scholarly journals Sibilant Fricative Merging in Taiwan Mandarin: An Investigation of Tongue Postures using Ultrasound Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-897
Author(s):  
Chenhao Chiu ◽  
Po-Chun Wei ◽  
Masaki Noguchi ◽  
Noriko Yamane
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Perceptual Identification ◽  
Spectral Moment ◽  
Taiwan Mandarin ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Sibilant Fricatives

In Taiwan Mandarin, retroflex [ʂ] is allegedly merging with dental [s], reducing the traditional three-way contrast between sibilant fricatives (i.e., dental [s]–retroflex [ʂ]–alveopalatal [ɕ]) to a two-way contrast. Most of the literature on the observed merging focuses on the acoustic properties and perceptual identification of the sibilants, whereas much less attention has been drawn to the articulatory evidence accounting for the aforementioned sibilant merging. The current study employed ultrasound imaging techniques to uncover the tongue postures for the three sibilant fricatives [s, ʂ, ɕ] in Taiwan Mandarin occurring before vowels [a], [ɨ], and [o]. Results revealed varying classes of the [s–ʂ] merger: complete merging ( overlap), no merging ( non-overlap), and context-dependent merging ( context-dependent overlap, which only occurred before [a]). The observed [s–ʂ] merger was also confirmed by the perceptual identification by trained phoneticians. Center of gravity (CoG), a reliable spectral moment of identifying different sibilant fricatives, was also measured to reflect the articulatory–acoustic correspondence. Results showed that the [s–ʂ] merger varies across speakers and may also be conditioned by vowel contexts and that articulatory mergers may not be entirely reflected in CoG values, suggesting that auxiliary articulatory gestures may be employed to maintain the acoustic contrast.

27. Low Frequency Ultrasound Imaging of Apoptosis in Tumor Response: Non-Invasive Monitoring of Chemotherapy Effects

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Noninvasive Methods ◽  
Frequency Ultrasound

Due to the growing costs of chemotherapy, previous imaging techniques such as MRI or CT scans have become too time-consuming in the assessment of chemotherapy’s effects. With results generated about 2 weeks later, the patient is exposed to the negative side effects of these medications with the possibility that chemotherapy may not be improving their prognosis. Thus, ultrasound has become increasingly popular as a method to determine chemotherapy’s effect on tumors within 24 hours. Both low and high-frequency ultrasound are novel, noninvasive methods for detecting cell death based on changes in cell morphology. Condensation, fragmentation and alterations in the cell nucleus during apoptosis are linked to changes in the cell’s acoustic properties, as indicated by experimental evidence. In this study, quantitative ultrasound was used to follow responses of tumor models to chemotherapy in vivo. As studies have shown that structural changes can occur as early as 24 hours after treatment, ultrasound imaging was administered before and 24 hours after treatment. Changes in ultrasound parameters such as spectral slope, Y-intercept, and midband fit were analyzed relative to pretreatment control data and when compared to changes in the tumors seen through cell staining, changes consistent with cell death were observed.

P1 NOVEL ULTRASOUND IMAGING TECHNIQUES HELP CHARACTERIZE AND IDENTIFY THE VULNERABLE PLAQUE

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. S2-S2
Author(s):  
F Al-mutairi ◽  
B Kanber ◽  
J Garrard ◽  
T C Hartshorne ◽  
T G Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Vulnerable Plaque ◽  
Imaging Techniques

Phonetics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golnaz Modarresi Ghavami
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Suprasegmental Features ◽  
Sibilant Fricatives ◽  
Manner Of Articulation

This chapter discusses the articulatory and acoustic properties of the sound system of Standard Modern Persian. It starts with a brief review of early work on the sound system of New Persian and its development into Modern Persian. The second section examines consonants and vowels in Standard Modern Persian. In this section, issues such as place and manner of articulation of consonants, Voice Onset Time and its importance in distinguishing voiced and voiceless obstruents, the acoustics of glottal consonants, sibilant and non-sibilant fricatives, and rhotics are discussed. The section on vowels addresses vowel space, vowel length, and the acoustics of diphthongs in Standard Modern Persian. The phonetics of the suprasegmental features of stress and intonation are the topic a final section in this chapter.

