Ambient Temperature and the Occurrence of Collective Violence: A South African Replication

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Tyson ◽  
O. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
South African ◽  
Collective Violence

scholarly journals Analysing temperature protocol deviations in pome fruit export cold chains: A Western Cape case

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila L. Goedhals-Gerber ◽  
Savia Fedeli ◽  
Frances E. Van Dyk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
South African ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Pome Fruit

Background: A major concern plaguing South African pome fruit exporters is the volume of fruit going to waste during the export process. The senescence of fruits and the deterioration in its quality are accelerated by an increase in temperature. Thus, the first step in ultimately extending the shelf life of exported pome fruit and decreasing the risk of rejections is to ensure constant temperature control.Objectives: The study investigated the severity of temperature protocol deviations within the apple and pear export cold chains from the Western Cape, South Africa to the Netherlands. The study was undertaken in 2018 for Company X, an international fruit exporting firm, to improve the efficiency of its cold chains.Method: The research conducted temperature trials starting as close to the farm as possible and concluding as close to the end consumer as possible. Pulp and ambient temperature probes were inserted into and around the fruit to monitor export temperature profiles.Results: Firstly, the trial results show that non-compliance with temperature protocols occurred more often along the pome fruit export cold chain than initially anticipated. Secondly, the position within the pallet where the temperature breaks occurred highlighted an issue of heat retention resulting from unintentional oversights early in the cold chain. The study also identified areas of possible improvements where management could mitigate senescence factors.Conclusion: The study concluded that the efficient and effective functioning of a cold chain depends on cumulative efforts by all the supply chain partners rather than on the efforts of a single partner.

SEM of non-coated hepatocellular cytoskeleton of perfused livers

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
S.W. French ◽  
N.C. Benson ◽  
C. Davis-Scibienski
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Heat Damage ◽  
Detergent Extraction ◽  
Cytoskeletal Elements ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Excised Tissue

Previous SEM studies of liver cytoskeletal elements have encountered technical difficulties such as variable metal coating and heat damage which occurs during metal deposition. The majority of studies involving evaluation of the cell cytoskeleton have been limited to cells which could be isolated, maintained in culture as a monolayer and thus easily extracted. Detergent extraction of excised tissue by immersion has often been unsatisfactory beyond the depth of several cells. These disadvantages have been avoided in the present study. Whole C3H mouse livers were perfused in situ with 0.5% Triton X-100 in a modified Jahn's buffer including protease inhibitors. Perfusion was continued for 1 to 2 hours at ambient temperature. The liver was then perfused with a 2% buffered gluteraldehyde solution. Liver samples including spontaneous tumors were then maintained in buffered gluteraldehyde for 2 hours. Samples were processed for SEM and TEM using the modified thicarbohydrazide procedure of Malich and Wilson, cryofractured, and critical point dried (CPD). Some samples were mechanically fractured after CPD.

Formation of Dislocation Channels in Neutron Irradiated Molybdenum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 672-673
Author(s):  
S. Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Channel Formation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Polycrystalline Molybdenum

The evolution of dislocation channels in irradiated metals during deformation can be envisaged to occur in three stages: (i) formation of embryonic cluster free regions, (ii) growth of these regions into microscopically observable channels and (iii) termination of their growth due to the accumulation of dislocation damage. The first two stages are particularly intriguing, and we have attempted to follow the early stages of channel formation in polycrystalline molybdenum, irradiated to 5×1019 n. cm−2 (E > 1 Mev) at the reactor ambient temperature (∼ 60°C), using transmission electron microscopy. The irradiated samples were strained, at room temperature, up to the macroscopic yield point.Figure 1 illustrates the early stages of channel formation. The observations suggest that the cluster free regions, such as A, B and C, form in isolated packets, which could subsequently link-up to evolve a channel.

Crystallographic Characterization of Dislocation Loops in Irradiated Tungsten

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 290-291
Author(s):  
Robert C. Rau
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Polycrystalline Specimen ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Neutron Fluences

Previous work has shown that post-irradiation annealing, at temperatures near 1100°C, produces resolvable dislocation loops in tungsten irradiated to fast (E > 1 MeV) neutron fluences of about 4 x 1019 n/cm2 or greater. To crystallographically characterize these loops, tilting experiments were carried out in the electron microscope on a polycrystalline specimen which had been irradiated to 1.5 × 1021 n/cm2 at reactor ambient temperature (∼ 70°C), and subseouently annealed for 315 hours at 1100°C. This treatment produced large loops averaging 1000 Å in diameter, as shown in the micrographs of Fig. 1. The orientation of this grain was near (001), and tilting was carried out about axes near [100], [10] and [110].

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document