iodine concentration
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

709
(FIVE YEARS 255)

H-INDEX

34
(FIVE YEARS 5)

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jinping Li ◽  
Sheng Zhao ◽  
Zaisheng Ling ◽  
Daqing Li ◽  
Guangsheng Jia ◽  
...  

Background. This study aims to evaluate the application of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for multiparameter quantitative measurement in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods. The study retrospectively enrolled 30 patients with early-stage HCC and 43 patients with early-stage HCC who received radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and underwent abdomen enhanced CT scans in GSI mode. The GSI viewer was used for image display and data analysis. The regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated in the arterial phase and the venous phase. The optimal single energy value, CT values on different energy levels (40 keV, 70 keV, 100 keV, and 140 keV), the optimal energy level, the slope of the spectral attenuation curve, the effective atomic number (Zeff), iodine concentration (IC), water concentration (WC), normalized iodine concentration (NIC), and normalized water concentration (NWC) are measured and quantitatively analyzed. Results. The CT values of early-stage HCC at different single energy levels in dual phases were significantly different, and the single energy values were negatively correlated with the CT values. In the arterial phase and the venous phase, the optimal energy values for the best contrast-to-noise ratio were (68.34 ± 3.20) keV and (70.14 ± 2.01) keV, respectively. The slope of the spectral attenuation curve showed a downward trend at 40 keV, 70 keV, 100 keV, and 140 keV, but there was no statistically significant difference P > 0.05 . Zeff was positively correlated with IC and standardized IC, but has no significant correlation with WC and NWC in dual phases. Conclusion. DECT imaging contains multiparameter information and has different application values for early-stage HCC, and it is necessary to select the parameters reasonably for personalized and comprehensive evaluation.


Author(s):  
А.Н. Моисеев ◽  
В.С. Евстигнеев ◽  
А.В. Чилясов ◽  
М.В. Костюнин

The dependence of iodine incorporation in CdTe layers on the deposition conditions during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy is investigated. The growth of the layers was carried out from dimethylcadmium and diethyltellurium in the hydrogen flow in a vertical reactor with a hot wall condition at a total pressure of 20 kPa. The total iodine concentration was determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry, the electrically active concentration was determined from the Hall effect measurement. The iodine incorporation depends on the crystallographic orientation of the substrate (were studied (100), (310), (111)A, (111)B, (211)A and (211)B), the concentration of the doping precursor (flux range 5·10–8–3·10–6 mol/min), the mole ratio of organometallic compounds (DMCd/DETe=0.25–4), growth temperature (335–390°C) and the walls of the reactor above the pedestal (hot wall zone 290–320°C). The total iodine concentration reached 5·1018 cm–3 and the activation efficiency was ~4 %. After thermal annealing in cadmium vapor at 500°C the activation efficiency was ~100 %.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-799
Author(s):  
Syeda Farha S ◽  
Asna Urooj

During pregnancy, the daily requirement of iodine increases making those most at-risk population for iodine deficiency disorders. The available confined data shows that pregnant women are iodine deficient even in iodine sufficient regions with this background the objectives of the current study were to assess the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and evaluate the relationship between the levels of hemoglobin, UIC, and thyroid status in first-trimester pregnant women. A cross-sectional hospital-based study with a total sample size of n=110 pregnant women at the13th week of gestation in the Mysuru district was selected. The UIC, anthropometric measurements, iodine intake, and selected biochemical parameters (TSH, FT3, FT4, and Hb) were assessed. The data was analysed using SPSS (v 16.0). Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to analyse correlations. The Mann- Whitney U test was used to compare differences between groups. ANOVA was used to study the comparison of pregnancy complications with UIC and hemoglobin. The median UIC (mUIC) was 194.2 µg/L and Hb was 10.5 g/dL. Even though the mUIC was normal, around 38.2% had insufficient UIC. Significant inverse relationship between UIC and TSH (r = -0.487, p<0.001), Hb and TSH (r = -0.355, p < 0.001), and between TSH and iodine intake (r=-0.476, p<0.001) were observed. It was interesting to observe that those with insufficient UIC were found to have mild anaemia and low FT4 levels and those with excess UIC had lower TSH levels. The pregnant women in the present study were found to have the normal median urinary iodine concentration and were mildly anaemic. Increased attention among pregnant women should be focused on iodine status along with iron status and thyroid functions. Larger comparative studies need to be performed to study the impact of altered iodine status on neonatal outcomes.


Tomography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Andreas S. Brendlin ◽  
Markus Mader ◽  
Sebastian Faby ◽  
Bernhard Schmidt ◽  
Ahmed E. Othman ◽  
...  

