 (16.7%) were still births and 3(5%) were early neonatal deaths.Conclusions: Eclampsia is still an important obstetric emergency in the community contributing to significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Eclampsia may not develop de novo and as such, it is not always a preventable condition. Early detection and prompt intervention of complications is vital to ensure a healthy outcome for both mother and baby.

ROLE OF MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGIES IN MUSEUM EXPOSITION

The article is an attempt to reconsider the theoretical postulates related to multimedia in museum business through the prism of the exhibition experiences gained by the Ural Regional Institute of Museum Projects. The main issues raised in the article are the classification of digital technologies, their interaction with other elements of the exposition, the potential of using IT-technologies in museum space. The staff of the Institute review their mistakes made in project work, combining theory and practice. The most serious shortcomings in the creation of exhibitions with multimedia technologies are considered to be visual disharmony against the general design of the museum space, lack of multimedia technology unity and disengagement of digital technologies from the scientific concept. Consideration is also given to the current state of museum business in the current context of overall digitalization.