scholarly journals Overcoming reading comprehension difficulties through a prosodic reading intervention: A single-case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Calet ◽  
M. Carmen Pérez-Morenilla ◽  
Macarena De los Santos-Roig
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Reading Intervention ◽  
Reading Interventions ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Repeated Reading ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
The Impact

Apart from speed and accuracy, prosody has recently been included as another component of skilled reading, as its role in reading comprehension is being increasingly recognized. Prosodic reading refers to the use of prosodic features of language during reading, including suitable pauses, stress and intonation and appropriate phrasing. The aim of this research was to examine the impact of a prosodic reading intervention on the reading comprehension of a fourth-grade primary child with specific reading comprehension difficulties. An AB single-case design was used with baseline (A) and treatment (B) phases. The intervention, in 17 sessions, was based on repeated reading with a focus on expressiveness. Results pointed to improved reading fluency and reading comprehension scores over baseline scores. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to show conclusive evidence for improved comprehension as a result of prosody intervention. The implications of prosodic reading interventions for literacy development are discussed.

Evaluating Tau-U With Oral Reading Fluency Data and the Impact of Measurement Error

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Klingbeil ◽  
Ethan R. Van Norman ◽  
Katherine E. McLendon ◽  
Sarah G. Ross ◽  
John C. Begeny
Keyword(s):  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Design

Recently, researchers have argued that using quantitative effect sizes in single-case design (SCD) research may facilitate the identification evidence-based practices. Indices to quantify nonoverlap are among the most common methods for quantifying treatment effects in SCD research. Tau-U represents a family of effect size indices that were developed to address criticisms of previously developed measures of nonoverlap. However, more research is necessary to determine the extent to which Tau-U successfully addresses proposed limitations of other nonoverlap methods. This study evaluated Tau-U effect sizes, derived from multiple-baseline designs, where researchers used curriculum-based measures of reading (CBM-R) to measure reading fluency. Specifically, we evaluated the distribution of the summary Tau-U statistic when applied to a large set of CBM-R data and assessed how the variability inherent in CBM-R data may influence the obtained Tau-U values. Findings suggest that the summary Tau-U statistic may be susceptible to ceiling effects. Moreover, the results provide initial evidence that error inherent in CBM-R scores may have a small but meaningful influence on the obtained effect sizes. Implications and recommendations for research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Fluency Interventions for Elementary Students with Reading Difficulties: A Synthesis of Research from 2000–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Alida Hudson ◽  
Poh Wee Koh ◽  
Karol A. Moore ◽  
Emily Binks-Cantrell
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Oral Reading Fluency ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Repeated Reading ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
The Impact

Oral reading fluency (ORF) deficits are a hallmark of reading difficulties. The impact of fluency struggles extends beyond word-level difficulties to include deficits in reading comprehension. Sixteen empirical studies conducted in 2000–2019 that examined ORF interventions among elementary students identified as having reading difficulties were reviewed to identify the characteristics (e.g., instructional variables, group size, type of interventionist) of effective ORF interventions and their impact on English oral reading fluency and reading comprehension outcomes. The systematic review revealed that interventions reported centered around repeated reading procedures (86.5%). Across the 16 studies, outcomes for oral reading fluency varied widely and most focused on speed and rate aspects rather than prosody. Effect sizes for rate and accuracy measures ranged from negligible to large (i.e., 0.01 to 1.18) and three studies found large effects for prosody outcomes. Effect sizes for reading comprehension ranged between non-significant and large significant effects. Findings support the use of repeated reading of text to build up ORF of students with reading difficulties. Interventions that were found to be most effective were those that were conducted one-on-one with a trained model of fluent word reading and accuracy. Findings also point to three gaps in our understanding: (1) the efficacy of interventions other than repeated reading, (2) effects of ORF interventions on prosody outcomes, and (3) sustainability of outcomes.

Practicing Keywords to Increase Reading Performance of Students With Intellectual Disability

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-248
Author(s):  
Mallory A. Stevens ◽  
Matthew K. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Fluency And Comprehension ◽  
Text Reading ◽  
The Given

Abstract The purpose of the current study was to determine the extent to which practicing keywords increased word recognition, reading fluency and comprehension for students with intellectual disability (ID). The dependent measures included word recognition (i.e., the percentage of previously unknown keywords read correctly in the given text), reading fluency (i.e., words read correctly in 1 minute), and reading comprehension (i.e., number of questions answered correctly out of five). The participants were three fourth-grade students who were identified as having ID in early childhood with IQ scores of 45, 62, and 78. Words from reading passages were practiced with Incremental Rehearsal (IR) using a multielement, single-case design. Practicing keywords led to higher subsequent in-text recognition and generalization for a high percentage of the taught words. Additionally, there was clear experimental control for increases in reading fluency. There was not a strong effect on reading comprehension. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of iPod Touch-Supported Repeated Reading on the English Oral Reading Fluency of L2 students with Specific Learning Difficulties

