Understanding what works in the police management of child sex offenders in the community

2021 ◽  
pp. 0032258X2110187
Author(s):  
LS Christensen ◽  
S Rayment-McHugh ◽  
N McKillop ◽  
N Cairns ◽  
J Webster
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Police Management ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Effective Practice ◽  
What Works ◽  
Assisted Management

Police are becoming increasingly responsible for monitoring convicted child sex offenders in the community. A Rapid Evidence Assessment was undertaken to capture ‘what works’ and what ‘shows promise’ in existing and emerging, innovative policing practices. A total of 920 searches were performed across five databases, spanning the last 5 years. After removal of duplicates and those that did not meet inclusion criteria, 61 articles were analysed. Two key strategies, with sub-strategies, emerged: (1) formalised, targeted management and (2) technology-assisted management. An adapted ‘EMMIE’ framework presents the ‘effects’, the overarching ‘mechanisms’ and ‘moderators’ of success, and ‘implementation’ considerations for effective practice.

scholarly journals Insufficient Reporting of Factors Associated With Exercise Referral Scheme Uptake, Attendance, and Adherence: A Systematic Review of Reviews

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 667-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin B. Shore ◽  
Gill Hubbard ◽  
Trish Gorely ◽  
Robert Polson ◽  
Angus Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
What Works ◽  
Review Of Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Exercise Referral ◽  
Exercise Referral Scheme

Background: Exercise referral schemes (ERS) are prescribed programs to tackle physical inactivity and associated noncommunicable disease. Inconsistencies in reporting, recording, and delivering ERS make it challenging to identify what works, why, and for whom. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guided this narrative review of reviews. Electronic databases were searched for systematic reviews of ERS. Inclusion criteria and quality assessed through A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). Data on uptake, attendance, and adherence were extracted. Results: Eleven reviews met inclusion criteria. AMSTAR quality was medium. Uptake ranged between 35% and 81%. Groups more likely to take up ERS included (1) females and (2) older adults. Attendance ranged from 12% to 49%. Men were more likely to attend ERS. Effect of medical diagnosis upon uptake and attendance was inconsistent. Exercises prescribed were unreported; therefore, adherence to exercise prescriptions was unreported. The influence of theoretically informed approaches on uptake, attendance, and adherence was generally lacking; however, self-determination, peer support, and supervision were reported as influencing attendance. Conclusions: There was insufficient reporting across studies about uptake, attendance, and adherence. Complex interventions such as ERS require consistent definitions, recording, and reporting of these key facets, but this is not evident from the existing literature.

scholarly journals What Works When Treating Granulomatous Disease in Genetically Undefined CVID? A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid C. van Stigt ◽  
Willem A. Dik ◽  
Lieke S. J. Kamphuis ◽  
Bas M. Smits ◽  
Joris M. van Montfrans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Granulomatous Disease ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
What Works ◽  
Literature Overview ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Common Variable

BackgroundGranulomatous disease is reported in at least 8–20% of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Granulomatous disease mainly affects the lungs, and is associated with significantly higher morbidity and mortality. In half of patients with granulomatous disease, extrapulmonary manifestations are found, affecting e.g. skin, liver, and lymph nodes. In literature various therapies have been reported, with varying effects on remission of granulomas and related clinical symptoms. However, consensus recommendations for optimal management of extrapulmonary granulomatous disease are lacking.ObjectiveTo present a literature overview of the efficacy of currently described therapies for extrapulmonary granulomatous disease in CVID (CVID+EGD), compared to known treatment regimens for pulmonary granulomatous disease in CVID (CVID+PGD).MethodsThe following databases were searched: Embase, Medline (Ovid), Web-of-Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were 1) CVID patients with granulomatous disease, 2) treatment for granulomatous disease reported, and 3) outcome of treatment reported. Patient characteristics, localization of granuloma, treatment, and association with remission of granulomatous disease were extracted from articles.ResultsWe identified 64 articles presenting 95 CVID patients with granulomatous disease, wherein 117 different treatment courses were described. Steroid monotherapy was most frequently described in CVID+EGD (21 out of 53 treatment courses) and resulted in remission in 85.7% of cases. In CVID+PGD steroid monotherapy was described in 15 out of 64 treatment courses, and was associated with remission in 66.7% of cases. Infliximab was reported in CVID+EGD in six out of 53 treatment courses and was mostly used in granulomatous disease affecting the skin (four out of six cases). All patients (n = 9) treated with anti-TNF-α therapies (infliximab and etanercept) showed remission of extrapulmonary granulomatous disease. Rituximab with or without azathioprine was rarely used for CVID+EGD, but frequently used in CVID+PGD where it was associated with remission of granulomatous disease in 94.4% (17 of 18 treatment courses).ConclusionAlthough the number of CVID+EGD patients was limited, data indicate that steroid monotherapy often results in remission, and that anti-TNF-α treatment is effective for granulomatous disease affecting the skin. Also, rituximab with or without azathioprine was mainly described in CVID+PGD, and only in few cases of CVID+EGD.

