scholarly journals Dimensions of social capital and life adjustment in the transition to early adulthood

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 482-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Pettit ◽  
Stephen A. Erath ◽  
Jennifer E. Lansford ◽  
Kenneth A. Dodge ◽  
John E. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Behavioral Adjustment ◽  
Life Transition ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The predictive relations between social capital depth (high-quality relationships across contexts) and breadth (friendship network extensivity) and early-adult life adjustment outcomes were examined using data from a prospective longitudinal study. Interviews at age 22 yielded (a) psychometrically sound indexes of relationship quality with parents, peers, and romantic partners that served as indicators of a latent construct of social capital depth, and (b) a measure of number of close friends. In follow-up interviews at age 24, participants reported on their behavioral adjustment, educational attainment, and arrests and illicit substance use. Early-adolescent assessments of behavioral adjustment and academic performance served as controls; data on what were construed as interpersonal assets (teacher-rated social skills) and opportunities (family income) were also collected at this time. Results showed that depth was associated with overall better young-adult adjustment, net of prior adjustment, and assets and opportunities. Breadth was only modestly associated with later outcomes, and when its overlap with depth was taken into account, breadth predicted higher levels of subsequent externalizing problems. These findings are consistent with the notion that social capital is multidimensional and that elements of it confer distinct benefits during an important life transition.

scholarly journals Romantic Relationship Churn in Early Adolescence Predicts Hostility, Abuse, and Avoidance in Relationships Into Early Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1195-1225
Author(s):  
Emily L. Loeb ◽  
Jessica Kansky ◽  
Rachel K. Narr ◽  
Caroline Fowler ◽  
Joseph P. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Developmental Pathway ◽  
Close Friendships

This study examined early adolescent romantic “churning,” defined here as having a large number of boyfriends/girlfriends by age 13, as a problematic marker likely to predict hostility, abuse, and avoidance during conflict in later relationships. A sample of 184 adolescents was followed through age 24 to assess predictions of hostility, abuse, and avoidance during conflict from early romantic churning. Controlling for gender and family income, romantic churning at age 13 predicted relative decreases in peer preference and relative increases in conflict and betrayal in close friendships from ages 13 to 16, as well as higher observable hostility and self- and partner-reported abuse in romantic relationships by age 18 and greater avoidance during conflict with romantic partners by age 24. Findings remained after accounting for attachment security, social competence, and friendship quality in early adolescence, suggesting that early romantic churning may uniquely predict a problematic developmental pathway.

scholarly journals Early roots of adult competence

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Englund ◽  
Sally I-Chun Kuo ◽  
Jennifer Puig ◽  
W. Andrew Collins
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Path Modeling ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Developmental Models ◽  
Using Data

Social capital has traditionally been defined in terms of the amount of resources that one derives as a result of a diversity of interpersonal relationships. However, the quality of these relationships across development has not been examined as a contributor to social capital and few studies have examined the significance of various age-salient relationships in predicting adaptive functioning, especially testing for cumulative effects over time. Using data from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation, developmental models spanning from infancy to adulthood were tested via path modeling, linking quality of various age-salient relationships (e.g., infant–caregiver attachment, peer competence, friendship security, and effectiveness in romantic relationships) to global adaptive functioning at age 28. As hypothesized, quality of age-salient relationships during different developmental periods predicted the quality of subsequent relationships, but also showed links with adaptive functioning in early adulthood. Results also showed that the quality of infant attachment relationships not only was linked with more proximal relationships, but also had direct effects on global functioning, suggesting the potential significance of early relationship quality in adaption and well-being in adulthood.

Patterns of adjustment problems and alcohol abuse in early adulthood: A prospective longitudinal study

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Andersson ◽  
Lars R. Bergman ◽  
David Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Representative Cohort

AbstractThis study focuses on the importance of patterns of adjustment problems in early adolescence and convictions for alcohol abuse in the mid-teens for the development of alcohol abuse manifested in early adulthood. The study was performed on a large and representative cohort of Swedish males, prospectively followed from age 13 to age 25. A person approach was applied in which the individuals and individual patterns of adjustment problems were the objects of interest, not single variables per se. The results showed that patterns of multiple adjustment problems in early adolescence, as well as convictions for alcohol abuse in the mid-teens, significantly increased the risk for later alcohol abuse. Among multiproblem boys also convicted for alcohol abuse in their mid-teens, 72% were registered for alcohol abuse at ages 18–24. However, early single adjustment problems did not significantly increase the risk for later alcohol abuse. The importance of studying the background of alcohol abuse from a developmental and interactionistic perspective was emphasized.

Examining Multi-Domain Resilience Among Maltreated and Non-Maltreated Youths: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon S. Wang ◽  
Kate Walsh ◽  
James Janford Li
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Marijuana Abuse ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

While maltreatment is clearly associated with an elevated risk for depression in later life, not all maltreated youths develop depression. This study examined whether maltreated youths who exhibit single-domain resilience (low levels of depression) simultaneously demonstrate multi-domain resilience in fundamental adaptive systems, including interpersonal functioning and violence, substance abuse/dependency, physical health, and socioeconomic domains. Trajectories of depression (across ages 13-32) in maltreated and non-maltreated individuals were modeled using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. “Low,” “increasing,” and “declining” depression trajectories in both maltreated and non-maltreated individuals were identified. Yet, maltreated individuals in the “low” trajectory still had lower romantic relationship satisfaction, more exposure to intimate partner and sexual violence, more alcohol and marijuana abuse/dependency, and lower educational attainment relative to non-maltreated individuals in the “low” trajectory. Focusing on a single domain (i.e., depression) of resilience may obscure other impairments that maltreated children face in adulthood.

