Reducing the Risk of Ventricular Fibrillation by Adding Sodium to Ionic and Non-Ionic Contrast Media with Low Iodine Concentration

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bååth ◽  
T. Almén
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Contractile Force ◽  
Ionic Ratio ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Ionic Contrast ◽  
Meglumine Diatrizoate

To compare the fibrillatory propensity of low concentrations of contrast media (140 mg I/ml) the ionic, ratio 1.5, contrast medium meglumine diatrizoate, the non-ionic, ratio 3, medium iopentol and equimolar glucose (0.37 mol/l) were perfused into 35 isolated rabbit hearts. The three substances were compared at three levels of sodium concentration (0, 77 and 154 mmol Na+/l). Meglumine diatrizoate without sodium caused the highest frequency of ventricular fibrillation (91 %). Iopentol without sodium caused a significantly lower frequency of ventricular fibrillation (17%). Glucose without sodium caused no fibrillation. The addition of 77 or 154 mmol Na+/l significantly decreased the frequency of ventricular fibrillation of both meglumine diatrizoate (3 % and 6%) and iopentol (0%). Meglumine diatrizoate with sodium added caused a lower frequency of ventricular fibrillation than iopentol without sodium. At equal sodium concentrations (0, 77 and 154 mmol Na+/l) glucose caused smaller reduction in contractile force and heart rate than iopentol, and iopentol caused smaller reduction in contractile force and heart rate than diatrizoate. It is concluded that addition of sodium to ionic or non-ionic contrast media without sodium decreases the risk of ventricular fibrillation.

Effect of Sodium Addition to Non-Ionic Contrast Media on Cardiac Contractile Force

1990 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
L. Bååth ◽  
T. Almen ◽  
A. Oksendal
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contractile Force ◽  
Cardiac Contractile ◽  
Ionic Contrast

Contrast Media Induced Ventricular Fibrillation during Coronary Angiography in Dogs

1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hayakawa ◽  
K. Yamashita ◽  
Y. Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sodium Ions ◽  
Meglumine Diatrizoate ◽  
The Right

This study is designed to determine which is more critical for contrast media induced ventricular fibrillation (VF), hyperosmolality or lack of sodium ions. The right coronary artery in the canine model was infused continuously with contrast media (CM) for 25 seconds or until ventricular fibrillation occurred. The test solutions included isotonic saline, 305 mg I/ml of meglumine diatrizoate, 370 mg I/ml of meglumine/Na diatrizoate and 370 mg I/ml of metrizamide. The incidence of VF with meglumine/Na diatrizoate was significantly higher than with metrizamide (p<0.05). These observations suggest that the hyperosmolality is more critical than the lack of sodium ions in CM when metrizamide is compared with conventional ionic CM. On the other hand, the results showing that contact time until VF was shorter with meglumine diatrizoate than with meglumine/Na diatrizoate may reflect the importance of sodium ions in CM with similar osmolality.

Effect of Sodium Addition to Non-Ionic Contrast Media on Cardiac Contractile Force

1990 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
L. Bååth ◽  
T. Almén ◽  
A. Öksendal
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contractile Force ◽  
Cardiac Contractile ◽  
Ionic Contrast

Effect of Ionic and Non-Ionic Contrast Media on Aggregation of Red Blood Cells in Vitro

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Raininko ◽  
S.-L. Ylinen
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Ionic Contrast ◽  
Physiologic Saline ◽  
Meglumine Diatrizoate ◽  
Human Red Cells

Fresh human blood without additives, and contrast medium were mixed and examined immediately by light microscopy in a non-flowing state. Sodium meglumine diatrizoate, meglumine diatrizoate, meglumine iodamide, sodium meglumine ioxaglate, iopromide, iopamidol, iohexol, and metrizamide were tested in concentrations of 300 mg I/ml. Physiologic saline and 5% glucose were used as controls. All media were tested in a randomized order with blood samples from 23 volunteers. No aggregation was detected in physiologic saline, and few rouleaux were found in ionic contrast media. Irregular red cell aggregates were found in all low-osmolal contrast media: in 17 per cent of the specimens in ioxaglate, in 52 per cent in metrizamide, and in 78 to 100 per cent in other non-ionic media. Irregular aggregates were seen in all specimens with glucose. It remains to be demonstrated whether or not the irregular aggregation of human red cells in non-ionic contrast media has clinical significance. Iohexol was also tested with blood samples from several laboratory animals, but in nearly every case no aggregates were found. Results of animal experiments or tests with animal blood seem to be poorly applicable to man.

