scholarly journals Black American College Students Report Higher Memory of Love for Mothers in Childhood Than White Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 880-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Patihis ◽  
Corai E. Jackson ◽  
Jonathan C. Diaz ◽  
Elena V. Stepanova ◽  
Mario E. Herrera
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
White Students ◽  
Parental Attachment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black American ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Attachment Research ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
History Of

Cultural differences between Black and White individuals in the South are connected to the inequitable history of the United States. We wondered if these cultural differences would translate to a particularly precious aspect of life: memories of love felt in childhood toward one’s parents. Some past studies have shown that Whites score higher on parental attachment measures to parents than Blacks, while other studies show no significant differences. However, no previous study has ever measured memory of feelings of love in relation to differences between ethnicities. In this study, Black ( n = 124) and White ( n = 125) undergraduates self-reported the strength and frequency of their past feelings of love toward their mother and father in first, sixth, and ninth grade as well as their current feelings of love. Results suggested that Black students reported feeling more love for their mothers in first, sixth, and ninth grades compared to White students. These findings were not explained when we statistically adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic status, education levels, income, number of years spent living with mother or father, stress, or personality. Therefore, this relationship may be explained by unmeasured or unmeasurable cultural differences. The direction of this effect was in the opposite direction from what we expected based on past attachment research. Given the inequities in U.S. history and the current discussions around ethnicity and race in the United States, the finding that Blacks reported higher remembered feelings of love for their mothers in childhood is intriguing and worthy of dissemination and discussion.

Continuing the Conversation on Chinese Human Rights

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 177-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger T. Ames
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Relativism ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Confucian Values ◽  
Universal Human Rights ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Human

In recent years China has entered the international human rights debate, consistently making the case for cultural diversity in the formulation of human rights policy. Ames follows this argument of cultural relativism, emphasizing China's cultural differences and critiquing the concept of universal human rights, particularly as presented by Jack Donnelly in his book Universal Human Rights. Discussing the history of universal human rights and Confucian values, Ames asserts that a growing dialogue between China and the United States would benefit China in terms of political and individual rights and the United States in terms of a greater sense of civic virtue.

Archival Amnesty: In Search of Black American Transitional and Restorative Justice

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonia Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black American ◽  
Truth And Reconciliation ◽  
Counter Narratives ◽  
History Of

Archives as memory institutions have a collective mandate to document and preserve a national cultural heritage. Recently, American archives and archivists have come under fire for pervasive homogeneity - for privileging, preserving, and reproducing a history that is predominantly white and further silencing the voices and histories of marginalized peoples and communities. This paper argues that as such, archives participate in a continuing amnesty that prevents transitional and restorative justice for black Americans in the United States. Using the history of lynching in America as a backdrop, this article explores the records and counter-narratives archives need to embrace in order to support truth and reconciliation processes for black Americans in the age of #ArchivesForBlackLives.

scholarly journals Racial disparities in school-based disciplinary actions are associated with county-level rates of racial bias

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (17) ◽  
pp. 8255-8260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Riddle ◽  
Stacey Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Students ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
White Students ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
The United States ◽  
County Level ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Racial Biases ◽  
Using Data

There are substantial gaps in educational outcomes between black and white students in the United States. Recently, increased attention has focused on differences in the rates at which black and white students are disciplined, finding that black students are more likely to be seen as problematic and more likely to be punished than white students are for the same offense. Although these disparities suggest that racial biases are a contributor, no previous research has shown associations with psychological measurements of bias and disciplinary outcomes. We show that county-level estimates of racial bias, as measured using data from approximately 1.6 million visitors to the Project Implicit website, are associated with racial disciplinary disparities across approximately 96,000 schools in the United States, covering around 32 million white and black students. These associations do not extend to sexuality biases, showing the specificity of the effect. These findings suggest that acknowledging that racial biases and racial disparities in education go hand-in-hand may be an important step in resolving both of these social ills.

Review of A brief history of the United States.

1919 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 414-414
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of

An American Language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina Lozano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

An American Language is a political history of the Spanish language in the United States. The nation has always been multilingual and the Spanish language in particular has remained as an important political issue into the present. After the U.S.-Mexican War, the Spanish language became a language of politics as Spanish speakers in the U.S. Southwest used it to build territorial and state governments. In the twentieth century, Spanish became a political language where speakers and those opposed to its use clashed over what Spanish's presence in the United States meant. This book recovers this story by using evidence that includes Spanish language newspapers, letters, state and territorial session laws, and federal archives to profile the struggle and resilience of Spanish speakers who advocated for their language rights as U.S. citizens. Comparing Spanish as a language of politics and as a political language across the Southwest and noncontiguous territories provides an opportunity to measure shifts in allegiance to the nation and exposes differing forms of nationalism. Language concessions and continued use of Spanish is a measure of power. Official language recognition by federal or state officials validates Spanish speakers' claims to US citizenship. The long history of policies relating to language in the United States provides a way to measure how U.S. visions of itself have shifted due to continuous migration from Latin America. Spanish-speaking U.S. citizens are crucial arbiters of Spanish language politics and their successes have broader implications on national policy and our understanding of Americans.

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