Gender, development, and HIV/AIDS: Implications for child mortality in less industrialized countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Gender Development ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals The prevention of intrapartum HIV/Aids transmission from mother to child

Curationis ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Roets
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Effective Practices ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv Aids

The transmission of HIV/AIDS from mother to child is the main cause of HIV/AIDS in children and child mortality. Two-thirds of children with HIV/AIDS are infected in the intrapartum period (Farley, 2000:1-2). Midwives, through effective practices, can lower the transmission of HIV/AIDS from mother to child in the intrapartum period. The aim of the study was to determine which preventive practices registered midwives in provincial labour wards in Bloemfontein, implement to lower the risk of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS and in doing so to lower child mortality.

HOW CHILD COSTS AND SURVIVAL SHAPED THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Strulik ◽  
Jacob Weisdorf
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Growth Theory ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Demographic Transitions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Net Reproduction

This study provides a unified growth theory to correctly predict the initially negative and subsequently positive relationship between child mortality and net reproduction observed in industrialized countries over the course of their demographic transitions. The model captures the intricate interplay between technological progress, mortality, fertility, and economic growth in the transition from Malthusian stagnation to modern growth. It not only provides an explanation for the demographic observation that fertility rates response with a delay to lower child mortality, but also identifies a number of turning points over the course of development, suggesting a high degree of complexity in the relationships between various economic and demographic variables.

scholarly journals Is Swaziland on Track with the 2015 Millennium Development Goals?

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1117-1123
Author(s):  
A Sathiya Susuman
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
National Development ◽  
Global Partnership ◽  
The Social ◽  
Promote Gender Equality ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
Hiv Aids

According to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) agreement, each participating country has to periodically provide a report that will show the progress on their achievement towards the goals. This article’s aim is to evaluate Swaziland’s prospects of achieving eight MDGs by 2015. This article is an analysis of the current situation of Swaziland, and the aim of this analysis is to look beyond the statistical values to see if the achievements (including lifetime achievements) are on track and whether what is yet to be achieved can really be achieved. Secondary information was collected from various sources. Several countries and organizations have committed themselves to the following eight development goals: (1) eradicate extreme poverty; (2) achieve universal primary education; (3) promote gender equality and empower women; (4) reduce child mortality; (5) improve maternal health; (6) combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; (7) ensure environmental sustainability; and (8) develop a global partnership for development. National development is dependent on many factors; therefore, different countries across the world have adopted the MDGs as means of alleviating many of the social ills hindering progress and development. Based on different sources, Swaziland is on track with its MDGs, and there is no doubt that Swaziland will continue to work hard to these ends. It has been argued that there has been progress made that has resulted in significant changes to people’s lives, but the question that has to be asked is how long these achievements can realistically last. A reduction of the rate of child mortality, maternal mortality and HIV/AIDS in Swaziland are needed.

scholarly journals Impact of HIV/Aids on Child Mortality before the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era: A Study in Pointe-Noire, Republic of Congo

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Lallemant ◽  
Gaston Halembokaka ◽  
Gaelle Baty ◽  
Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong ◽  
Francis Barin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Child Deaths ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Pointe Noire ◽  
Hiv Aids

Few studies have documented the contribution of HIV/AIDS to mortality among children under 15 years. From June 30 to October 19, 2001, all child deaths (n=588) registered to the morgue and/or hospitals of the city of Pointe-Noire, Congo, were investigated using a combined approach including an interview of relatives andpostmortemclinical and biological HIV diagnosis. Twenty-one percent of children were HIV positive, while 10.5% of deaths were attributed to AIDS. The most common causes of death in HIV-infected children were pneumonia (30%), pyrexia (22%), diarrhoea (16%) and wasting syndrome (16%). Infant mortality rate was estimated 6.3 times higher in children born to HIV-infected mothers compared to HIV-uninfected mothers. This study provides a direct measure of HIV/AIDS as impact on child mortality using a rapid and reliable method. A significant number of deaths could be prevented if HIV infection was diagnosed earlier and infants were provided with antiretroviral treatments.

Childhood Injuries: Where We Are

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1084-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L. Rosenberg ◽  
Juan G. Rodriguez ◽  
Terence L. Chorba
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Childhood Morbidity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Us Children

INJURY RESPONSIBLE FOR EXCESS CHILD MORTALITY IN THE UNITED STATES Child mortality rates are higher in the United States than in most European industrialized countries. This excess in mortality is not due to a difference in death rates from all natural causes; rather, all the excess mortality among US children can be attributed to injury (Fig 1). These differences are particularly notable for children 15 to 19 years of age. Suicide rates among 15- to 19-year-olds are higher in the United States than in most other industrialized countries (Fig 2). Excess homicide mortality among 15- to 19-year-olds is particularly striking (Fig 3). In 1985, 1579 homicides occurred among males and females aged 15 to 19 years in the United States. In the same year, only 150 homicides occurred among 15- to 19-year-old males and females in the Federal Republic of Germany, France, England and Wales, Sweden, Canada, and Japan, despite the fact that the combined population of these countries is 1.4 times the populations of the United States. Our successes in infectious disease control dramatize our failures to control injuries effectively and increase the relative importance of injury. Injury is now the leading cause of childhood mortality and disability and a leading cause of childhood morbidity. In the last 60 years, death rates due to infectious diseases declined 90%, but death rates due to injuries declined only 40%. Since 1968 rates of injury deaths among children declined 25%, but death rates for diseases declined 56% (Fig 4). Deaths from diseases have decreased in the United States, but deaths from injuries have not decreased as much.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document