Biomaterials for Repairing Gaps After Peripheral Nerve Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-536
Author(s):  
Dong-Xu Huang ◽  
Jiang-Nan Li ◽  
Ge-Yi Zhang ◽  
Wen-Gang Wang ◽  
Lei Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Wallerian Degeneration ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Nerve Conduits ◽  
Advanced Biomaterials ◽  
Review Current

Peripheral nerves have complex and precise structures that differ from other types of tissues and intrinsic regeneration abilities after injury. Spontaneous recovery is possible for neuropraxia and axonotmesis, while surgical treatment is required for neurotmesis. It remains a challenge to repair nerve gaps, a series of severe neurotmesis. It seems that 3 cm is the upper limit distance for primate peripheral nerves to regenerate spontaneously. Nerve autografts are the gold standard treatment for bridging nerve gaps. In the present review, current biomaterials for repairing gaps after peripheral nerve injury are briefly summarized. Moreover, the microstructure of the peripheral nerve, classifications of peripheral nerve injury, and the Wallerian degeneration are reviewed in the biological view and clinical practice. The failure of nerve regeneration in nerve conduits bridging longer than 3 cm gaps may be contributing to the insufficient vascularization of nerve conduit materials. Future researchers could focus on advanced biomaterials that promoting the angiogenesis of nerve conduits.

scholarly journals The macrophage response to central and peripheral nerve injury. A possible role for macrophages in regeneration.

1987 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 1218-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
V H Perry ◽  
M C Brown ◽  
S Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Macrophage Response ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Myelin Degradation ◽  
Degenerating Axons

Using mAbs and immunocytochemistry we have examined the response of macrophages (M phi) after crush injury to the sciatic or optic nerve in the mouse and rat. We have established that large numbers of M phi enter peripheral nerves containing degenerating axons; the M phi are localized to the portion containing damaged axons, and they phagocytose myelin. The period of recruitment of the M phi in the peripheral nerve is before and during the period of maximal proliferation of the Schwann cells. In contrast, the degenerating optic nerve attracts few M phi, and the removal of myelin is much slower. These results show the clearly different responses of M phi to damage in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and suggest that M phi may be an important component of subsequent repair as well as myelin degradation.

scholarly journals ATP Release through Lysosomal Exocytosis from Peripheral Nerves: The Effect of Lysosomal Exocytosis on Peripheral Nerve Degeneration and Regeneration after Nerve Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyang Jung ◽  
Hyun Woo Jo ◽  
Hyunseob Kwon ◽  
Na Young Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Wallerian Degeneration ◽  
Atp Release ◽  
Nerve Degeneration ◽  
Peripheral Neurons ◽  
Charcot Marie Tooth Disease ◽  
Axonal Degradation

Studies have shown that lysosomal activation increases in Schwann cells after nerve injury. Lysosomal activation is thought to promote the engulfment of myelin debris or fragments of injured axons in Schwann cells during Wallerian degeneration. However, a recent interpretation of lysosomal activation proposes a different view of the phenomenon. During Wallerian degeneration, lysosomes become secretory vesicles and are activated for lysosomal exocytosis. The lysosomal exocytosis triggers adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) release from peripheral neurons and Schwann cells during Wallerian degeneration. Exocytosis is involved in demyelination and axonal degradation, which facilitate nerve regeneration following nerve degeneration. At this time, released ATP may affect the communication between cells in peripheral nerves. In this review, our description of the relationship between lysosomal exocytosis and Wallerian degeneration has implications for the understanding of peripheral nerve degenerative diseases and peripheral neuropathies, such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease or Guillain-Barré syndrome.

scholarly journals Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Is Critical for Wallerian Degeneration and Functional Recovery after Peripheral Nerve Injury

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (46) ◽  
pp. 12565-12576 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Boivin ◽  
I. Pineau ◽  
B. Barrette ◽  
M. Filali ◽  
N. Vallieres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Wallerian Degeneration ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Toll Like Receptor

scholarly journals Recovery of Peripheral Nerve with Massive Loss Defect by Tissue Engineered Guiding Regenerative Gel

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimon Rochkind ◽  
Zvi Nevo
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injuries ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Reconstructive Procedures ◽  
Nerve Conduits

Objective. Guiding Regeneration Gel (GRG) was developed in response to the clinical need of improving treatment for peripheral nerve injuries and helping patients regenerate massive regional losses in peripheral nerves. The efficacy of GRG based on tissue engineering technology for the treatment of complete peripheral nerve injury with significant loss defect was investigated.Background. Many severe peripheral nerve injuries can only be treated through surgical reconstructive procedures. Such procedures are challenging, since functional recovery is slow and can be unsatisfactory. One of the most promising solutions already in clinical practice is synthetic nerve conduits connecting the ends of damaged nerve supporting nerve regeneration. However, this solution still does not enable recovery of massive nerve loss defect.The proposed technologyis a biocompatible and biodegradable gel enhancing axonal growth and nerve regeneration. It is composed of a complex of substances comprising transparent, highly viscous gel resembling the extracellular matrix that is almost impermeable to liquids and gasses, flexible, elastic, malleable, and adaptable to various shapes and formats.Preclinical studyon rat model of peripheral nerve injury showed that GRG enhanced nerve regeneration when placed in nerve conduits, enabling recovery of massive nerve loss, previously unbridgeable, and enabled nerve regeneration at least as good as with autologous nerve graft “gold standard” treatment.

scholarly journals Intracellular phospholipase A2 group IVA and group VIA play important roles in Wallerian degeneration and axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury

Brain ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (10) ◽  
pp. 2620-2631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubèn López-Vales ◽  
Xavier Navarro ◽  
Takao Shimizu ◽  
Constantinos Baskakis ◽  
George Kokotos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Wallerian Degeneration ◽  
Axon Regeneration ◽  
Group Iva

scholarly journals Ascorbic acid accelerates Wallerian degeneration after peripheral nerve injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
Jiasong Guo ◽  
Lixia Li ◽  
Yizhou Xu ◽  
Xianghai Wang ◽  
Jingmin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Wallerian Degeneration

scholarly journals Wallerian degeneration: gaining perspective on inflammatory events after peripheral nerve injury

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D Gaudet ◽  
Phillip G Popovich ◽  
Matt S Ramer
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Wallerian Degeneration

Wallerian degeneration and hyperalgesia after peripheral nerve injury are glutathione-dependent

Pain ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochelle Wagner ◽  
Heidi M. Heckman ◽  
Robert R. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Wallerian Degeneration
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