Collaborating with Culturally Competent Prenatal Education among Hispanic Communities

Introduction. Hispanics represent the largest minority group in the United States. In Kansas, the population of Hispanics has been increasing; unfortunately, their infant mortality rate has increased as well. Baby Talk is a prenatal education program promoting maternal and infant health through risk-reduction strategies and healthy decision-making. The aim of this pilot project was to develop and evaluate a Spanish curriculum for Baby Talk. Methods. A collaborative partnership between community members and bilingual health professionals from different origins, nationalities, and Spanish dialects was formed to create a culturally and linguistically appropriate Spanish Baby Talk curriculum. This interventional pilot study employed survey and interviews to evaluate participant knowledge, intentions, satisfaction and perceptions of the newly developed curriculum. Results. Fifteen pregnant women participated in Spanish Baby Talk. Of those, 12 participated in either phone interviews (n=6) or a focus group (n=6). All respondents described their experience with the Spanish Baby Talk program as “excellent”. Significant increases in knowledge were seen related to topics such as benefits of full-term pregnancy and benefits of breastfeeding. Four themes were identified from the focus group and interviews: 1) lack of accessible community resources; 2) sense of community; 3) Spanish Baby Talk strengths; and 4) areas for improvements. Conclusions. Findings suggested that the Spanish Baby Talk curriculum was linguistically appropriate and resulted in increases in knowledge and intentions related to health and safety behaviors. Areas for improvement were related to marketing the program and referring to resources that provide material supports (i.e., diapers) to continue the move towards a culturally competent program.

Background predictors of time to death in infancy: evidence from a survival analysis of the 2018 Nigeria DHS data

Background Nigeria’s child health profile is quite concerning with an infant mortality rate of 67 deaths per 1000 live births and a significant slowing down in progress towards improving child health outcomes. Nigeria’s 2018 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) suggests several bio-demographic risk factors for child death, including mother’s poor education, poverty, sex of child, age of mother, and location (rural vs urban) but studies are yet to explore the predictive power of these variables on infant survival in Nigeria. Methods The study extracted data for all births in the last 12 months preceding the 2018 Nigeria DHS and used the Cox proportional hazard model to predict infant survival in Nigeria. Failure in this analysis is death with two possible outcomes – dead/alive – while the survival time variable is age at death. We censored infants who were alive at the time of the study on the day of the interview. Covariates in the analysis were: age of mother, education of mother, wealth quintile, sex of child, location, region, place of delivery, and age of pregnancy. Results The study found that a higher education of a mother compared to no education (β = .429; p-value < 0.05); belonging to a household in the richer wealth quintile (β = .618; p-value < 0.05) or the highest quintile (β = .553; p-value < 0.05), compared to the lowest wealth quintile; and living in North West (β = 1.418; p-value < 0.05) or South East zone (β = 1.711; p-value < 0.05), significantly predict infant survival. Conclusion Addressing Nigeria’s infant survival problem requires interventions that give attention to the key drivers – education, socio-economic status, and socio-cultural contextual issues. We therefore recommend full implementation of the universal basic education policy, and child health education programs targeted at mothers as long- and short-term solutions to the problem of poor child health outcomes in Nigeria. We also argue in favor of better use of evidence in policy and program development in Nigeria.

Pelatihan Bidan tentang Komunikasi Interpersonal dan Konseling (KIP/K) dalam Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Antenatal Care di Puskesmas Kalitidu Kabupaten Bojonegoro