Cardiovascular Responses to the Intracarotid Injections of Ionic Contrast Media and Iohexol in the Dog

1986 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hayakawa ◽  
T. W. Morris ◽  
R. W. Katzberg ◽  
H. W. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Ionic Contrast ◽  
S Period

Hypotension and bradycardia are the most significant cardiovascular responses resulting from intracarotid injections of hypertonic contrast media (CM). We have assessed both local and systemic vascular responses to the selective intracarotid injections of ionic and non-ionic CM in twelve pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. Alterations in blood pressure, heart rate, and femoral, renal and carotid blood flows were monitored following right common carotid artery injections of ionic contrast media (282–288 mg I/ml), isotonic saline, and iohexol (300 mg I/ml). Ionic CM led to early (0 to 10 s) decreases in blood pressure, heart rate and femoral vascular resistance. Isotonic saline induced no significant early changes in these same parameters while iohexol caused a decrease in heart rate. Our observations suggest that the early (0 to 10 s) decreases in femoral vascular resistance, heart rate and pressure that occur with the intracarotid injection of hypertonic CM are mediated via the autonomic nervous system and initiated from a site in the carotid circulation. During the 15 to 40 s period when the CM has reached the systemic circulation, iohexol produced smaller effects on systemic blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistances than did the ionic CM. During this 15 to 40 s period there were decreased vascular resistances in the carotid and renal vascular beds that probably result from local effects of the CM, however, the femoral resistance was actually increased. This later increase in femoral resistance probably represents the results of increased sympathetic nervous system activity working to offset the decrease in renal and carotid resistances and thus maintain pressure at baseline values. The vascular resistance changes observed demonstrate a complexity of responses to CM not previously appreciated.

Intrathyroidal iodine concentration after application of non-ionic contrast media with and without prophylactic application of perchlorate

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (04) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Schaffhauser ◽  
H. Hänscheid ◽  
J. Rendl ◽  
I. Grelle ◽  
Chr. Reiners
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Concomitant Medication ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oral Application ◽  
Nonionic Contrast Medium ◽  
Ionic Contrast

Summary Aim: This study was designed to show the effect of a nonionic contrast medium (Iomeprol-300; CM) on the intrathyroidal iodine concentration with and without a concomitant medication with perchlorate (1380 mg/d) to block the thyroidal iodine uptake. Volunteers and methods: Twelve volunteers recieved 100 ml Iomeprol-300 intravenously and the perchlorate prophylaxis mentioned above. Another 12 volunteers got 100 ml Iomeprol-300 only. By means of X-ray-fluorescence-analysis the intrathyroidal iodine concentration was determined in advance as well as 0.2, 1, 3, 5, 7, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after the application of the CM. Results, Conclusion: The intrathyroidal iodine concentration did not change in the group of volunteers on perchlorate medication. Without perchlorate the intrathyroidal iodine concentration decreased after the application of the CM when it was initially high (722 ± 66 μg/ml before, 670 ± 65 μg/ml after CM; p = 0.046) and increased in case of a low initial concentration (327 ± 40 μg/ml before, 381 ± 25μg/ml after CM; p = 0.046). The effect is significant but its magnitude is too small to be harmful for a patient with a healthy thyroid. The oral application of 1.4 g/d perchlorate inhibits the thyroidal iodine uptake and the intrathyroidal iodine concentration is unaffected by the application of a CM.

Reduction of the Risk of Ventricular Fibrillation in the Isolated Rabbit Heart by Small Additions of Electrolytes to Non-Ionic Monomeric Contrast Media

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bååth ◽  
T. Almén
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Intermediate Frequency ◽  
Rabbit Heart ◽  
Krebs Solution ◽  
Isolated Rabbit Heart ◽  
Small Risk ◽  
Ionic Contrast ◽  
The Media

Perfusion of the isolated rabbit heart with solutions (350 mg I/ml) of the non-ionic contrast media iohexol and iopentol, both containing NaCl (20 mmol/l), caused a significantly lower frequency of ventricular fibrillation (VF) than solutions without NaCl. Iohexol or iopentol with NaCl (10 mmol/l) caused an intermediate frequency of VF. Iohexol with 10 or 20 mmol NaCl/l caused about the same frequency of VF as iohexol solutions with about the same total electrolyte concentration but with electrolyte composition as that of Krebs' solution. At 320 mg I/ml, solutions of iohexol (20 mmol NaCl/l), iodixanol (20 mmol NaCl/l) and ioxaglate (155 mmol Na/l) all produced a significantly lower frequency of VF than iohexol without NaCl. Ioxaglate caused the largest and iodixanol the smallest decrease in contractile force of the media. The investigation suggests that the small risk of VF from non-ionic monomeric media can be further reduced by adding a small amount of sodium chloride or of the electrolytes of Krebs' solution.

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