scholarly journals Inter-trial switches in perceptual load modulate semantic processing during the attentional blink

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 10-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sy ◽  
B. Giesbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Perceptual Load

scholarly journals Electrophysiological Evidence for Both Perceptual and Postperceptual Selection during the Attentional Blink

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2005-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Giesbrecht ◽  
Jocelyn L. Sy ◽  
James C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Perceptual Load ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Context Word ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Context Sensitive

When two masked targets are presented in rapid succession, correct identification of the first target (T1) leads to a dramatic impairment in identification of the second target (T2). Several studies of this so-called attentional blink (AB) phenomenon have provided behavioral and physiological evidence that T2 is processed to the semantic level, despite the profound impairment in T2 report. These findings have been interpreted as an example of perception without awareness and have been explained by models that assume that T2 is processed extensively even though it does not gain access into consciousness. The present study reports two experiments that test this assumption. In Experiment 1, the perceptual load of the T1 task was manipulated and T2 was a word that was either related or unrelated to a context word presented at the beginning of each trial. The event-related potential (ERP) technique was used to isolate the context-sensitive N400 component evoked by the T2 word. The ERP data revealed that there was a complete suppression of the N400 during the AB when the perceptual load was high, but not when perceptual load was low. Experiment 2 replicated the high-load condition of Experiment 1 while ruling out two alternative explanations for the reduction of the N400 during the AB. The results of both experiments demonstrate that word meanings are not always accessed during the AB and are consistent with studies that suggest that attention can act to select information at multiple stages of processing depending on concurrent task demands.

scholarly journals What processes are disrupted during the attentional blink? An integrative review of event-related potentials research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alon Zivony ◽  
Dominique Lamy
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Structural Limitation ◽  
Attentional Engagement ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
Related Potentials

Reporting the second of two targets is impaired when these appear in close succession, a phenomenon known as the attentional blink (AB). Despite decades of research, what mechanisms are affected by the AB remains unclear. Specifically, two central issues remain open: Does the AB disrupt attentional processes or reflect a structural limitation in working memory encoding? Does it disrupt perceptual processing or only post-perceptual processes? We address these questions by reviewing event-related potentials (ERP) studies of the AB. The findings reveal that the core influence of the AB is by disrupting attentional engagement (indexed by N2pc). As a consequence, while early processing (indexed by P1\N1) is spared, semantic processing (indexed by N400) and working memory (WM) encoding (indexed by P3b) are compromised: minor disruptions to attentional engagement weaken but do not eliminate semantic processing, whereas they prevent encoding in WM. Thus, semantic processing can survive the blink, whereas encoding in WM does not. To accommodate these conclusions, we suggest a Disrupted Engagement and Perception (DEaP) account of the attentional blink.

scholarly journals The effects of perceptual load on semantic processing under inattention

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Koivisto ◽  
Antti Revonsuo
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Perceptual Load

scholarly journals Target familiarity and visual working memory do not influence familiarity effect in visual search

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihan Guo ◽  
Maolong Niu ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Perceptual Load ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Search Efficiency ◽  
Familiarity Effect ◽  
Novel Target

AbstractFamiliarity effect refers to the phenomenon that searching for a novel target among familiar distractors is more efficient than that searching for a familiar target among novel distractors. While the familiarity of distractors is considered as a key role on familiarity effect, the familiarity of targets contribute to this asymmetric visual search is unclear. The present study investigated how target familiarity influences visual search efficiency from the perspective of perceptual load. Experiment 1 using two similar Chinese characters (“甲” and “由”) suggested that searching for a familiar target from familiar distractors is an inefficient search process in Chinese context. Experiment 2 adopted a dual-task paradigm with a visual working memory task to increase the perceptual load and attempt to affect the efficiency of searching a novel target (mirrored “舌”) from familiar distractors (“舌”). Results demonstrated no difference in the search efficiency between single and dual-task conditions. The present study suggests that the familiarity of target does not influence the search efficiency with familiar distractors when involving semantic processing of Chinese characters. Additionally, the interference of extra working memory load would not impair the efficiency of searching target among familiar distractors, supporting the critical effect of distractor familiarity on the efficiency of visual search.

scholarly journals Neural decoding of semantic processing during the attentional blink

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 124-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Giesbrecht ◽  
M. P. Eckstein ◽  
C. K. Abbey
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Neural Decoding

scholarly journals Gatecrashing the visual cocktail party: How visual and semantic similarity modulate the own name benefit in the attentional blink

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1102-1111
Author(s):  
Kevin Dent ◽  
Geoff G. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Cocktail Party ◽  
Cocktail Party Effect ◽  
White Target ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Own Name ◽  
Late Selection

The “visual cocktail party effect” refers to superior report of a participant’s own name, under conditions of inattention. An early selection account suggests this advantage stems from enhanced visual processing. A late selection account suggests the advantage occurs when semantic information allowing identification as one’s own name is retrieved. In the context of inattentional blindness (IB), Mack and Rock showed that the advantage does not generalise to a minor modification of a participant’s own name, despite extensive visual similarity, supporting the late selection account. This study applied the name modification manipulation in the context of the attentional blink (AB). Participants were presented with rapid streams of names and identified a white target name, while also reporting the presence of one of two possible probes. The probe names appeared either close (the third item following the target: Lag 3) or far in time from the target (the eighth item following the target: Lag 8). The results revealed a robust AB; reports of the probe were reduced at Lag 3 relative to Lag 8. The AB was also greatly reduced for the own name compared to another name—a visual cocktail party effect. In contrast to the findings of Mack and Rock for IB, the reduced AB extended to the modified own name. The results suggest different loci for the visual cocktail party effect in the AB (word recognition) compared to IB (semantic processing).

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