Foreign Policy Elites, Ideology and Decision-Making: A Case Study of the Finnish Elites' Image of the Third World and Their Participation in Decision-Making

1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aira Kalela
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Third World ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Policy Elites

The structure and content of the Finnish foreign policy elite's ideology concerning the issue area of relations with the Third World and development cooperation is discussed. The purpose of the analysis is to increase the understanding of the nature of foreign policy formation. Both potential and actual elites are studied. First the criteria by which the potential elite can be defined arc discussed and then, in order to discover the actual elite, various means of influence are analysed. The various elements of the ideology of the elite are studied in detail. The relationship between the content of the ideology and the functional and structural position of the elite as well as its general societal ideology is also analysed in order to discover the factors which influence the content of the ideology.

Trade politics in the Third World: a case study of Mexican GATT decision

1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Story
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Third World ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Domestic Constraints ◽  
Trade Politics ◽  
Outright Rejection ◽  
The Third World

In 1980 Mexico decided not to join the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Certain objective conditions formed a positive environment for Mexican adherence, but President L6pez Portillo postponed Mexican entry indefinitely. This critical decision is examined from two perspectives: a left-leaning foreign policy, and domestic constraints in the Mexican political system. Major foreign policy factors were a growing resentment of U.S. dominance combined with a preference for conducting relations with the U.S. on a bilateral basis. Internal political pressures reflected the continued reform of the Mexican political system at the upper levels and the relative autonomy of some elite groups from the state. L6pez Portillo's decision did not constitute an outright rejection of trade liberalization. However, the decision could have international repercussions in ‘politicizing’ U.S.-Mexican trade relations, in slowing trends toward freer trade (especially in Latin America), and in strengthening multilateral organizations like UNCTAD in which Third World countries exercise considerable power.

Warfare, oracles and iron: a case study of production among the pre-colonial Klowe, in the light of some recent Marxist analyses

Africa ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brown
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
The Third ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The Third World

Opening ParagraphIt is perhaps surprising that the recent resurgence of interest in the application of Marxist theory to the study of the historically non-capitalist societies of the Third World should have focused, at least in part, upon the stateless societies of Africa. To some extent, this interest in some of the least differentiated and least class-stratified of societies can be related to the fundamental problematic of Marxist sociology: the characterization of the stage of advanced communism, which remains so obscure in Marx's own theoretical work. An understanding of the dynamics of ‘primitive’ communism might be seen, therefore, as an essential precursor to this underlying concern. Certainly, the often highly tendentious views of Marxist writers on such issues as the definition of the state and the extent of exploitation in the primitive communist mode can be related to this need. However, the rise of Marxist anthropology has not only been presented as a problem of general evolutionary theory. Other influences have been offered to account for the new concern, the most widely cited being the supposed crisis of functionalism, and the resulting necessity for a complete reorientation of the whole discipline of anthropology. Stateless societies, having long occupied a central place in the field of anthropological enquiry, and yet outwardly presenting such simplicity of form, offer a particular challenge to the radical, and in several recent works have been interpreted in what is claimed to be a novel and distinctive way.

scholarly journals The Production and Consumption of Cultural Villages in South Africa: A Decolonial Epistemic Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Ndlovu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Third World ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Tourism Studies ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Epistemic Perspective

While many of the peoples who exist in the ‘spatio-temporal’ construct known as the postcolonial world today are convinced that they have succeeded – through anticolonial and anti-imperial struggles – to defeat colonial domination, the majority of the people of the same part of the world have not yet reaped the freedoms which they aimed to achieve. The question that emerges out of the failure to realise the objectives of anti-colonial and anti-imperial struggles by the people of the Third World after a number of years of absence of juridical-administrative colonial and apartheid systems is to what extent did the people who sought to dethrone colonial domination understand the complexity of the colonial system? And to what end did the ability and/or inability to master the complexity of the colonial system affect the process of decolonization? Through the case study of the production and consumption of cultural villages in South Africa, this article deploys a de-colonial epistemic perspective to reveal, within the context of tourism studies, the complexity of the colonial system and why a truly decolonized postcolonial world has so far eluded the people of the developing world.

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