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salomi Papadima-Sophocleous ◽  
Marina Charalambous
Keyword(s):  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Oral Reading Fluency ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Repeated Reading ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Ipod Touch ◽  
Reading Activity ◽  
The Impact

<span>In recent years the use of new technologies has been extensively explored in different aspects of language learning pedagogy. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact Repeated Reading activity, supported by iPod Touch could have on the English Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) of second language university students with Special Learning Difficulties (SpLD) at Cyprus University of Technology. As part of their university courses, students have two compulsory English courses. Due to their SpLD and low level of language competence, the eight participants enrolled in the English programme for students with SpLD. This programme is based on the phonological approach and the research done in methods dealing with dyslexia (Shaywitz et al., 2004). After being introduced to the iPod-supported Repeated Reading activity, students worked independently for 8 weeks. They listened and replicated three recorded texts performed by native speakers, using Voice Memo. Texts were based on specific phonetic rules the students had to master. Students recorded their best performance of each text reading, using DropVox. Curriculum-Based Measurement, adapted by Rasinski (2004), was used to measure students’ automaticity (speed and accuracy), and an adapted version of Zutell and Rasinksi’s (1991) Multidimensional Framework to measure prosodic features of fluency. A phonemic accuracy scale was developed and used to assess students’ performance related to specific phonemes students had difficulty with. Data analysis revealed that the independent out-of-class use of Repeated Reading, supported by iPod Touch technology helped in increasing students’ automaticity, improving their prosodic features of fluency, including that of specific phonemes.</span>

A Review of Summarizing and Main Idea Interventions for Struggling Readers in Grades 3 Through 12: 1978–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Stevens ◽  
Sunyoung Park ◽  
Sharon Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Struggling Readers ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Single Case Designs

This systematic review examines the effects of summarizing and main idea interventions on the reading comprehension outcomes of struggling readers in Grades 3 through 12. A comprehensive search identified 30 studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 1978 and 2016. Studies included struggling reader participants in Grades 3 through 12; targeted summarizing or main idea instruction; used an experimental, quasi-experimental, or single-case design; and included a reading comprehension outcome. A meta-analysis of 23 group design studies resulted in a statistically significant mean effect of 0.97. Group size, number of sessions, grade level, and publication year did not moderate treatment effect. Visual analysis of six single-case designs yielded strong evidence for retell measures and a range of evidence for short-answer comprehension measures. Findings suggest that main idea and summarizing instruction may improve struggling readers’ main idea identification and reading comprehension. Limitations include the lack of standardized measures and the unreported, changing description of the counterfactual.

Volitional Change in Children With Autism: A Single-Case Design Study of the Impact of Hippotherapy on Motivation

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee R. Taylor ◽  
Gary Kielhofner ◽  
Caitlin Smith ◽  
Sherri Butler ◽  
Susan M. Cahill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Design Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Design

Estimating the Impact of Design Standards on the Rigor of a Subset of Single-Case Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 104420732093404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin Shepley ◽  
Kathleen N. Zimmerman ◽  
Kevin M. Ayres
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Case Research ◽  
What Works ◽  
What Works Clearinghouse ◽  
Single Case Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Design

The implementation of research-based practices by teachers in public school classrooms is required under federal law as expressed in the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004. To aid teachers in identifying such practices, researchers conduct systematic reviews of the educational literature. Although recent attention has been given to changes in the quality of these reviews, there has been minimal discussion about changes in the quality of the studies that comprise them. Specifically, to what extent have educational policies leading to the creation of experimental design standards resulted in a change in the rigor of educational research? Using a subset of the single-case literature commonly published in special education journals, we estimate the impact of What Works Clearinghouse single-case design standards on the trend in the rigor of single-case studies using a comparative interrupted time series framework. Within this subset of single-case studies, our estimation strategy did not detect a change in the trend of the rigor of single-case research following the establishment of What Works Clearinghouse single-case design standards. Implications are discussed for practitioners and researchers. Study data, syntax, and supplemental materials are available for public use at https://osf.io/xp7wv/.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Cognitive and Motivational Reading Intervention on the Reading Achievement and Motivation of Students At-Risk for Reading Difficulties

2020 ◽  
pp. 073194872095812
Author(s):  
Miriam McBreen ◽  
Robert Savage
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Reading Intervention ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Students At Risk ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

This research assessed the impact of combining small-group cognitive reading intervention with a motivational program targeting students’ goals, emotions, and self-efficacy beliefs on the reading performance and motivation of third-grade students at-risk for reading difficulties ( n = 25, Mage = 8.99, SD = 0.38). Using a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test efficacy trial design, effects of the intervention on phonological awareness, listening comprehension, accuracy, fluency, reading comprehension, and motivation were assessed. Results indicate that compared with students who received Cognitive-Only reading intervention, students who received the combined Cognitive plus Motivational reading intervention showed greater gains in reading comprehension and phonological awareness. Findings provide preliminary evidence that supplementing cognitive reading intervention with the proposed motivational program can improve the reading performance of students at-risk for reading difficulties.

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