Contributions of Organizational Sociology: Part I: Contributions to Sociology — A Liberal View

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelis J. Lammers
Keyword(s):  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Organizational Sociology ◽  
Sociology Of Organizations ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The 1960S

'Sociology of organizations' is often considered to be just a name for the general social-scientific approach to the study of organizations. However, a case can be made for a one-sided, purely sociological analysis of organizations and interorganizational trans actions on the grounds that such a sociological speciality forms an essential part of sociology at large and, in addition, contributes to various other sociological specialities. As a distinct subdiscipline organizational sociology developed in the 1960s as a 'horizon tal' approach, claimed to be more theoretical, more fruitful, and more economical than the 'vertical' study of organizations. With the aid of a fourfold classification of its 'outputs' it is argued that organizational sociology has produced a wide variety of fruitful theories and findings which justify the claim that there remains a definite need for such a speciality closely tied to its 'mother discipline'. In a sequel — to appear in OS 2/4 — the contributions of organizational sociology to practical and societal concerns will be dealt with.

Between Celebration and Ambivalence

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-132
Author(s):  
Ross Kane
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
North American ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter’s intellectual history of syncretism examines the field of religious studies from the 1960s to the present. Religious studies’ engagement with syncretism shows its struggles with race and colonialism, since the designation “syncretism” has worked within the framing of a center and periphery that sees white European and North American cultures as central and other regions as peripheral. Its engagement with syncretism also shows the field’s tensions over ways one might responsibly interpret other cultures. In particular, is a social scientific approach to research or a humanist approach more respectful of informants’ cultures? Finally, the chapter explores disagreements about whether to use the term “syncretism” at all.

Cutthroat Trout: Evolutionary Biology and Taxonomy

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Westslope Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Clarkii ◽  
Coastal Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Lahontan Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Museum Samples ◽  
Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout ◽  
The 1960S

<em>Abstract</em>.—There has been considerable interest in the systematics and classification of Cutthroat Trout since the 1800s. Cutthroat Trout native to western North America (currently classified as <em>Oncorhynchus clarkii</em>) have historically been grouped or separated using many different classification schemes. Since the 1960s, Robert Behnke has been a leader in these efforts. Introductions of nonnative trout (other forms of Cutthroat Trout, and Rainbow Trout <em>O. mykiss</em>) have obscured some historical patterns of distribution and differentiation. Morphological and meristic analyses have often grouped the various forms of Cutthroat Trout together based on the shared presence of the “cutthroat mark,” high scale counts along the lateral line, and the presence of basibranchial teeth. Spotting patterns and counts of gill rakers and pyloric caeca have in some cases been helpful in differentiation of groups (e.g., Coastal Cutthroat Trout <em>O. c. clarkii</em>, Lahontan Cutthroat Trout <em>O. c. henshawi</em>, and Westslope Cutthroat Trout <em>O. c. lewisi</em>) currently classified as subspecies. The historical genetic methods of allozyme genotyping through protein electrophoresis and chromosome analyses were often helpful in differentiating the various subspecies of Cutthroat Trout. Allozyme genotyping allowed four major groups to be readily recognized (Coastal Cutthroat Trout, Westslope Cutthroat Trout, the Lahontan Cutthroat Trout subspecies complex, and Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout <em>O. c. bouvieri </em>subspecies complex) while chromosome analyses showed similarity between the Lahontan and Yellowstone Cutthroat trout subspecies complex trout (possibly reflecting shared ancestral type) and differentiated the Coastal and Westslope Cutthroat trouts from each other and those two groups. DNA results may yield higher resolution of evolutionary relationships of Cutthroat Trout and allow incorporation of ancient museum samples. Accurate resolution of taxonomic differences among various Cutthroat Trout lineages, and hybridization assessments, requires several approaches and will aid in conservation of these charismatic and increasingly rare native fishes.