ABSTRAK Indikator keteraturan pemeriksaan kehamilan menggambarkan kualitas pelayanan Program Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA). Pada tahun 2019 di Puskesmas Kalitidu cakupan Kunjungan Kehamilan (K4) di Puskesmas Kalitidu belum mencapai target 100% yaitu tercapai 91%. Komplikasi kehamilan targetnya 15-20%, tercapai 40.96% dan komplikasi persalinan 44,17%. Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) sebesar 8,13/1000 KH. Sedangkan Bidan di wilayah Puskesmas Kalitidu yang belum mengikuti pelatihan KIP/K sebesar 20 orang (90,91%) dari 22 bidan.Tujuan umum untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan Bidan melalui pelatihan bidan tentang Komunikasi Interpersonal dan Konseling (KIP/K) dalam upaya peningkatan kualitas ANC. Pelatihan ini dilaksanakan selama tiga hari di Puskesmas Kalitidu, diikuti 22 bidan dengan metode ceramah tanya jawab,demonstrasi dan praktik KIP/K. Hasil kegiatan adalah peningkatan kualitas Bidan dalam KIP/K yaitu peningkatan pengetahuan dengan nilai rata-rata post tes 94,55 %, keterampilan KIP/K nilai rata-rata 82,50%, terbentuknya Komitmen Bersama Bidan dalam mendukung mensukseskan kegiatan Bidan tentang KIP&K dalam upaya peningkatan kualitas ANC. Luarannya peningkatan kualitas Bidan, HKI, Modul dan jurnal. Saran: sosialisasi KIP/K pada Bidan yang belum mengikuti pelatihan dan 7 hak ibu hamil pada pelayanan ANC serta menerapkannya dalam pelayanan ANC. Kata kunci: Bidan, KIP/K, Pengabmas, pelatihan. ABSTRACT The indicators of regularity for antenatal care describe the quality of services for the Maternal and Child Health Program (MCH). In 2019 at the Kalitidu Health Center cThe coverage of Pregnancy Visits (K4) at the Kalitidu Health Center has not reached the 100% target, which is 91%. The target for pregnancy complications is 15-20%, achieved 40.96% and delivery complications 44.17%. The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is 8.13/1000 KH. Meanwhile, 20 midwives in the Kalitidu Community Health Center have not attended KIP/K training (90.91%) out of 22 midwives. ANC quality. This training was held for three days at the Kalitidu Health Center, attended by 22 midwives with a question and answer lecture method, demonstration, and KIP/K practice. The result of the activity is an increase in the quality of Midwives in KIP/K, namely an increase in knowledge with an average post-test score of 94.55%, KIP/K skills an average score of 82.50%, the formation of a Joint Commitment of Midwives in supporting the success of Midwives' activities on KIP&K in an effort to improve the quality of ANC. The output is improving the quality of midwives, HKI, modules, and journals. Suggestion: socialization of KIP/K to midwives who have not attended training and 7 rights of pregnant women in ANC services and apply them in ANC services. Keywords: Midwife, KIP/K, Community Service, training.

Comparison of infant mortality and associated factors between Korean and immigrant women in Korea: an 11-year longitudinal study

Purpose: This study compared infant mortality and the factors associated with infant mortality between Korean and immigrant women using vital statistics gathered by Statistics Korea.Methods: Birth and death statistics from the period between 2009 and 2019 were extracted from the census of population dynamics data of the Microdata Integrated Service, Korea. Statistical data were derived from a complete survey and infant mortality was analyzed from mortality statistics data. Descriptive statistics were used for comparison. Results: The average infant mortality rate (IMR) of Korean women was 2.7, which did not change significantly between 2009 and 2019; however, the IMR of immigrant women increased significantly in 2018 to 4.2 and subsequently decreased to 2.6 in 2019. Moreover, the age of Korean and immigrant women at the time of infant death gradually increased from 31.1 years and 25.9 years in 2009 to 32.8 years and 30.9 years in 2019, respectively. The gestational age was lower for deceased infants born to immigrant women (mean, 31.0 weeks; standard deviation [SD], 6.4; median, 30.0) compared to those born to Korean women (mean, 31.7 weeks; SD, 6.5; median, 32.0). Immigrant women (91.7%) received slightly fewer antenatal care (ANC) visits compared to Korean women (93.1%). Meanwhile, the birth weights of infants born to Korean and immigrant women showed a tendency toward gradual decline from 2009 through 2019. Conclusion: It is vital to devise a plan to lower the IMR of immigrant women in Korea. Moreover, it is necessary to explore the factors related to infant mortality among immigrant women within the context of Korean societal situation, culture, and home environment.

Life expectancy of population of the northern regions in the Russian Federation: Tendencies and potential for growth

The article is devoted to the tendencies in life expectancy of population of the northern regions of Russia in the context of growth and regional convergence indicator in the early 2000s and possibilities for its further growth. The sources of information are the official Rosstat data. Life expectancy in the North has been found to be largely subordinate to the Russian-wide patterns of the regional convergence: the compaction of the northern constituent entities to the national average level occurred at both the top and bottom levels. Both the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Districts experienced a significant decline, as did the gap in most regions with life expectancy below that of the Russian Federation. Only Kamchatka Krai and Magadan Oblast increased the lag, while maintaining group affiliation in the regional grouping in terms of life expectancy. The potential for the further growth in life expectancy in the North is being determined by the insufficient reduction in mortality caused by the circulatory system diseases and increase in the neoplasm mortality within the period of 2003–2019, and environmental and behavioral risk factors reflected in the differences in life expectancy in different settlements, its gender differentiation and the high level of mortality from external causes. The large difference in life expectancy between urban and rural areas makes the large potential in the northern regions except Murmansk Oblast and partly the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Almost all northern constituent entities have a significant potential posed by the male under-representation indicator. Despite a significant rate of decline, external causes of death and their share in cause-related mortality are widespread in the North. With the exception of the Chukotka Autonomous District, within recent years, infant mortality rate in the North has been fairly good — it can no longer be considered as a potential for the life expectancy growth of population.