(1) To explore the potential impact of an AI dual-energy CT (DECT) prototype on decision making and workflows by investigating its capabilities to differentiate COVID-19 from immunotherapy-related pneumonitis. (2) Methods: From 3 April 2020 to 12 February 2021, DECT from biometrically matching patients with COVID-19, pneumonitis, and inconspicuous findings were selected from our clinical routine. Three blinded readers independently scored each pulmonary lobe analogous to CO-RADS. Inter-rater agreement was determined with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Averaged perfusion metrics per lobe (iodine uptake in mg, volume without vessels in ml, iodine concentration in mg/mL) were extracted using manual segmentation and an AI DECT prototype. A generalized linear mixed model was used to investigate metric validity and potential distinctions at equal CO-RADS scores. Multinomial regression measured the contribution “Reader”, “CO-RADS score”, and “perfusion metrics” to diagnosis. The time to diagnosis was measured for manual vs. AI segmentation. (3) Results: We included 105 patients (62 ± 13 years, mean BMI 27 ± 2). There were no significant differences between manually and AI-extracted perfusion metrics (p = 0.999). Regardless of the CO-RADS score, iodine uptake and concentration per lobe were significantly higher in COVID-19 than in pneumonitis (p < 0.001). In regression, iodine uptake had a greater contribution to diagnosis than CO-RADS scoring (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.82 [95%CI 1.10–2.99] vs. OR = 0.20 [95%CI 0.14–0.29]). The AI prototype extracted the relevant perfusion metrics significantly faster than radiologists (10 ± 1 vs. 15 ± 2 min, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The investigated AI prototype positively impacts decision making and workflows by extracting perfusion metrics that differentiate COVID-19 from visually similar pneumonitis significantly faster than radiologists.


Author(s):  
Yozen Fuse ◽  
Yoshiya Ito ◽  
Yoshimasa Shishiba ◽  
Minoru Irie

Abstract Context Japan has been regarded as a long-standing iodine sufficient country without iodine fortification; however, data on nationwide iodine status is lacking. Objective This study aimed to characterize the iodine status in Japan. Methods From 2014 through 2019 a nationwide school-based survey was conducted across all districts in Japan. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), creatinine (Cr) concentration and anthropometry were assessed in healthy school-aged children (SAC) aged 6 to 12 years. Their iodine status is regarded as generally representative of the nation's iodine status. Results A total of 32,025 children participated. The overall median UIC was 269 μg/L which was within the WHO’s adequacy range. There was a regional difference in UIC values within 14 regions, and the lowest and highest median UIC were found in Tanegashima Island (209 μg/L) and Nakashibetsu, Hokkaido (1,071 μg/L), respectively. The median UIC ≥ 300 μg/L was observed in 12 out of 46 regions. By using estimated 24-h urinary iodine excretion (UIE), the prevalence of SAC exceeding the upper tolerable limit of iodine for Japanese children was from 5.2 to 13.7%. The UIC values did not change with age, BSA and BMI percentile, while the Cr concentration simultaneously increased suggesting the effect of urinary creatinine on UI/Cr and estimated 24-h UIE values. Conclusions The iodine intake of Japanese people is adequate, but in some areas it is excessive. The incidence and prevalence of thyroid disorders associated with iodine intake should be obtained especially in the areas where high amounts of iodine are consumed.


Author(s):  
Sachila Niroshani ◽  
Sachila Niroshani ◽  
Tokiko Nakamura ◽  
Nikaidou Michiru ◽  
Toru Negishi

Purpose: To assess the iodine enhancement intensity of breast lesions in low energy (LE) images obtained in contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) with different tissue compositions. Materials and Methods: A 50 mm dedicated phantom with different lesion insert and iodine insert were used to assess the enhancement intensity quantitatively. The target slab of the phantom consists of three lesions + iodine inserts together and 100% adipose equivalent,100% glandular equivalent inserts alone to mimic the adipose and glandular lesion without contrast-enhancement. Each iodine inserts having a concentration of 0.5 mgI/cm3, 1.0 mgI/cm3, 2.0 mgI/cm3. The phantom was exposed under semiautomated function at 28 kV, 30 kV, and 32 kV with Mo/Rh target/filter combination. Iodine intensity was estimated for three types of lesions at three breast equivalent compositions. Results: Lesions with fatty tissue had high intensity while lesions with glandular tissues had the minimum intensity. Among fatty lesions, highest mean intensity value (0.972±0.003) observed with minimum iodine concentration (F + 0.5 mgI/cm3). The highest mean intensity value (0.882±0.001) was found related to the glandular lesion with maximum iodine concentration (G + 2.0 mgI/cm3). The one-way ANOVA statistical test confirmed that mean intensity values were significantly varied among different lesions (P < 0.05). Conclusion: LE images obtained in CESM can be used to identify the different types of lesions without performing the full field digital mammography (FFDM) as an additional examination prior to the CESM procedure.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4523
Author(s):  
Chisom B. Ezemaduka Okoli ◽  
Henok G. Woldu ◽  
Catherine A. Peterson