(Re)Considering Information Science Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 286-306
Author(s):  
Norma Ruth Arlene Romm ◽  
Patrick Ngulube
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Ethical Justification ◽  
Transformative Potential ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Social Scientific

This chapter provides an epistemological and ethical justification for (re)considering information science in terms of its potential to contribute to the way in which “information” and “knowledge” become co-constructed in social life in view of social justice aims. The chapter refers to and extends arguments for viewing information science as an interdisciplinary and indeed transdisciplinary endeavor. This is discussed in relation to transformative and indigenous-oriented paradigms for social research considered more generally and also considered specifically in relation to information science (as a social scientific approach). The chapter provides a detailed example of how the transformative potential of information science might be realized. This example can serve as a resource for information science researchers and for information systems practitioners who may find that it has some relevance to their continued work. The chapter also offers suggestions for expanding the research possibilities (co-inquiry options) provided by the example.

scholarly journals Steroids and/or Cytotoxic Agents Should Be Used Early in the Management of Patients with IPF -- The Con Argument

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen K Field
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Corticosteroid ◽  
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
European Respiratory Society ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One

The recently published American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement distinguishes idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), also known as usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), from the other idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) (1). Although the current classification of IIPs is different from the one developed by Liebow and Carrington (2) in the 1960s, the description of UIP has not changed, and it is still recognized as having distinctive clinical and pathological features that distinguish it from the other IIPs. IPF responds differently to systemic corticosteroid (steroid) therapy and has a different prognosis than the other IIPs, such as nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis, which previously were felt to be variants of the same condition (1,3,4). Despite therapy, most patients with IPF experience a progressive decline in pulmonary function, leading to respiratory failure and death, unless they undergo lung transplantation.

The glomerulus and the concept of glomerulonephritis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Woywodt ◽  
Diana Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Glomerular Disease ◽  
Multisystem Disease ◽  
Glomerular Diseases ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The 1960S

The key features of glomerular diseases—haematuria, proteinuria, loss of glomerular filtration rate, and hypertension—were recognized in the nineteenth century, and some earlier, but Richard Bright is usually given credit for synthesizing the concepts of renal disease, and glomerulonephritis came under the heading of Bright’s disease for almost a century. Separation into different types was based on first clinical syndromes, but in the early twentieth century, pathological description was improving and with the introduction of percutaneous renal biopsies in the 1950s, in the 1960s histopathological definitions assumed the ascendancy. A unifying classification of glomerular disease remains work in progress. Current classifications are pathologically based but increasingly include the results of other investigations (including genotype and a variety of immunological and other tests). This chapter follows this pragmatic, hybrid approach, categorizing glomerular disease by pattern on renal biopsy except where aetiological factors are clearly identified (e.g. HIV nephropathy), or associated multisystem disease is defined (e.g. lupus nephritis), or the immunopathogenesis is well characterized (e.g. antiglomerular basement membrane disease).

A Discussion of Aviezer Tucker's The Legacies of Totalitarianism: A Theoretical Framework

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 535-535
Author(s):  
Valerie Bunce
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
The Public ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Post Communism ◽  
The 1960S

The concept of totalitarianism emerged between the two world wars in twentieth-century Europe to become a central concept of Cold War social science designed to highlight similarities between the Nazi and Soviet regimes and implicitly to contrast these forms of dictatorship with liberal democracy. While in the 1960s and 1970s many critics challenged the concept’s Cold War uses as an ideology of “the West,” the idea of totalitarianism and later “post-totalitarianism” played important roles in East Central Europe, where they helped dissident intellectuals, academics, and activists both to understand and to challenge Soviet-style communism. The concept of “totalitarianism” remains heavily contested. But whatever one thinks about the concept’s social scientific validity, there can be no doubt that it played a crucial role in both the scholarship of communism and the public intellectual debates about the possibilities of post-communism. Aviezer Tucker’s The Legacies of Totalitarianism: A Theoretical Framework (Cambridge 2015) addresses many of these issues, and so we have invited a range of political scientists to comment on the book and the broader theme denoted by its title.

scholarly journals   Rural and environmental concern – focus on the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kment ◽  
L. Kocmánková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Ecological Modernisation ◽  
Development Approach

An increasing number of works on the rural-environmental connection can be found at present. However, their overview and classification are needed &ndash; this is the guiding idea of this paper. We distinguish three approaches to the rural-environmental connection and label them scientific approach, environmentalist approach, and development approach. In the paper, theories of environmental concern (post-materialism, paradigm shift, and ecological modernisation) are discussed at first and then a classification of works is proposed. &nbsp;

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