Letter to the Editor Regarding “Sublingual Immunotherapy Attenuates Nasal Symptoms upon Allergen Exposure in Murine Allergic Rhinitis Model via an Induction of IL-10 producing T cells in Submandibular Lymph Node”

Objective: Sublingual immunotherapy has been considered to be a painless and effective therapeutic treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis. Its mechanism of action has been elucidated, but there are still controversies among many reports between clinical efficacy and laboratory data. Therefore, its mechanism of action needs to be investigated further by using promising animal models such as rodents and monkeys. Materials and Methods: Bearing this in mind, in our present study, we successfully constructed an effective murine model for sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in allergic rhinitis in which mice were sublingually administered ovalbumin (OVA), followed by intraperitoneal (ip) sensitization and intranasal (i.n.) challenge of OVA. Results: To summarize our experimental data, nasal symptoms such as sneezing and nasal rubbing of sublingually treated mice were significantly attenuated in accordance with lower specific IgE antibodies in sera. Histological analysis of eosinophil recruitment in nasal mucosae reveals less allergic inflammation in sublingually treated mice. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) production and IL-10–specific mRNA gene expression of cultured submandibular lymph node (SMLN) cells with OVA, obtained from sublingually treated mice, were significantly higher than those of mice without sublingual treatment. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that sublingually introduced antigens can actually attenuate nasal symptoms in a murine allergic rhinitis model upon allergen exposures. Furthermore, our immunological data might indicate an important role of IL-10 producing T cells in SMLN to control nasal allergic reaction.

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Sublingual immunotherapy increases Treg/Th17 ratio in allergic rhinitis

Open Medicine ◽

10.1515/med-2021-0285 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 826-832

Author(s):

Jiarong Wang ◽

Liansheng Qiu ◽

Yimin Chen ◽

Minyun Chen

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Regulatory T Cells ◽

Visual Analog Scale ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Sublingual Immunotherapy ◽

Analog Scale ◽

Vas Score ◽

Medication Score

Abstract Background Few studies investigated the effects of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) on the peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs)/Th17 ratio. Objective To investigate the effectiveness of SLIT in children with allergic rhinitis (AR) and the effects on the Tregs/Th17 ratio. Methods This was a retrospective study of children who were treated for AR between April 2017 and March 2018 at one hospital. The patients were grouped according to the treatments they received: SLIT + pharmacotherapy vs pharmacotherapy alone. Results Eighty children (51 boys and 29 girls; 40/group) were included. The visual analog scale (VAS) and medication scores at 1 year in the SLIT + pharmacotherapy group were 2.70 ± 1.08 and 1.1 ± 0.8, respectively, which were lower than at baseline (7.7 ± 1.2 and 3.6 ± 1.0, respectively) (both Ps < 0.05). For the pharmacotherapy group, the VAS score was decreased at 1 year vs baseline (3.3 ± 1.2 vs 7.4 ± 1.0; P < 0.05), but the medication score did not change (P > 0.05). In the SLIT + pharmacotherapy group, the Treg percentage increased, while the Th17 percentage decreased at 1 year (both Ps < 0.01). The percentages of Tregs and Th17s did not change in the pharmacotherapy group (both Ps > 0.05). Conclusions SLIT + pharmacotherapy can increase the Treg percentage and decrease the Th17 percentage in the peripheral blood of children with AR.

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Allergen specific sublingual immunotherapy (ASSIT) reduces Il-4 and enhances interferon-gamma intracellular expression by Cd8+ T-cells in perenneal allergic rhinitis (Par)

Allergy Asthma & Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1186/1710-1492-8-s1-a25 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Farag I Farag – Mahmod ◽

Wahid AM Ali ◽

Waheed F Haysam ◽

Sahar Z Zakaria ◽

Gehan Elhadidy

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Interferon Gamma ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Sublingual Immunotherapy ◽