Iodine intake in the US has declined in recent years. Iodine insufficiency increases the risk for inadequate thyroid hormone production and there is growing evidence that sub-clinical hypothyroidism may be disruptive to metabolic health, including insulin resistance (IR). We investigated the association between urinary iodine concentrations (UIC), a measurement of iodine status, and IR in adults. Data from 1286 US adults (≥20 years) in the NHANES 2011–2012 were analyzed. Two subgroups (low = UIC < 100 µg/L and normal = UIC ≥ 100 µg/L) were compared for markers of IR, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Chi-square test, both linear and logistic regression models were used. In males, there were no significant associations between UIC and markers of IR; however, females with normal UIC had greater risks for elevated HOMA-IR (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI= 0.32–0.99) and HbA1C (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.34–0.90), while females with low UIC had a greater risk for FPG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L (AOR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.09–2.72). Results only partially support our hypothesis that UIC is associated with the odds of IR in adults. The finding of an increased risk for elevated FPG, a marker of prediabetes, in female adults with low iodine status requires further investigation.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261233
Author(s):  
Jimin Yoon ◽  
Yangsean Choi ◽  
Jinhee Jang ◽  
Na-Young Shin ◽  
Kook-Jin Ahn ◽  
...  

Purpose To determine whether dual-energy CT (DECT) has incremental diagnostic value when combined with ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of metastatic cervical lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with PTC between October 2019 and August 2020. US features of LNs to include hyperechogenicity, round shape, microcalcification, cystic component, and homogeneous/peripheral vascularity were considered suggestive of metastasis. The HU of arterial phase (HUarterial) and DECT-derived CT images [contrast media (CM) and areas under the 100 keV monoenergetic curve (AUC100keV)] were measured. Effective atomic numbers (Zeff), iodine concentration (mg/mL), and slope of the HU curve (λHU) were also obtained. The values for metastatic and benign LNs were compared using Student’s t-test with false-discovery correction. Logistic regression with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were performed for predicting metastatic LNs. Results A total of 102 patients were included (49 metastatic and 53 benign LNs; mean age, 46±15 years). Metastatic LNs showed significantly higher values for HUarterial, CM, Zeff, λHU, AUC100keV, and iodine concentration (all, P = 0.001). In logistic regression, the HUarterial demonstrated the highest AUC (0.824; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.751–0.897), followed by CM HU (0.762; 95% CI, 0.679–0.846). Combination of DECT parameters with US features improved the AUC from 0.890 to 0.941. Conclusion Compared to US features alone, combination with DECT-derived quantitative parameters improved diagnostic performance in predicting metastatic cervical LNs in patients with PTC.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Hoover ◽  
Alexandria O. Starks ◽  
Valentina Robila ◽  
Daniel L. Riddle

Abstract Background Avascular necrosis is a delayed complication of proximal humerus fractures that increases the likelihood of poor clinical outcomes. CT scans are routinely performed to guide proximal humerus fracture management. We hypothesized iodine concentration on post-contrast dual energy CT scans identifies subjects who develop avascular necrosis and ischemia due to compromised blood flow. Materials and methods 55 patients with proximal humerus fractures enrolled between 2014 and 2017 underwent clinical, radiographic and contrast enhanced dual energy CT assessment. Iodine densities of the humeral head and the glenoid (control) were measured on CT. Subjects managed with open reduction internal fixation or conservatively (non-surgical) were followed for up to two years for radiographic evidence of avascular necrosis. Arthroplasty subjects underwent histopathologic evaluation for ischemia of the resected humeral head. Results 17 of 55 subjects (30.9%) were treated conservatively, 21 (38.2%) underwent open reduction internal fixation and 17 of 55 (30.9%) underwent arthroplasty. Of the 38 subjects treated conservatively or with ORIF, 20 (52.6%) completed 12 months of follow up and 14 (36.8%) 24 months of follow up. At 12 months follow up, two of 20 subjects (10%) and at 24 months 3 of 14 subjects (21.4%) developed avascular necrosis. At 12 months, the mean humerus/glenoid iodine ratio was 1.05 (standard deviation 0.24) in subjects with AVN compared to 0.91 (0.24) in those who did not. At 24 months, subjects with avascular necrosis had a mean humerus/glenoid iodine concentration ratio of 1.06 (0.17) compared to 0.924 (0.21) in those who did not. Of 17 arthroplasty subjects, 2 had severe ischemia and an iodine ratio of 1.08 (0.30); 5 had focal ischemia and a ratio of 1.00 (0.36); and 8 no ischemia and a ratio of 0.83 (0.08). Conclusions Quantifying iodine using dual energy CT in subjects with proximal humerus fractures is technically feasible. Preliminary data suggest higher humeral head iodine concentration may increase risk of avascular necrosis; however, future studies must enroll and follow enough subjects managed with open reduction internal fixation or conservatively for two or more years to provide statistically significant results. Trial Registrations NCT02170545 registered June 23, 2014, ClinicalTrials.gov.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document