scholarly journals An Exploratory Study of COVID-19’s Impact on Psychological Distress and Antisocial Behavior Among Justice-Involved Youth

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110547
Author(s):  
Joan A. Reid ◽  
Tiffany Chenneville ◽  
Sarah M. Gardy ◽  
Michael T. Baglivio
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
General Strain Theory ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Strain Theory ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Latent Growth Models ◽  
General Strain

Little is known about how justice-involved youth are coping with stress related to COVID-19. This study examined changes in psychological distress and antisocial behavior indicators among 557 youths on probation who completed two assessments during pre-COVID-19 conditions and two assessments during post-COVID-19 conditions. Drawing from Agnew’s General Strain Theory, the study used multivariate latent growth models to examine: (a) changes in psychological distress and antisocial behavior over time, (b) the associations of the changes, and (c) differences across sex, race, and ethnicity regarding changes in psychological distress. In support of General Strain Theory, results highlight that indicators of psychological distress and antisocial behavior increased during post-COVID-19 conditions when compared to pre-COVID-19 conditions for the full sample and for subsamples of youth categorized by sex, race, and ethnicity.

The Effects of Criminal Propensity and Strain on Later Offending

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (13) ◽  
pp. 1655-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Craig ◽  
Stephanie M. Cardwell ◽  
Alex R. Piquero
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
General Strain Theory ◽  
Strain Theory ◽  
Adolescent Offenders ◽  
Longitudinal Sample ◽  
Criminal Propensity ◽  
Vicarious Victimization ◽  
General Strain ◽  
The Impact

Recently, Agnew has narrowed the focus of General Strain Theory by arguing certain factors must converge for criminal coping to occur. Specifically, individuals must have certain crime-related traits, experience strains that are perceived as unjust and high in magnitude, and occur in situations that encourage criminal coping. A longitudinal sample of serious adolescent offenders was used to assess the impact of direct and vicarious victimization on later offending among those with higher and lower criminal propensity. Regardless of their criminal propensity, youth who experienced victimization were more likely to engage in antisocial behavior compared with those who were not victimized. The results are mixed regarding Agnew’s thesis and suggest that victimization experiences may push justice-involved youth into further crime.

Examining How Testosterone and Cortisol Influence the Relationship Between Strain, Negative Emotions, and Antisocial Behavior: A Gendered Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1470-1501
Author(s):  
Eric M. Cooke ◽  
Eric J. Connolly ◽  
Danielle L. Boisvert ◽  
Todd A. Armstrong ◽  
Richard H. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
General Strain Theory ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Strain Theory ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
General Strain ◽  
The Relationship

This study provides a test of General Strain Theory by examining the relations between strain, negative emotions, and biological hormones in the prediction of antisocial behavior across gender. Findings from a diverse sample of 512 undergraduate students reveal that strain and the ratio between testosterone to cortisol reactivity are associated with higher levels of antisocial behavior in males, but not females. In contrast, the effect of depressive symptoms on antisocial behavior is stronger at higher levels of strain and ratio of testosterone to cortisol reactivity in females. Drug use and depressive symptoms were found to partly mediate the association between strain and antisocial behavior in females, but not males.

Nuances in Alzheimer’s Genetic Risk Reveal Differential Predictions of Non-demented Memory Aging Trajectories: Selective Patterns by APOE Genotype and Sex

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Peggy McFall ◽  
Lars Bäckman ◽  
Roger A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Latent Growth Models ◽  
Selective Protection ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Apoe Genotypes

Background: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a prominent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and a frequent target for associations with non-demented and cognitively impaired aging. APOE offers a unique opportunity to evaluate two dichotomous comparisons and selected gradations of APOE risk. Some evidence suggests that APOE effects may differ by sex and emerge especially in interaction with other AD-related biomarkers (e.g., vascular health). Methods: Longitudinal trajectories of non-demented adults (n = 632, 67% female, Mage = 68.9) populated a 40-year band of aging. Focusing on memory performance and individualized memory trajectories, a sequence of latent growth models was tested for predictions of (moderation between) APOE and pulse pressure (PP) as stratified by sex. The analyses (1) established robust benchmark PP effects on memory trajectories, (2) compared predictions of alternative dichotomous groupings (ε4- vs ε4+, ε2- vs ε2+), and (3) examined precision-based predictions by disaggregated APOE genotypes. Results: Healthier (lower) PP was associated with better memory performance and less decline. Therefore, all subsequent analyses were conducted in the interactive context of PP effects and sex stratification. The ε4-based dichotomization produced no differential genetic predictions. The ε2-based analyses showed sex differences, including selective protection for ε2-positive females. Exploratory follow-up disaggregated APOE genotype analyses suggested selective ε2 protection effects for both homozygotic and heterozygotic females. Conclusion: Precision analyses of AD genetic risk will advance the understanding of underlying mechanisms and improve personalized implementation of interventions.

A TEST OF GENERAL STRAIN THEORY*

Criminology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISA M. BROIDY
Keyword(s):  
General Strain Theory ◽  
Strain Theory ◽  
General Strain
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