Nonprofit Commercial Revenue

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 686-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janelle A. Kerlin ◽  
Tom H. Pollak
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Resource Dependency ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Government Grants ◽  
Private Contributions ◽  
Government Grant

This article examines whether there has been an increase in nonprofit commercial revenue and if so whether declines in government grants and private contributions were behind the rise. A number of nonprofit scholars have held that nonprofit commercial activity increased significantly during the 1980s and 1990s. Following on resource dependency theory, they suggest that nonprofits use commercial income as a replacement for lost government grant and private revenue. However, authors for and against this thesis have provided little empirical evidence to test these claims. This study uses the Internal Revenue Services’ Statistics of Income database to track sources of revenue for charitable nonprofit organizations from 1982 to 2002. Trend and panel analysis show that although there was a large increase in commercial revenue, there is little evidence the increase was associated with declines in government grants and private contributions. Findings point to institutional theory and have important implications for policymakers and nonprofit practitioners.

scholarly journals A Study on the Entry Strategies Related with Risk Management of Turkish Companies to the Emerging Economies

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duygu Anil Keskin ◽  
Ibrahim Anil ◽  
Cem Canel
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Resource Dependency ◽  
Transaction Cost Theory ◽  
Resource Dependency Theory ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
Entry Modes ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Entry Strategies

There is a wide literature about companies’ entry-modes (acquisition and greenfield) and ownership preferences (JV and WOS) that they use while investing abroad. In terms of these entry- modes, the explanation capacity of Institutional Theory, Transaction Cost Theory and Resource Dependency Theory have been measured by several studies. However, when these strategies are evaluated separately their explanation capacity decreases. Therefore, new approaches are used. One of these new approaches by Dunning states that the explanation capacity of these theories would be enhanced by integrating them. Dunning argues that these theories would be integrated by accepting that ownership advantages would be assessed as resource dependency theory, location advantages would be assessed as institutional theory and internalization advantages would be assessed as transaction cost theory. This Eclectic approach is used in this study in terms of the interactions of three different approaches. Entry modes with multiple theories would be more effective than a single theory in order to explain the entry modes of these companies. In this study, entry strategies of Turkish companies to the Russia Federation, Balkan Countries and Central Asia are explained, compared and discussed in terms of these theories. The aim of this study is to contribute to the relevant literature by understanding which entry strategy would explain the behavior of Turkish companies while investing in other developing countries.

Social media and the police

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Hu ◽  
Nicholas P. Lovrich
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Contingency Theory ◽  
Resource Dependency ◽  
Resource Dependency Theory ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Police Agencies ◽  
Use Of Social Media

Purpose Most police agencies in the USA make the claim that they use social media, and such use is drawing a great academic attention. Most studies on police use of social media focus on the content of police social media websites. Little research, however, has been conducted regarding what types of police agencies are in fact making use of social media. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap in the knowledge. Design/methodology/approach The study reported here analyzes the 2013 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) data set to identify the principal organizational characteristics of police agencies associated with the use of social media. Binary logistic regression is used to identify significant independent predictors of police use of social media, viewed here as a form of innovation. Findings The findings indicate that the workforce size (commissioned and civilian personnel) of a police agency, the level of participation in multi-jurisdictional task forces and the early use of an official agency website to communicate with the public are the predictors of police use of social media. Research limitations/implications Three theories pertaining to organizational behavior (i.e. contingency theory, institutional theory, and resource dependency theory), as well as Maguire’s (2003) study, are used to establish the theoretical framework for the research reported here. Originality/value Viewed as a pioneering study testing organizational theories related to police use of social media, the current study sets forth findings that help deepen the collective understanding of contingency theory, institutional theory and resource dependency theory as frameworks for explaining organizational behavior in policing.