Intracellular Expression

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Sublingual Immunotherapy Induces Regulatory Function of IL-10-Expressing CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T Cells of Cervical Lymph Nodes in Murine Allergic Rhinitis Model

Journal of Allergy ◽

10.1155/2012/490905 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Takaya Yamada ◽

Miki Tongu ◽

Kaoru Goda ◽

Noriaki Aoi ◽

Ichiro Morikura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Sublingual Immunotherapy ◽

Specific Ige ◽

Regulatory Function ◽

Sublingual Administration ◽

Type I ◽

Cervical Lymph Nodes

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has been considered to be a painless and efficacious therapeutic treatment of allergic rhinitis which is known as type I allergy of nasal mucosa. Nevertheless, its mechanisms need to be further investigated. In this study, we constructed an effective murine model of sublingual immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis, in which mice were sublingually administered with ovalbumin (OVA) followed by intraperitoneal sensitization and nasal challenge of OVA. Sublingually treated mice showed significantly decreased specific IgE responses as well as suppressed Th2 immune responses. Sublingual administration of OVA did not alter the frequency of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), but led to upregulation of Foxp3- and IL-10-specific mRNAs in the Tregs of cervical lymph nodes (CLN), which strongly suppressed Th2 cytokine production from CD4+CD25− effector T cells in vitro. Furthermore, sublingual administration of plasmids encoding the lymphoid chemokines CCL19 and CCL21-Ser DNA together with OVA suppressed allergic responses. These results suggest that IL-10-expressing CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs in CLN are involved in the suppression of allergic responses and that CCL19/CCL21 may contribute to it in mice that received SLIT.

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Sublingual Immunotherapy Induces Regulatory Function of CD4+CD25+ T cells of CLN in Murine Allergic Rhinitis Model

Nihon Bika Gakkai Kaishi (Japanese Journal of Rhinology) ◽

10.7248/jjrhi.49.90 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 90-90

Author(s):

Kaoru GODA ◽

Takaya YAMADA ◽

Miki TONGU ◽

Takafumi FUCHIWAKI ◽

Chiaki SANO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Sublingual Immunotherapy ◽

Regulatory Function

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Citrus juice fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum YIT 0132 alleviates symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2016.0003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 649-658 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

N. Harima-Mizusawa ◽

M. Kano ◽

D. Nozaki ◽

C. Nonaka ◽

K. Miyazaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Placebo Group ◽

Helper T Cells ◽

Th2 Cells ◽

Perennial Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Double Blind ◽

Double Blind Placebo ◽

Citrus Juice ◽

Nasal Symptoms

This study aimed to examine whether citrus juice fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum YIT 0132 (LP0132), which was pasteurised after fermentation, could alleviate the symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis consumed LP0132-fermented juice (n=17) or unfermented citrus juice (placebo; n=16) once a day for 8 weeks. During the pre-intervention and intervention periods, the subjects recorded nasal symptoms (number of sneezing attacks, number of nose-blowing incidents, and stuffy nose score). The primary endpoint, nasal symptoms score (NSS), was scored from 0 to 4 according to the ‘Practical Guideline for the Management of Allergic Rhinitis in Japan 2009’ using a combination of the three nasal symptom items. Blood samples were collected at pre-intervention and at 8 weeks after commencing the intervention. There were several significant improvements not only in the LP0132 group but also in the placebo group because of potential anti-allergic effects of citrus. Compared with the placebo group, the LP0132 group showed a significant reduction in the NSS and stuffy nose score during the intervention period. Also, the LP0132 group, but not the placebo group, showed significant attenuation of type 2 helper T cells (Th2 cells)/helper T cells, serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and showed significant augmentation of type 1 helper T cells (Th1 cells)/Th2 cells at 8 weeks of intervention compared with baseline. It is suggested that daily intake of fermented citrus juice containing heat-killed LP0132 has beneficial effects on symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis, and these benefits may be associated with the attenuation of Th2 cells, total IgE, and ECP via the immunomodulating activities of LP0132.

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