The dosing procedure that “makes the poison”: Comparing the effects of single versus cumulative alcohol administration methods on emotion recognition

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112110324
Author(s):  
Maayan Nagar ◽  
Aron Weller ◽  
Sharon Rabinovitz
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Blood Level ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Alcohol Administration ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Breath Alcohol ◽  
Administration Method ◽  
Administration Procedure ◽  
Alcohol Blood Level

Background: Most people often consume alcohol cumulatively and gradually. Yet almost scientific knowledge about alcohol’s acute effects on cognition, behavior, and affect stems from laboratory studies that employ a single beverage administration procedure. Objective: This study tests the hypothesis that alcohol’s acute effects depend on both methods of administration and alcohol blood level. We introduce a new laboratory procedure for studying cumulative alcohol drinking and examine alcohol’s effects on emotion recognition as a function of both alcohol administration method and alcohol blood level. Methods: Participants were recruited for one of two studies. One study employed a between-subject design using a single alcoholic dose. Participants were randomly assigned to drink either placebo (0.00%), low (0.03%), moderate (0.06%), or high (0.09%) alcohol levels. The second study employed a within-subject design using a cumulative alcoholic administration method, in which each participant drank four drinks (placebo, followed by three alcoholic drinks). Both groups reached similar breath alcohol concentrations. In both studies, participants attended a single study session, in which emotion recognition was examined following alcohol administration. Results: Single alcoholic beverage administration method caused greater impairment in emotion recognition ability, specifically for anger, happiness, and fear, as compared with cumulative administration method, even though breath alcohol levels were similar in both conditions. Conclusions: This paper presents questions concerning the internal validity of previous laboratory studies that use a single beverage administration procedure. Insights into the effects of alcohol on behavior, as well as regarding our knowledge about models of addiction are presented.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Kinesiology Taping Stretch Tensions on Soleus and Gastrocnemius H-Reflex Modulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4411
Author(s):  
Yung-Sheng Chen ◽  
Shi Zhou ◽  
Zachary J. Crowley-McHattan ◽  
Pedro Bezerra ◽  
Wei-Chin Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
H Reflex ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Reflex Modulation ◽  
Hoffmann Reflex ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
M Wave ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
Order Paper

This study examined the acute effects of stretch tensions of kinesiology taping (KT) on the soleus (SOL), medial (MG), and lateral (LG) gastrocnemius Hoffmann-reflex (H-reflex) modulation in physically active healthy adults. A cross-over within-subject design was used in this study. Twelve physically active collegiate students voluntarily participated in the study (age = 21.3 ± 1.2 years; height = 175.6 ± 7.1 cm; body weight = 69.9 ± 7.1 kg). A standard Y-shape of KT technique was applied to the calf muscles. The KT was controlled in three tension intensities in a randomised order: paper-off, 50%, and 100% of maximal stretch tension of the tape. The peak-to-peak amplitude of maximal M-wave (Mmax) and H-reflex (Hmax) responses in the SOL, MG, and LG muscles were assessed before taping (pre-taping), taping, and after taping (post-taping) phases in the lying prone position. The results demonstrated significantly larger LG Hmax responses in the pre-taping condition than those in the post-taping condition during paper-off KT (p = 0.002). Moreover, the ΔHmax/Mmax of pre- and post-taping in the SOL muscle was significantly larger during 50%KT tension than that of paper-off (p = 0.046). In conclusion, the stretch tension of KT contributes minor influence on the spinal motoneuron excitability in the triceps surae during rest.

scholarly journals Circumstances and autopsy findings in drownings, Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, 2006-2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ida Borg Hansen ◽  
Asser Hedegård Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Blood Level ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Autopsy Findings ◽  
Alcohol Blood Level

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the demographic circumstances and the autopsy findings regarding drowning deaths autopsied at the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Aarhus. The study is based on autopsy reports from the Department of Forensic Medicine in Aarhus, 2006-2015 with drowning as a cause of death. Among the 135 cases of the study, 87 (64.4%) were accidents versus 33 (24.4%) suicides. The study showed, that the majority of the drowned 73,3% were males, especially pronounced in the accidents (81.6% were males). In 60.7% victims, there was a positive blood alcohol analysis, most often in males. Females with positive alcohol analyses did however have the highest mean alcohol blood level (1.65 versus 1.47 per mile). The most frequent place of the submersions was docks (24.4%) and the most frequent time of day was in the evening (18.00 – 23.59; 19.3%) and at night (00.00 – 05.59; 20.0%). The study shows no significant connection between adipocere and type of water (OR=1.21, 95% CI (0.49;2.99), p=0.68), bulging lungs and type of water (OR=1.18, 95% CI (0.52;2.70), p=0.69), lung weight and type of water (z-test, p=0.38) and the amount of pleural effusion and water type (z-test, p=0.16). A significant connection between the presence of pleural effusion and type of water cannot discounted (OR=2.37, 95% CI (1.06;2.44), p=0.02).

The Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Mortality Among Patients with Complex Cervical Trauma

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1026-1029
Author(s):  
Florentina Severin ◽  
Elena Cojocaru ◽  
Anisia Iuliana Alexa ◽  
Diana Bulgaru Iliescu ◽  
Mihail Dan Cobzeanu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Level ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Penetrating Trauma ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Cervical Trauma ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Alcohol Blood Level

Alcohol seems to be an important risk factor and a major cause of death for the patients with complex cervical trauma. The morbidity and mortality by complex cervical trauma is increasing all over the world, the most common mechanism of damage being a stab wound from violent attack, but also gunshot wounds, road traffic accidents or self-harm are noted. In addition to penetrating trauma, neck injuries can appear due to blunt trauma. We conducted a retrospective analysis on 289 deceased patients by complex cervical trauma. We aimed to focus on the relationship between alcohol blood level and cervical trauma mortality by various mechanisms. In our study, the alcohol blood level in deceased patients by complex cervical trauma is influenced by gender and socioeconomic background. Alcoholism was correlated with autolithic mechanism in 56.3% of the cases and aggression in 46.7%. Complex cervical trauma represents a pathology with multifaceted epidemiological, etiopathogenic and pathophysiological processes. Our results could bring new epidemiological data in order to improve public health policies, and from there to decrease alcohol related mortality on cervical trauma.

Sleep Laboratory Studies in Restless Legs Syndrome Patients as Compared with Normals and Acute Effects of Ropinirole

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Saletu ◽  
G. Gruber ◽  
M. Saletu ◽  
N. Brandstätter ◽  
C. Hauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Restless Legs

ANSI Z535.6 and Conspicuity: A Test of the New State of the Art Format for Instructions

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (17) ◽  
pp. 1029-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Huntley-Fenner ◽  
Erin Harley ◽  
Doris Trachtman ◽  
Douglas Young
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Compliance Behavior ◽  
Risk Communications ◽  
At Home

ANSI Z535 provides guidance to manufacturers regarding the format and content of labels, signs, and other materials. In laboratory studies, elements of the standard appear to contribute to the visibility and comprehension of risk communications, but there is little real-world-based evidence that adherence to formatting guidelines reduces injuries. In the present study, we measured both real-world behavior and laboratory behavior using a within-subject design. Recall of, and compliance with, warnings as a function of increasing use of ANSI Z535.6 formatting was assessed. Additionally, self-reported compliance at home was compared to observed compliance behavior in the laboratory. ANSI formatting increased the likelihood that a warning was recognized. Rate of compliance was higher in the laboratory setting than self-reported at-home compliance. However, there was no evidence that compliance was impacted by the presence, absence or degree of ANSI Z535 formatting.

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