scholarly journals The recruitment of women and visible minorities into Canadian police forces: Should we expect further progress?

2021 ◽  
pp. 0032258X2110321
Author(s):  
Stephen B Perrott
Keyword(s):  
Racial Bias ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Visible Minorities ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Police Forces

The recruitment of women and minority group members was intended to move Canadian police forces towards societal representation and to enhance services provided to, and improve relations with, women and racially marginalized groups. This review contemplates progress towards these goals at a time of extraordinary public dissatisfaction with Western policing. A rationale is offered for reconsidering the 50% representation target for women and it is emphasized just how little we yet know about racial bias in policing. The review ends with a call for rigorous, apolitical, research to untangle the complex interactions underscoring the considered questions within.

scholarly journals Mixed Evidence for Interactive Effects of Outgroup Proportions and Intergroup Contact on Racial Bias in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062110277
Author(s):  
James R. Rae ◽  
Allison L. Skinner-Dorkenoo ◽  
Anna-Kaisa Reiman ◽  
Katharina Schmid ◽  
Miles Hewstone
Keyword(s):  
Black People ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Ingroup Bias ◽  
Total N ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
Group Members

Dominant majority-group members living in areas with larger proportions of outgroup members tend to express more ingroup bias. However, prior research has rarely considered this in tandem with the bias-reducing effects of intergroup contact or tested whether outgroup proportions have similar effects for oppressed minority-group members. In two preregistered studies, we tested whether contact moderates the association between outgroup proportions and ingroup bias among White and Black Americans (total N > 75,000). As hypothesized, more Black residents in an area predicted greater explicit (but not implicit) ingroup bias among White respondents who reported low (but not high) contact with Black people. By contrast, more White residents in an area predicted lower explicit (but not implicit) ingroup bias among Black respondents regardless of intergroup contact with White people. We qualify previous findings by demonstrating that the association between outgroup proportions and ingroup bias depends on one’s group membership and level of intergroup contact.

scholarly journals Mixed Evidence for Interactive Effects of Outgroup Proportions and Intergroup Contact on Racial Bias in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Skinner-Dorkenoo ◽  
James Richard Rae ◽  
Anna Reiman
Keyword(s):  
Black People ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Ingroup Bias ◽  
Total N ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
Group Members

Dominant majority-group members living in areas with larger proportions of outgroup members tend to express more ingroup bias. However, prior research has rarely considered this in tandem with the bias-reducing effects of intergroup contact or tested whether outgroup proportions have similar effects for oppressed minority-group members. In two preregistered studies, we tested whether contact moderates the association between outgroup proportions and ingroup bias among White and Black Americans (total N>75,000). As hypothesized, more Black residents in an area predicted greater explicit (but not implicit) ingroup bias among White respondents who reported low (but not high) contact with Black people. By contrast, more White residents in an area predicted lower explicit (but not implicit) ingroup bias among Black respondents regardless of intergroup contact with White people. We qualify previous findings by demonstrating that the association between outgroup proportions and ingroup bias depends on one’s group membership and level of intergroup contact.

Referencing Race = Racist? Examining Perceptions of References to a Target’s Race as Offensive

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-481
Author(s):  
Conor J. O’Dea ◽  
Bayleigh N. Smith ◽  
Donald A. Saucier
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Important Implication ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Total N ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Linguistic Functions

We examined majority group members’ perceptions of racial slurs, compared to what we have labeled as combination terms. These combination terms possess the same semantic and pragmatic linguistic functions as racial slurs, functioning to express negative emotion toward, and to describe, a target. Across three studies (total N = 943) racial slurs were not perceived as significantly different from combination terms. We then examined whether participants higher in social dominance beliefs reported greater perceived justification for using combination terms over racial slurs because of their lack of historical denigration of marginalized groups that racial slurs have. Participants, even those higher in socially dominant attitudes, did not perceive greater justification for the use of combination terms than racial slurs. Indeed, an important implication is that race-marking, an understudied area of social psychology, paired with general derogative terms produces terms which may function similarly to racial slurs, but, fortunately, are also similarly vilified in modern society.

scholarly journals Exploring diversity of representation in Toronto and Vancouver : political voices.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skylar Maharaj
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Visible Minority ◽  
Municipal Politics ◽  
Elite Politics ◽  
Visible Minorities ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Personal Experiences

Previous research has shown that Canadian municipalities have lower visible minority proportionality rates among elected officials than other levels of government. To understand why, six visible minority city councillors and candidates from Toronto and Vancouver were interviewed. Respondents contributed their personal experiences and perspectives on issues of mirror, symbolic, and substantive representation of visible minorities. They discussed their initial involvement or interest in elite politics, their role models, and their understanding of the term “visible minority.” A broad narrative describes the complexities of political representation in practice and revealed that there were fewer entry points into elite municipal politics for individuals from marginalized groups. These entry points are further obscured by systemic barriers. Barriers were common for both cities despite differences in electoral systems and council structure. This paper recommends reimagining the “visible minority” categorization, and a policy framework that promotes the democratic ideal through institutional evaluations and acclaim for advancements.

Does Cognitive Depletion Shape Bias Detection for Minority Group Members?

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R. Carter ◽  
Destiny Peery ◽  
Jennifer A. Richeson ◽  
Mary C. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Minority Group ◽  
Shape Bias ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Cognitive Depletion ◽  
Bias Detection
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