Predictors of the Clinical Course of Tourette Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (14) ◽  
pp. 913-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Groth ◽  
Liselotte Skov ◽  
Theis Lange ◽  
Nanette M. Debes
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Objective: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a chronic childhood neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics and frequent comorbidities. The clinical presentation of Tourette syndrome is heterogeneous and the prognosis for each individual child is difficult to define. This large prospective longitudinal study explores predictors in childhood of the clinical course of tics and comorbidities in early adulthood. Methods: The cohort was recruited at the Danish National Tourette Clinic. Data were collected at baseline (N = 314; ages, 5-19 years) and follow-up 6 years later (n = 227; ages, 11-26 years) to examine changes in the expression of tics and comorbidities. Childhood clinical factors, represented by 4 binary clinical outcomes, were selected as possible predictors of the clinical course of tics and comorbidities in early adulthood; these were tic severity and diagnoses of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and emotional disorders. Results: The strongest predictors of high tic scores, OCD, or ADHD diagnoses in early adulthood were the corresponding tic (odds ratio [OR]: 1.09), OCD (OR: 1.08), and ADHD (OR: 1.13) severity scores (per scale point) in childhood. Being female (OR: 3.94) and childhood ADHD severity (OR: 1.11) predicted future emotional disorders. Special education, genetic factors, and psychosocial factors were also predictive for the clinical course of Tourette syndrome. Conclusion: We identified strong clinical predictors of Tourette syndrome–associated outcomes in early adulthood that are directly applicable to clinical Tourette syndrome populations and may help to guide new patients, plan early interventions, and implement preventive measures.

The associations of executive functions with resilience in early adulthood: A prospective longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 1048-1054
Author(s):  
Liuliu Wu ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Jiwei Sun ◽  
Fangxiang Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

scholarly journals Incidence of filamentous fungii in normal oral mucosa of rural workers in the region of Frutal, MG

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 448-463
Author(s):  
Adriana Novaes Rodrigues ◽  
Lourdes Conceição Martins ◽  
João Ozório Rodrigues Neto ◽  
Alfésio Luís Ferreira Braga
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Normal Oral Mucosa ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Working And Living Conditions

Working conditions give rise to health problems in a complex way, where specialist services are not always capable of finding a solution.Epidemiological studies evaluate these infections, both superficial and deep, and some of these studies perform an evaluation with regard to working and living conditions and the health of workers in a variety of areas. However, there are no bibliographical references in respect of filamentous fungal contamination of the oral cavity, related to rural labour activity.AIMS: To evaluate the incidence of fungal contamination in the normal oropharyngeal region of sugarcane, orange and pineapple plantation workers, in the municipality of Frutal, in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. METHODS: This constitutes a prospective, longitudinal study of the cohort type, of 60 temporary workers for each crop, making a comparison with the environment. The collection and analysis of material from the workers and from the environment followed the timing of each culture, designated as (t0), (t1) and (t2). RESULTS: Worker contamination occurred at the second interval of the study. Of the orange grove workers, 1.6% (N=1) were contaminated by F. subglutinans. In the sugarcane plantation, 8.3% (N=5) of workers were contaminated, 5% (N=3) by A. niger and 3.3%(N=2) by F. moniliforme. The two volunteers infected by A. niger were simultaneously infected by C. albicans. Of the sixty pineapple plantation workers analysed, 13.3% (N=8) were contaminated with F. subglutinans. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that working with the pineapple crops was found to be a risk factor for fungal infection in the oral mucosa, when compared to the orange crop. Fungal contamination also occurred with the sugarcane crop, when compared to the reference group. Other factors, such as age, alcohol consumption, smoking, family income and ethnicity were not deemed to be statistically significant in the incidence of infection.

Trajectories of delinquency among young adult prisoners

2019 ◽  
pp. 147737081987776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anabel Taefi ◽  
Daniela Hosser
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Competencies ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Latent Class Growth ◽  
Observation Period

Using latent class growth analysis, this prospective longitudinal study aimed to identify different trajectories of delinquency among prisoners ( N = 2352) of youth correctional facilities. Criminal behaviour was monitored with crime register data on individuals from ages 14 to 25. Analyses revealed four developmental pathways: early- and late-starting desisters (31.8 percent and 5.2 percent, respectively) and early- and late-starting persisters (21.2 percent and 41.8 percent, respectively). The effects of potential risk and protective factors from multiple domains (individual, family, peer and social factors) were analysed with analyses of variance and χ² tests for each of the distinct trajectory groups. The quantity of risk factors was higher throughout the observation period in the persisting groups. Cumulative disadvantages could often be found in the persistent trajectories when low social bonds and low commitment to social norms persisted until (early) adulthood. Similarly, higher social capital and social competencies were more prevalent among offenders who desisted from crime, regardless of the severity of their offences committed as adolescents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document