scholarly journals Acute ingestion of rosemary water: Evidence of cognitive and cerebrovascular effects in healthy adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1319-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Moss ◽  
Ellen Smith ◽  
Matthew Milner ◽  
Jemma McCready
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Acute Ingestion ◽  
The Impact

Background: The use of herbal extracts and supplements to enhance health and wellbeing is increasing in western society. Aims: This study investigated the impact of the acute ingestion of a commercially available water containing an extract and hydrolat of rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L. syn. Salvia rosmarinus Schleid.). Aspects of cognitive functioning, mood and cerebrovascular response measured by near-infrared spectroscopy provided the dependent variables. Methods: Eighty healthy adults were randomly allocated to consume either 250 mL of rosemary water or plain mineral water. They then completed a series of computerised cognitive tasks, followed by subjective measures of alertness and fatigue. Near-infrared spectroscopy monitored levels of total, oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin at baseline and throughout the cognitive testing procedure. Results: Analysis of the data revealed a number of statistically significant, small, beneficial effects of rosemary water on cognition, consistent with those found previously for the inhalation of the aroma of rosemary essential oil. Of particular interest here are the cerebrovascular effects noted for deoxygenated haemoglobin levels during cognitive task performance that were significantly higher in the rosemary water condition. This represents a novel finding in this area, and may indicate a facilitation of oxygen extraction at times of cognitive demand. Conclusion: Taken together the data suggest potential beneficial properties of acute consumption of rosemary water. The findings are discussed in terms of putative metabolic and cholinergic mechanisms.

scholarly journals Ability of near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics to predict the age of mosquitoes reared under different conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oselyne Ong ◽  
Elise Kho ◽  
Pedro Esperança ◽  
Chris Freebairn ◽  
Floyd Dowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Pls Regression ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Practical, field-ready age-grading tools for mosquito vectors of disease are urgently needed because of the impact that daily survival has on vectorial capacity. Previous studies have shown that near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), in combination with chemometrics and predictive modeling, can forecast the age of laboratory-reared mosquitoes with moderate to high accuracy. It remains unclear whether the technique has utility for identifying shifts in the age structure of wild-caught mosquitoes. Here we investigate whether models derived from the laboratory strain of mosquitoes can be used to predict the age of mosquitoes grown from pupae collected in the field. Methods: NIR spectra from adult female Aedes albopictus mosquitoes reared in the laboratory (2, 5, 8, 12 and 15 days old) were compared to spectra from mosquitoes emerging from wild-caught pupae (1, 7 and 14 days old). Different partial least squares (PLS) regression methods trained on spectra from laboratory mosquitoes were evaluated on their ability to predict the age of mosquitoes from more natural environments. Results: Models trained on spectra from laboratory-reared material were able to predict the age of other laboratory-reared mosquitoes with moderate accuracy and successfully differentiated all day 2 and 15 mosquitoes. Models derived with laboratory mosquitoes could not differentiate between field-derived age groups, with age predictions relatively indistinguishable for day 1-14. Pre-processing of spectral data and improving the PLS regression framework to avoid overfitting can increase accuracy, but predictions of mosquitoes reared in different environments remained poor. Principle component analysis confirms substantial spectral variations between laboratory and field-derived mosquitoes despite both originating from the same island population. Conclusions: Models trained on laboratory mosquitoes were able to predict ages of laboratory mosquitoes with good sensitivity and specificity though they were unable to predict age of field-derived mosquitoes. This study suggests that laboratory-reared mosquitoes do not capture enough environmental variation to accurately predict the age of the same species reared under different conditions. Further research is needed to explore alternative pre-processing methods and machine learning techniques, and to understand factors that affect absorbance in mosquitoes before field application using NIRS.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Muscle Deoxygenation And Workload At Peak Exercise In Healthy Adults Using Near-infrared Spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Goodwin ◽  
Jacqueline Montes ◽  
Ipek Ensari ◽  
Feliz Marie Hernandez ◽  
Kayla Coutts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Muscle Deoxygenation

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF LIPID-CONTAINING PLAQUE COMPOSITION MEASURED BY NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY ON CORONARY ARTERIAL REMODELING

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. A1917
Author(s):  
Hideaki Ota ◽  
Marco Magalhaes Pereira ◽  
Smita Negi ◽  
Thibault Lhermusier ◽  
Ricardo Escarcega Alarcon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Arterial Remodeling ◽  
Plaque Composition ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effect of Sample Complexity on Quantification of Analytes in Aqueous Samples by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Riley ◽  
Mark A. Arnold ◽  
David W. Murhammer
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Sample Complexity ◽  
Aqueous Samples ◽  
The Impact