Hubungan Penyakit Periodontal pada Ibu Hamil dengan Kejadian Bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR)

Periodontal disease is still one of the dental and oral health disorders that has a high prevalence worldwide. Moreover, it can cause disorders in pregnancy including low birth weight (LBW) infant with the risks of death as well as disorders of growth and development in children. To date, low birth weight is one of the causes of high infant mortality rate. This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease in pregnant women and the incidence of LBW baby. This was a literature review study searching data on three databases namely Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar and using keywords and a combination of boolean operators. After being selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, critical appraisal was conducted, and nine literatures were obtained: cross sectional study, case-control study, cohort study designs. The results showed that the most common periodontal disease in pregnant women was periodontitis. Women who gave birth to LBW babies had poor periodontal conditions compared to women who gave birth to babies with normal weight. Most of the literatures showed a significant relationship between periodontal disease in pregnant women and the incidence of LBW baby. In conclusion, there is a relationship between periodontal disease in pregnant women and the incidence of LBW infant. Periodontitis is one of the risk factors of poor pregnancy outcomes.Keywords: periodontal disease; pregnant women; low birth weight (LBW) Abstrak: Penyakit periodontal masih merupakan salah satu gangguan kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan prevalensi cukup tinggi di dunia. Dampak penyakit periodontal dapat berupa gangguan pada kehamilan termasuk terjadinya kelahiran bayi berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) yang berisiko kematian bayi, serta gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Bayi BBLR merupakan salah satu penyebab tingginya angka kematian bayi (AKB). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara penyakit periodontal pada ibu hamil dengan BBLR. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review dengan pencarian data pada tiga database yaitu Pubmed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci dan kombinasi boolean operator. Setelah diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, dilakukan critical appraisal, dan didapatkan sembilan literatur dengan desain studi cross sectional, case-control, dan cohort. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa penyakit periodontal yang terbanyak pada ibu hamil ialah periodontitis. Ibu yang melahirkan bayi BBLR memiliki kondisi periodontal yang buruk dibandingkan ibu yang melahirkan bayi dengan berat badan cukup. Sebagian besar literatur yang ditelaah menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara penyakit periodontal pada ibu hamil dengan kejadian BBLR. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara penyakit periodontal pada ibu hamil dengan kejadian bayi BBLR. Periodontitis merupakan salah satu faktor risiko hasil kehamilan yang buruk.Kata kunci: penyakit periodontal; ibu hamil; berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR)

Addressing Black Infant Mortality Through Harnessing the Power of Community

In Hamilton County, Ohio, the infant mortality rate is above the national average and the Black infant mortality rate is more than 3 times the white infant mortality rate. These racial disparities in infant mortality cannot be explained through other socio-economic characteristics like education, income, housing, or medical insurance. Research has shown that racism, not race itself, is the driving force behind the high disparity in infant mortality rates in Hamilton County and the nation as well. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Institute of Medicine have long cited institutional/structural racism and cultural racism as a key factor in health disparity. A paradigm shift needed to occur to address the consequences of racism within the lives of Black women, namely disempowerment and agency. The Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) model was which engaged Black women and positioned them as an asset, to share in the process of strategizing, creating, and implementing a plan. Queens Village was founded to implement the CSDH model and address the upstream determinants of infant mortality through cultivating a sense of community.

Hubungan Paritas Dengan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR)

One of the indicators that determine a country's health status is the high and low number of the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). Meanwhile, the incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) is one of the main determining factors that contribute to the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). Many factors cause an increase in the number of IMR, one of which is parity. This study aims to determine the relationship between parity and low birth weight (LBW) in Cendrawasih Dobo Hospital, Aru Islands Regency.This study uses analytical research with a "retrospective" research design. The dependent variable is parity and the independent variable is LBW. The population in this study were all mothers who had LBW in Cendrawasih Dobo Hospital, Aru Islands Regency in 2020 as many as 42 mothers with LBW babies. Sampling using a total sampling technique. The study was conducted from July 1 to August 31, 2020, using secondary data, and analyzed using the Spearman Ranks statistical test.The results showed that almost half of the primiparous mothers gave birth to LBW babies, namely 15 babies (35.7%) and most of the multipara mothers gave birth to 22 LBW babies (52.4%). Based on the results of statistical tests using Spearman Rho with = 0.05) the value of count (0.470) > r table (0.257) then H1 is accepted, H0 is rejected, this means that there is a parity relationship with low birth weight (LBW).There were that not only high parity has the potential for LBW births, but even low parity has the potential to occur LBW births considering that there are many factors that can influence it, not only in terms of maternal parity. Health agencies can make efforts to prevent the occurrence of LBW by improving the quality of health services.