All smoke and mirrors? The Taylor litigation and issues surrounding the smoking ban in New Zealand prisons

<p>A 2005 prisoner health survey found that almost three quarters of the New Zealand prison population identified as smokers. Tobacco was deeply engrained in prison culture and smoking was viewed as an aid for managing the stress and boredom associated with prison life. The Department of Corrections implemented a policy on 1 July 2011, banning smoking in all areas of all prisons in New Zealand. The policy aimed to improve the long-term health of prisoners, and create a healthier workplace environment. Arthur Taylor, a notorious and litigious criminal, successfully challenged the delegated legislation implementing the policy by way of judicial review. This paper argues that the judicial reasoning was flawed, as it was based on erroneous assumptions without a thorough assessment and interpretation of the legislative history. Despite Taylor’s successful claims, the smoking ban was then incorporated into primary legislation. This paper examines the method of implementation, finding issues with retrospective and privative clauses introduced by a late stage supplementary order paper. Prisoners are a group especially vulnerable to curtailment of rights and freedoms, and this paper concludes that removal of the freedom to smoke in prison cells and outside in prison yards was a step too far.</p>

All smoke and mirrors? The Taylor litigation and issues surrounding the smoking ban in New Zealand prisons

<p>A 2005 prisoner health survey found that almost three quarters of the New Zealand prison population identified as smokers. Tobacco was deeply engrained in prison culture and smoking was viewed as an aid for managing the stress and boredom associated with prison life. The Department of Corrections implemented a policy on 1 July 2011, banning smoking in all areas of all prisons in New Zealand. The policy aimed to improve the long-term health of prisoners, and create a healthier workplace environment. Arthur Taylor, a notorious and litigious criminal, successfully challenged the delegated legislation implementing the policy by way of judicial review. This paper argues that the judicial reasoning was flawed, as it was based on erroneous assumptions without a thorough assessment and interpretation of the legislative history. Despite Taylor’s successful claims, the smoking ban was then incorporated into primary legislation. This paper examines the method of implementation, finding issues with retrospective and privative clauses introduced by a late stage supplementary order paper. Prisoners are a group especially vulnerable to curtailment of rights and freedoms, and this paper concludes that removal of the freedom to smoke in prison cells and outside in prison yards was a step too far.</p>

Acute Effects of Kinesiology Taping Stretch Tensions on Soleus and Gastrocnemius H-Reflex Modulations

This study examined the acute effects of stretch tensions of kinesiology taping (KT) on the soleus (SOL), medial (MG), and lateral (LG) gastrocnemius Hoffmann-reflex (H-reflex) modulation in physically active healthy adults. A cross-over within-subject design was used in this study. Twelve physically active collegiate students voluntarily participated in the study (age = 21.3 ± 1.2 years; height = 175.6 ± 7.1 cm; body weight = 69.9 ± 7.1 kg). A standard Y-shape of KT technique was applied to the calf muscles. The KT was controlled in three tension intensities in a randomised order: paper-off, 50%, and 100% of maximal stretch tension of the tape. The peak-to-peak amplitude of maximal M-wave (Mmax) and H-reflex (Hmax) responses in the SOL, MG, and LG muscles were assessed before taping (pre-taping), taping, and after taping (post-taping) phases in the lying prone position. The results demonstrated significantly larger LG Hmax responses in the pre-taping condition than those in the post-taping condition during paper-off KT (p = 0.002). Moreover, the ΔHmax/Mmax of pre- and post-taping in the SOL muscle was significantly larger during 50%KT tension than that of paper-off (p = 0.046). In conclusion, the stretch tension of KT contributes minor influence on the spinal motoneuron excitability in the triceps surae during rest.

Radical Conservatives II

This chapter continues the evaluation of ideas about property amongst radical conservatives. The focus is on three English writers: William Cobbett, G. K. Chesterton, and Hilaire Belloc. They all condemned recent changes in the property order in Britain and called for radical reform to reverse it. Cobbett was concerned above all with the disruption to an established, paternalistic property order in the countryside, which disruption he associated, above all, with a new commercial order, paper money, and excessive taxation. He wished to see the old, and benign, property regime in agricultural areas re-established. Chesterton and Belloc were also hostile to commercialism and ‘new money’. They advocated a radical redistribution of private property and were associated with a political movement designed to achieve this, distributism. For them, property was a conservative principle and encouraged conservative behaviour—but only when widely distributed. This required a radical redistribution—and it might take a revolution to achieve it.