This study was undertaken to quantitate the impact of increasing sample complexity on near-infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) measurements of small molecules in aqueous solutions with varying numbers of components. Samples with 2, 6, or 10 varying components were investigated. Within the 10-component samples, three analytes were quantified with errors below 6% and seven of the analytes were quantified with errors below 10%. An increase in the number of varying components can substantially increase the error associated with measurement. A comparison of measurement errors across sample sets, as gauged by the standard error of prediction (SEP), reveals that an increase in the number of varying components from 2 to 6 increases the SEP by approximately 50%. An increase from 2 to 10 varying components increases the SEP by approximately 340%. While there appear to be no substantial correlations between the presence of a specific analyte and the errors associated with quantification of another analyte, several analytes do display a small degree of sensitivity to varying concentrations of certain background components. The analysis also demonstrates that calibrations containing an overestimation of the numbers of varying components can substantially increase measurement errors and so calibrations must be constructed with an accurate understanding of the number of varying components that are likely to be encountered.

scholarly journals Detection of malaria in insectary-reared Anopheles gambiae using near-infrared spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta F. Maia ◽  
Melissa Kapulu ◽  
Michelle Muthui ◽  
Martin G. Wagah ◽  
Heather M. Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Partial Least Square Regression ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLarge-scale surveillance of mosquito populations is crucial to assess the intensity of vector-borne disease transmission and the impact of control interventions. However, there is a lack of accurate, cost-effective and high-throughput tools for mass-screening of vectors. This study demonstrates proof-of-concept that near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is capable of rapidly identifying laboratory strains of human malaria infection in African mosquito vectors. By using partial least square regression models based on malaria-infected and uninfected Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, we showed that NIRS can detect oocyst- and sporozoite-stage Plasmodium falciparum infections with 88% and 95% accuracy, respectively. Accurate, low-cost, reagent-free screening of mosquito populations enabled by NIRS could revolutionize surveillance and elimination strategies for the most important human malaria parasite in its primary African vector species. Further research is needed to evaluate how the method performs in the field following adjustments in the training datasets to include data from wild-caught infected and uninfected mosquitoes.

scholarly journals 161 Brain Activation Assessed with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (FNIRS) During Stepping and Gait in Older People and Those with PD

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv34-iv39
Author(s):  
Jasmine Menant ◽  
Paulo Pelicioni ◽  
Yoshiro Okubo ◽  
Colleen Canning ◽  
Daina Sturnieks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Yahr Stage

Abstract Background and Aim Past research has shown that compared with healthy peers, people with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) generate poorer stepping responses and display reduced ability to adapt gait to unexpected targets and obstacles. However, the neural basis of these impairments in PD is unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate cortical activation in pre-frontal and motor areas using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during stepping and gait adaptability in people with PD, compared with healthy adults. Methods Forty-four people with PD (>40 years, Hoen & Yahr stage 1-3) and 44 healthy age and sex-matched healthy adults performed three cognitively-demanding stepping tasks and a test of gait adaptability. We recorded relative changes in oxy-haemoglobin (HbO) and deoxy-haemoglobin (HbR) concentrations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, premotor cortex and primary cortex using fNIRS. Results Data collection is ongoing with >75% participants already assessed. We will conduct between group-comparisons to compare HbO and HbR concentrations in the selected regions of interest in the stepping and the gait adaptability tests. Physical and cognitive predictors of brain activation in each task in each group will also be computed using regression models. Conclusion Based on the results of our recent systematic review of fNIRS-recorded brain activation during walking tasks (1), we hypothesise that compared with healthy-aged matched peers, people with PD will show increased prefrontal and motor cortices activation during stepping and gait adaptability tests. This would suggest that people with PD require more attentional resources for safe walking. Reference (1) Pelicioni et al. Prefrontal cortical activation measured by fNIRS during walking: effects of age, disease and secondary task. Peer J 2019; 7: e6833.

scholarly journals Association between Fish Consumption and Prefrontal Function during a Cognitive Task in Male Japanese Workers: A Multi-Channel Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e0123972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenghong Pu ◽  
Kazuyuki Nakagome ◽  
Takeshi Yamada ◽  
Hiroshi Matsumura ◽  
Katsutoshi Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Spectroscopy Study ◽  
Prefrontal Function ◽  
Japanese Workers

scholarly journals Direct constraints on the impact of TP-AGB stars on the SED of galaxies from near-infrared spectroscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S284) ◽  
pp. 63-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Zibetti ◽  
Anna Gallazzi ◽  
Stéphane Charlot ◽  
Anna Pasquali ◽  
Daniele Pierini
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectral Region ◽  
Stellar Population ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Agb Stars ◽  
Population Synthesis ◽  
Stellar Population Synthesis ◽  
Evolutionary Phase ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe present new spectro-photometric NIR observations of 16 post-starburst galaxies especially designed to test for the presence of strong carbon features of thermally pulsing AGB (TP-AGB) stars, as predicted by recent models of stellar population synthesis. Selection based on clear spectroscopic optical features indicating the strong predominance of stellar populations with ages between 0.5 and 1.5 Gyr and redshift around 0.2 allows us to probe the spectral region that is most affected by the carbon features of TP-AGB stars (unaccessible from the ground for z ~ 0 galaxies) in the evolutionary phase when their impact on the IR luminosity is maximum. Nevertheless, none of the observed galaxies display such features. Moreover the NIR fluxes relative to optical are consistent with those predicted by the original Bruzual & Charlot (2003) models, where the impact of TP-AGB stars is much lower than has been recently advocated.

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