The Role of Vegetation in Flash Drought Occurrence - A Sensitivity Study using Community Earth System Model version 2
AbstractFlash droughts are noted by their unusually rapid rate of onset or intensification, which makes it difficult to anticipate and prepare for them, thus resulting in severe impacts. Although the development of flash drought can be associated with certain atmospheric conditions, vegetation also plays a role in propagating flash drought. This study examines the climatology of warm season (Mar–Sep) flash drought occurrence in the United States (US) between 1979-2014, and quantifies the possible impacts of vegetation on flash drought based on a set of sensitivity experiments using the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM). With atmospheric nudging, CESM well captures historical flash drought. Compared with NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) and National Climate Assessment - Land Data Assimilation System (NCA-LDAS), CESM shows agreement on the high flash drought frequency in the Great Plains and southeastern US, but overestimates flash drought occurrence in the Midwest. The vegetation sensitivity experiments suggest that vegetation greening can significantly increase the flash drought frequency in the Great Plains and the western US during the warm seasons through enhanced evapotranspiration. However, flash drought occurrence is not significantly affected by vegetation phenology in the eastern US and Midwest due to weak land-atmosphere coupling. In response to vegetation greening, the extent of flash drought also increases, but the duration of flash drought is not sensitive to greening. This study highlights the importance of vegetation in flash drought development, and provides insights for improving flash drought monitoring and early warning.