scholarly journals Situational Crime Prevention in Sexual Offenses Against Women: Offenders Tell Us What Works and What Doesn’t

2020 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2091971
Author(s):  
Yi-Ning Chiu ◽  
Benoit Leclerc ◽  
Danielle M. Reynald ◽  
Richard Wortley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Situational Crime Prevention ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Sexual Offenses ◽  
What Works ◽  
Private Setting

This study examined the perceived effectiveness of situational crime prevention (SCP) in sexual assault as rated by 140 offenders convicted for sex offenses against women in Australia. Participants were presented with three scenarios and asked to rate the perceived effectiveness of SCP techniques relating to guardianship, victim self-protective behavior, and crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). Results indicate that the effectiveness of SCP methods was perceived to vary across different contexts. For offenses occurring in the private setting of an offender’s home, victim self-protective behavior was seen as most effective, followed by guardianship and CPTED. In public settings, although the perceived effectiveness of victim self-protective behavior remained the same, guardianship and CPTED were rated as significantly more effective. Further variations were identified regarding specific strategies. Findings highlight the nuances of offender decision making in different situations and environments, and provide the first empirical comparisons of SCP perceptions among sex offenders.

Implementing What Works with Offenders-The Effective Practice Initiative

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Furniss ◽  
Sandra Nutley
Keyword(s):  
Effective Practice ◽  
What Works

scholarly journals Interventions to Improve Menstrual Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Do We Know What Works?

2020 ◽  
pp. 637-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Hennegan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Effective Practice ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
What Works ◽  
Menstrual Health ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Within the context of growing recognition of the importance of menstruation in women’s lives and the resulting expansion of interventions to address menstrual needs, Hennegan takes a step back to look beneath the enthusiasm and best intentions and explore whether these interventions are actually effective. She finds that most efforts are untested, and that there is limited evidence to inform effective practice. She then provides a critical analysis of the evidence for menstrual health interventions in low- and middle-income countries, and concludes with a discussion of the approaches that have been trialed to date, their findings, key gaps, and pathways forward.

What Works?

ASHA Leader ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
Wayne A. Secord
Keyword(s):  
What Works

Raynaud's, Ischemic Finger: What Works, What Doesn't

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
BRUCE JANCIN
Keyword(s):  
What Works

Some Adolescents Mislabeled as Sex Offenders

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
BRUCE JANCIN
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders

Intimate Partner Violence and Help-Seeking

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solveig Lelaurain ◽  
Pierluigi Graziani ◽  
Grégory Lo Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Social Concern ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global social concern: many women are affected by this phenomenon and by the difficulty of putting an end to it. This review of the literature aims to identify help-seeking facilitating and inhibiting factors in response to IPV. It was carried out on the PsycINFO and Medline databases using the following keywords: “intimate partner violence,” “domestic violence,” “help-seeking,” and “help-seeking barrier.” Ninety out of 771 eligible publications were included on the basis of inclusion criteria. The results highlight that (1) research on this phenomenon is very recent and underdeveloped in Europe, (2) theoretical and conceptual frameworks are poorly developed and extended, (3) there is a significant impact of violence characteristics (e.g., severity, type) on help-seeking, and (4) help-seeking is a complex and multifactorial process influenced by a wide range of factors simultaneously individual and social. To conclude, these findings lead us to propose a psychosocial conceptualization of the help-seeking process by indicating how the levels of explanation approach in social psychology can be applied to this field of research in order to increase our understanding of this phenomenon.

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