Partial Face Recognition

Most current Face Identification methods get features and nodes points from still and clear facial images. But, individuals in real world may be obstructed from objects or other people who do not provide the entire image of the person to describe. Keyword-following pats key recognition methods such as: Multiple Key Points with Gbor Triangle (MKD-GTP) and Group Point Matching (RPSM) correspond to the local key points for part of face recognition.Also, on the same note they measure similarity of nodes without higher order mathematical and graphicalinformation that are prone to noise. To solve this, the TPGM method evaluates a static change that encodes the geometry of the other line of the graph, so that a extra precise and stable match with the topology can be calculated.In case to apply higher topological information having higher order, paper offer a topological method to preserve the TPSM algorithm ofconstructionofa higher order shape for each surface and evaluate the change. The paper also suggests that the selection of Viola Jones face recognition points. Deep training can be used to create and combine graphs. This article offers an in-depth study of the progress made in scientific articles and explains the accuracy of the results

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PEMESANAN CATERING DAN DEKORASI DI SUMBAWA BESAR BERBASIS ANDROID

The catering and decorating process in Sumbawa is still conventional. So that the service procedure which applied for now are still less effective and efficient. This process incude to the owners of catering and decoration that could does a mistake, among others, the double order, the order making was not in order due to the accumulation of order notes, especially when crowded customers ordered by telephone or short message which could occur human error such as forgetting the order customer, and pen or order paper that runs out. The software is built by using the programming languages PHP, MySQL, Java and Android Studio. The purpose of making this ordering system is to help the owner of catering nusiness and decoration in Sumbawa besar to improving the quality of their business in the eyes of customers. This ordering system has a service that makes customers know the that location of the place of residence of the business owner as to minimize the occurrence of customer concers for message that are not served. The method used is a method of data collection and software development. The software development process model is used in the waterfall model which consist (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) coding, (4) program testing, (5) maintance.

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN PADA KANARA BALI BERBASIS WEB

ABSTRACT<br />Kanara Bali is a trading company that sells various kinds of Balinese handicraft artwork. The<br />handicrafts that Kanara Bali sells include garden accecories, art stone carving, water fountain<br />and more. Kanara Bali serves direct purchases and also serves custom orders in accordance with<br />consumer demand. Kanara Bali have problems with the data recording process of incoming<br />goods, goods out and stock items. The sales transaction process is only recorded using phurchase<br />order (PO) paper. The problem that occurs with using phurchase order paper is the frequent loss<br />of data contained in the phurchase order paper. The reporting process is also delayed so that the<br />data presented becomes less accurate. The purpose of this research is to produce the design of<br />sales information system on Kanara Bali based website. The system built will be used to assist the<br />company in processing sales transactions, recording incoming goods data, goods out and stock<br />items. This application is built using waterfall development method and php programming<br />language as well as mysql as database. Stages of research starts from the stages of data analysis<br />is by doing observation, interview and documentation, and in proceed with the design of the<br />system in the form of Data Flow diagram and user interface design and the last is the<br />implementation of the system. The output of this research is a website-based sales application<br />where input data in the form of sales transaction data and purchases that produce output in the<br />form of sales reports and purchasing reports. From the existing transaction process can generate<br />sales reports, purchases reports and stock items reports that can be viewed by the user and owner.<br />The report can be used as consideration in the company's decision making.<br />Keywords: sales information systems, website based applications, PHP, Mysql.<br />ABSTRAK<br />Kanara Bali merupakan perusahaan dagang yang menjual berbagai macam hasil karya seni<br />kerajinan khas Bali. Kerajinan yang di jual Kanara Bali meliputi garden accecories, art stone<br />carving, water fountain dan lainnya. Kanara Bali melayani pembelian langsung dan juga melayani<br />custom order sesuai dengan permintaan konsumen. Kanara Bali memiliki permasalahan pada<br />proses pencatatan data barang masuk, barang keluar dan stok barang. Proses transaksi penjualan<br />hanya dicatat menggunakan kertas phurchase order (PO). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk<br />menghasilkan rancang bangun sistem informasi penjualan pada Kanara Bali berbasis website.<br />Sistem yang dibangun akan digunakan untuk membantu pihak perusahaan dalam memproses<br />transaksi penjualan, pencatatan data barang masuk, barang keluar dan stok barang. Aplikasi ini<br />dibangun dengan menggunakan metode pengembangan waterfall dan bahasa pemrograman PHP<br />serta mysql sebagai database. Tahapan penelitian dimulai dari tahapan analisis data yaitu dengan<br />melakukan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, dan di lanjutkan dengan perancangan sistem<br />berupa Data Flow diagram dan rancangan user interface serta yang terakhir adalah implementasi<br />sistem. Luaran penelitian ini berupa aplikasi penjualan berbasis website dimana input data berupa<br />data transaksi penjualan dan pembelian yang menghasilkan output berupa laporan penjualan dan<br />laporan pembelian. Dari proses transaksi yang ada dapat menghasilkan laporan penjualan, laporan<br />pembelian dan laporan stok barang yang dapat dilihat oleh user dan owner. Laporan tersebut dapat<br />dijadikan sebagai bahan pertimbangan di dalam pengambilan keputusan perusahaan.<br />Kata Kunci: sistem informasi penjualan, aplikasi berbasis website, PHP, Mysql