The Nonprofit Starvation Cycle: Empirical Evidence From a German Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Schubert ◽  
Silke Boenigk
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Organizational Infrastructure ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

The nonprofit starvation cycle describes a phenomenon in which nonprofit organizations continuously underinvest in their organizational infrastructure in response to external expectations for low overhead expenditure. In this study, we draw on nonprofit financial data from 2006 to 2015 to investigate whether the German nonprofit sector is affected by this phenomenon, specifically in the form of falling overhead ratios over time. We find reported overhead ratios to have significantly decreased among organizations without government funding and that the decrease originates from cuts in fundraising expenses—two results that are in contrast to previous findings from the U.S. nonprofit sector. With this study, we contribute to nonprofit literature by engaging in a discussion around the starvation cycle’s generalizability across contexts.

scholarly journals Governmental Influences on Organizational Capacity: The Case of Child Welfare Nonprofits

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley Murphy ◽  
Robbie Waters Robichau
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
Resource Dependency ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Relational Contracting ◽  
Using Data

AbstractWhen government agencies interact with nonprofit organizations they have various effects on the organization’s capacity. But, it is unclear how a particular agency’s environment-both internal (i. e. organizational culture) and external (i. e. resource dependency)-determines whether government’s influence on that agency will be positive or negative. Using data from a survey of child welfare nonprofits, this paper examines to what extent a nonprofit’s relationship with government improves or hinders their capacity. Evidence suggests that the nonprofit’s organizational culture, dependency on government funds, and relational contracting has a significant impact on the perception that governmental interaction has made capacity better or worse. Contrary to expectations, there are improvements in management activities as government funding and contracts increases.

Energy Resources and Markets – Perspectives on the Russia–Ukraine War

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Jokull Johannesson ◽  
David Clowes
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Resource Dependency ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Resource Dependency Theory ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
Causal Pathway

This article explains the causes of the Russia–Ukraine war starting in 2014 from the energy and energy markets perspective, based on resource dependency theory and the conceptual framework outlined by Jeffrey D. Colgan (2013). Our findings reveal that Russia is critically dependent on revenue from gas exports to Ukraine and the European Union, but also that Ukraine’s energy deposits and pipeline system have the potential to be a direct competitive threat to Russia’s energy exports. This paper argues that this was the underlying reason and main causal pathway leading to Russia’s annexation of Crimea and the subsequent war in eastern Ukraine.

scholarly journals Nollywood Accounting and Financial Performance: Evidence From Nigerian Cinemas

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaoluwa Elsie Umukoro ◽  
Damilola Felix Eluyela ◽  
Emmanuel Ozordi ◽  
Ofe Iwiyisi Inua ◽  
Sheriff Babajide Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Resource Dependency ◽  
Major Determinant ◽  
Resource Dependency Theory ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
Media Campaigns

The main aim of this study is to discover what influences the financial performance of a given Nollywood film in Nigerian cinemas. We hypothesize that social media, filmmakers and friends influences financial performance of Nollywood films in Nigeria. In order to achieve this objective, we adopted survey research design methodology via the use of google forms to generate 530 copies of questionnaire between November 2018 and January 2019. Using resource dependency theory, we find out that social media, filmmakers and friends are major determinant of Nollywood financial performance in Nigeria. We recommend that filmmakers should embark on more social media campaigns and adverts in order to generate more revenue and profit for their films.

Using resource dependency theory to measure the environment in health care organizational studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie A. Yeager ◽  
Nir Menachemi ◽  
Grant T. Savage ◽  
Peter M. Ginter ◽  
Bisakha P. Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Resource Dependency ◽  
Organizational Studies ◽  
Resource Dependency Theory ◽  
Dependency Theory

The Composition of Nonprofit Audit Committees

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Vermeer ◽  
K. Raghunandan ◽  
Dana A. Forgione
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Audit Committees ◽  
Chief Financial Officers ◽  
Independent Directors ◽  
Government Grants ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Financial Expert

Audit committee composition has attracted significant attention from legislators and regulators in recent years. Although most of the focus has been on corporate audit committees, recent legislative efforts underscore the importance of governance in the nonprofit sector. Using data from a survey of 118 chief financial officers of nonprofit organizations as well as financial data from the GuideStar database, we examine the composition of nonprofit audit committees and factors associated with their composition. The data show that many nonprofits have not adopted Sarbanes-Oxley reforms, since we find that 36 percent of nonprofits have audit committees that are not completely independent. Organizations that are larger, receive government grants, and use a Big 4 auditor are more likely to have audit committees with solely independent directors. Surprisingly, universities and hospitals are less likely to have solely independent directors on the audit committee. Eighty-eight percent of nonprofits have at least one financial expert on the audit committee, and organizations that receive government grants and have an internal audit function are more likely to have a financial expert on the committee. Overall, our findings support the view that nonprofit audit committee composition varies in response to the demands related to the need for resources, the presence of other monitoring mechanisms, and the type of nonprofit.

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