Subjectivation, Modernity, and Hypermodernity

Modernity is an action, a work (deed) that transforms the relation between a human group and its environment. The notion of “subjectivation” is the way I define human societies’ discovery and their creative capacity. Meanwhile the nation/states’ withdrawal into themselves, the closure of the borders to the full scope of globalization, and the acceptance or refusal of migrants become the central issue of all sociopolitical conflicts, replacing the previous labor-based conflicts that have been at the core of the industrial society. Sociological analysis today addresses the fundamental issue: What is the future of democracy? The answer lies in criticism visà- vis the idea of states and institutions as agents of democracy, and the assertion of a social definition of democracy.

रातभरि हुरी चल्यो कथाको समाजशास्त्रीय विश्लेषण [Sociological analysis of the story that took place overnight]

प्रस्तुत लेखमा इन्द्रबहादुर राईको ।।।रातभरि हुरी चल्यो कथालाई हिप्पोली टेनको समाजशास्त्रीय मान्यताका आधारमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यसमा लेखकको विषयपरिचय दिँदै हिप्पोली टेनको जाति (प्रजाति), क्षण (युग) र परिवेश (वातावरण) को सैद्धा(ि न्तक कसीमा आगमनात्मक तथा निगमनात्मक दुवै विधिको प्रयोग गरी निष्कर्षसम्म पुग्ने प्रयास भएको छ । रातभरि हुरी चल्यो कथामा दार्जिलिबको निम्नवर्गीय परिवारलाई आधार बनाएर उनीहरुले भोगिरहेको पीडालाई चित्रण गरिएका छ । कालेकी आमाजस्ता नेपाली मूलबाट बसाईं सरेर आएका नेपाली जातिको अवस्था सफल बन्न नसकेको, न्यूनवर्गीय परिवार जहाँ गए पनि समस्याबाट मुक्ति पाउन नसकेको, गाउँमा बस्ने मानिसले आफ्नो जीविकोपार्जनको निम्ति कृषि पेसा अपना( एको, गरिबीको कारणले चुहिने घरमा बस्नु परेको, सहरका मानिसहरूले बाँच्नका लागि पेसा र नोकरी गरेको, सहर र गाउँका मानिसहरुको भोगाइ, सोचाइ र खुवाइ अन्तर रहेको, दार्जिलिबको तत्कालीन ग्रामीण समाज र सहरी जीवनका विविध पक्षलाइउल्लेख गरिएको छ ।व्यक्तिका पीडा, बाध्यता र आन्तरिक वेदनालाई प्रस्तुत गर्ने सन्दर्भमा प्राकृतिक दूरी र वैचारिक दूरीलाई एकैसाथ प्रस्तुत गरिएका छ । कालेका बाआमाले भोगेको प्राकृतिक विपत्ति र पीडादायी मनोदशालाई हिप्पोली टेनको समाजशास्त्रीय मान्यताका आधारमा विश्लेषण गर्ने प्रयास गरिएको छ ।

RIGHT-WING RADICAL STATE OF MIND IN THE BUNDESWEHR: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

The article deals with analysis of right-wing radical state of mind among the German armed forces soldiers. The author describes the most significant incidents in German army, which relate to right-wing radicalism, within the last several years, goes into details regarding senior lieutenant Franco A. case as well as uncovering right-wing cell in KSK special force unit. Among the analysis of particular cases the article contains sociological analysis of right-wing radical minds in society in general and in the army. The researcher enlists main characteristics of such feeling in the society and armed forces, as well as main markers of right-wing radicalism. Based on the attempt to forecast actions of the state to prevent further cases of political extremism in Bundeswehr prospects of situation in this sphere are evaluated.

Aspects of Expanding the Interaction between the State and Civil Society

The aim of this study was a holistic analysis of aspects of expanding the interaction between the state and civil society on the example of the experience of foreign countries, namely Austria, Belgium, France, Italy, and Poland. The research involves such methods as sociological analysis, systemic and case study methods, structural and comparative methods, as well as the dialectical method. The factors of expanding the interaction of the judiciary as a representative of the state, which protects the rights and interests of civil society, were identified in accordance with the results of the study. As a result, conclusions were drawn on the need for the judiciary, as a representative of the state, to use methods to expand the interaction between the state and society, in the person of every citizen. The use of those factors in relation to such interaction will further help increase public confidence in the state, which will ensure effective protection of the rights and interests of society.

Legal Mechanisms for Protection of the Rights of Participants in Contractual and Non-Contractual Legal Relations

The aim of this study is a comprehensive analysis of legal mechanisms to protect the rights of participants in contractual and non-contractual relations based on the experience of foreign countries, namely: Australia, Brazil, Spain, Mexico, Germany, Portugal, Turkey, France, and Switzerland. This research involved the following methods: sociological analysis, system-structural and comparative methods, logical-semantic and formal-logical methods, as well as the dialectical method. Our study resulted in identification of the main characteristics and features of legal mechanisms to protect the rights of participants in contractual and non-contractual relations of each of the studied countries. As a result, we drew conclusions about the need to update the regulatory framework of most of the said countries. The further use of mechanisms for legal protection of the rights of participants in contractual and non-contractual relations will help ensure their real and effective protection.