A Comparative Analysis of Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging Techniques

2010 ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
Andrea Trucco ◽  
Marco Crocco ◽  
Anastasis Kounoudes ◽  
Claudia Sciallero
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

Characterization of controlled bone defects using 2D and 3D ultrasound imaging techniques

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (16) ◽  
pp. 4839-4859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biren J Parmar ◽  
Whitney Longsine ◽  
Eric P Sabonghy ◽  
Arum Han ◽  
Ennio Tasciotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
2D And 3D

Breast Ultrasound Overview

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhavi Raghu ◽  
Liane E. Philpotts
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Medical Physics ◽  
Percutaneous Biopsy ◽  
Breast Ultrasound ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Spatial Compounding ◽  
Ultrasound Study

Ultrasound of the breast is comfortable, widely available, and does not involve ionizing radiation. Indications for a breast ultrasound study include evaluation of a palpable lump, further evaluation of a mammographic or MRI abnormality, screening among women who are at increased cancer risk, and to provide guidance for a percutaneous biopsy. This chapter provides an overview of breast ultrasound, which is a key modality for diagnostic evaluation and, increasingly, for supplemental screening. Topics that will be covered here include the breast anatomy on ultrasound, imaging techniques, medical physics associated with breast ultrasound (including spatial compounding, Doppler imaging, and harmonic imaging), and clinical indications.

Analysis of Three-Dimensional Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Shoulder and Neck Inflammation and Surrounding Tissue Lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1028-1036
Author(s):  
Ziqiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Time Operation

Ultrasound imaging technology can not only show neck tear the degree and extent of disease, to help make the correct diagnosis, can also be used to assess shoulder neck inflammation after surgery to repair a shoulder muscle neck tissue integrity and healing. Ultrasound imaging with high-resolution, real-time operation, low cost, etc. gradually become shoulder neck inflammatory disease preferred imaging modality. The sensitivity and specificity for three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of shoulder neck inflammation were 78% and 93% in this study. The full-thickness inflammation sensitivity and specificity were 50% and 95%. The sensitivity and specificity of inflammation were 57% and 87%, respectively. This study shows that the diagnostic accuracy of 3D ultrasound imaging in shoulder and neck inflammation and surrounding tissue lesions is close to that of MRI. Three-dimensional appearance of new technologies such as ultrasound imaging will further improve ultrasound imaging techniques in shoulder neck inflammation application in the diagnosis and treatment assessment.

A Realistic Phantom for Ultrasound-Guided Central Venous Cannulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Yen Ng ◽  
Chi-Lun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Venous Cannulation ◽  
Central Venous Cannulation ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Prototype Development

Abstract Ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation (CVC) has become standard to care. Ultrasound imaging allows the CVC procedure to be completed much safer than a standard blind landmark approach. To enhance medical personnel’s skill in performing challenging ultrasound-guided CVC, an adult size CVC phantom that simulated the human head to the chest, with a detachable CVC operational part, was proposed in this study to provide medical personnel with realistic needle insertion haptic feedback and ultrasound imaging. The detachable CVC operational part could be customized to simulate different patient conditions, such as adult patient (with normal standard size of vascular), the elderly (with collapsed vascular), children (with smaller diameter of vascular), vascular fibrosis patient (with hardening of vascular) and obese patient (with thick fat tissue). In the current stage of prototype development, a CVC operational part with simulated blood vessels and clavicle embedded inside the fat- and muscle-mimicking tissue was produced. Both the fat- and muscle-mimicking tissue pose mechanical and acoustic properties similar to real tissues. The target vein for CVC procedure could be recognized from the ultrasound imaging of the CVC operational part.

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