The Resource Burden of Infections With Rhinovirus/Enterovirus, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Fine ◽  
Amelia Bray-Aschenbrenner ◽  
Howard Williams ◽  
Paula Buchanan ◽  
Jason Werner
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Billing Data ◽  
Emergency Department Care ◽  
Syncytial Virus

We reviewed the resource utilization of patients with human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/ENT), influenza A/B (FLU), or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). A total of 2013 patients with nasopharyngeal swabs positive for HRV/ENT, RSV, or FLU were included. Records were reviewed for respiratory support, vascular access procedures, emergency department care only versus admission versus pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) care, antibiotics, length of stay, and billing data. Of the 2013 subjects, 1251 tested positive for HRV/ENT, 558 for RSV, and 204 for FLU. Fewer HRV/ENT patients were discharged from the emergency department ( P < .001); and they were more likely to be admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit ( P < .001). HRV/ENT and RSV patients were more likely to require invasive procedures ( P = .01). Median hospital costs for HRV/ENT patients were more than twice that of FLU patients ( P < .001). HRV/ENT infection in pediatric patients poses a significant resource and cost burden, even when compared with other organisms.

scholarly journals Altered Gut Microbiota in Infants is Associated with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Severity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Harding ◽  
David Siefker ◽  
Luan Vu ◽  
Dahui You ◽  
John Devincenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background :Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the number one cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. There are still no vaccines or specific antiviral therapies against RSV, mainly due to the inadequate understanding of RSV pathogenesis. Recent data suggest a role for gut microbiota community structure in determining RSV disease severity. Our objective was to determine the gut microbial profile associated with severe RSV patients, which could be used to help identify at-risk patients and develop therapeutically protective microbial assemblages that may stimulate immuno-protection. Results : We enrolled 95 infants from Le Bonheur during the 2012 to 2015 RSV season. Of these, 37 were well-babies and 58 were hospitalized with RSV. Of the RSV infected babies, 53 remained in the pediatric ward (moderate) and 5 were moved to the pediatric intensive care unit at a later date (severe). Stool samples were collected within 72 hours of admission; and the composition of gut microbiota was evaluated via 16S sequencing of fecal DNA. There was a significant enrichment in S24_7, Clostridiales, Odoribacteraceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Actinomyces in RSV (moderate and severe) vs. controls. Patients with severe RSV disease had slightly lower alpha diversity (richness and evenness of the bacterial community) of the gut microbiota compared to patients with moderate RSV and healthy controls. Beta diversity (overall microbial composition) was significantly different between all RSV patients (moderate and severe) compared to controls and had significant microbial composition separating all three groups (control, moderate RSV, and severe RSV). Conclusions : Collectively, these data demonstrate that a unique gut microbial profile is associated with RSV disease and with severe RSV disease with admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. More mechanistic experiments are needed to determine whether the differences observed in gut microbiota are the cause or consequences of severe RSV disease.

scholarly journals Altered Gut Microbiota in Infants is Associated with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Severity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Harding ◽  
David Siefker ◽  
Luan Vu ◽  
Dahui You ◽  
John Devincenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract RationaleRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the number one cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. There are still no vaccines or specific antiviral therapies against RSV, mainly due to the inadequate understanding of RSV pathogenesis. Recent data suggest a role for gut microbiota community structure in determining RSV disease severity.ObjectivesOur objective was to determine the gut microbial profile associated with severe RSV patients, which could be used to help identify at-risk patients and develop therapeutically protective microbial assemblages that may stimulate immuno-protection.MethodsWe enrolled 58 infants hospitalized with RSV, all were admitted to the pediatric ward. 53 remained in the pediatric ward (moderate) and 5 were moved to the pediatric intensive care unit at a later date (severe). We also enrolled 37 healthy infants during their “well-baby checkups” from 2012 to 2015. We evaluated the composition of gut microbiota from stool samples collected within 72 hours of enrollment via 16s sequencing of fecal DNA.Measurements and Main ResultsThere was a significant enrichment in S24_7, Clostridiales, Odoribacteraceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Actinomyces in RSV (moderate and severe) vs. controls. Patients with severe RSV disease had slightly lower alpha diversity (richness and evenness of the bacterial community) of the gut microbiota compared to patients with moderate RSV and healthy controls. Beta diversity (overall microbial composition) was significantly different between all RSV patients (moderate and severe) compared to controls and had significant microbial composition separating all three groups (control, moderate RSV, and severe RSV).ConclusionsCollectively, these data demonstrate that a unique gut microbial profile is associated with severe RSV disease prior to admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. More mechanistic experiments are needed to determine whether the differences observed in gut microbiota are the cause or consequences of severe RSV disease.

scholarly journals Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Cho ◽  
Takemi Murai ◽  
Yukitsugu Nakamura ◽  
Takayuki Yamanaka ◽  
Kahoru Fukuoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ◽  
Syncytial Virus
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