新型コロナウイルス感染症のヘルスリテラシーの違いによる対象者セグメンテーション

The purpose of this study is to identify the types of the risk communication for COVID-19. We conducted the cross-sectional questionnaire survey, for 6,000 people (male = 3000, female = 3000, M = 49.41±16.59), regarded as health literacy. In the result, it is revealed there were 6 segments: "majority/social defense" in which people had the most common beliefs and thought PCR testing is necessary for all, "self-judgment/self-protection" that was highly literate, "threat denying" that completely denied threats and prevention of infection, "hoax affinity/optimism" that took in information without discernment, "vigilance/self-protection," in which people felt threatened by infection but thought that PCR testing was unnecessary, and "hyper vigilance/social defense," in which people protected others if there was even a small risk.

ANALISIS RISIKO KECELAKAAN KERJA METODE HIRA (HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT) DI PT. X

The HIRA (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment) method is a process of identifying hazards that occur in all company activities, then conducting a risk assessment of the hazards that occur. Introduction: Based on the initial survey conducted at PT. X, it was found that there were work accidents such as pinched hands, cuts, entanglement in processing machines which caused the risk of accidents. This research was conducted at PT.X in February-August 2021. Methods: This study used a descriptive qualitative method. This study analyzes the risk of work accidents using the HIRA (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment) method which aims to identify hazards and conduct a risk assessment of these hazards. The research informants were 6 people consisting of 2 key informants and 4 main informants. Results: The results showed that there were 44 types of hazards from 8 work stations at PT. X. Among them, 16% have a small risk of harm (trivial), 38.6% have a tolerable risk, 34.1% have a moderate risk of harm, 4.5% have a substantial risk of harm, 6, 8% have an intolerable risk of harm. Conclusion: Risk analysis is a process by which hazards are identified and risks are estimated to assess the damage caused with the likelihood of damage occurring.

Efficacy of Ibutilide for Terminating Recent Onset Atrial Fibrillation- A Single Centre Study

Introduction: Ibutilide is a class 3 antiarrythmic agent that is used infrequently. There are few studies on its usage, especially among Indians. Materials & Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients in a tertiary care unit who had recently developed atrial fibrillation and were given the normal dose of ibutilide. During the study period, data was gathered from medical records. Results: During the study period, ibutilide was given to a total of 40 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the participants were under 60 years old and had only been in atrial fibrillation for less than 24 hours. In 70% of cases, atrial fibrillation could be successfully terminated with only a small risk of adverse events. Conclusion: Ibutilide is a safe and effective treatment for people who have recent onset atrial fibrillation.

First do no harm?

Group analysts seldom write about the risk of harming their patients. Yet it is now widely recognized that all psychotherapies come with a small risk of harm and this risk has remained since it was first identified in the 1970s. In the wider group psychotherapy literature, risk of harm has been linked to the poor management of conflict and scapegoating, the misuse of interpretation, narcissistic leadership and unsuitability or lack of preparation of patients. Group analytic writers have examined each of these areas to varying degrees but not from the perspective of harm to the patient. This article highlights this ‘blind spot’ within the profession and signals the need for action.

Performance of large firms in Greece during the unstable period of 2011–2016: lessons from the weak parts of Europe

PurposeThe unprecedented economic crisis in Greece deeply affected entrepreneurship, which was traditionally characterised by low levels of innovation and competitiveness, the dominant presence of micro-sized enterprises and the weak signs of prosperity in large firms. This paper, in acknowledgement of the necessary transformations that production incurred due to the crisis, attempts to detect the characteristics of large manufacturing firms that contributed to their greater resilience during the unstable period of 2011–2016 by analysing the determinants of the higher profitability of firms. The analysis shows that firms that improved their productivity and sales levels and in parallel are flexible, in the sense that they have limited amounts of both assets and liabilities and thus a small risk, are those that presented higher profits during the period under study. Initial conditions, sectoral characteristics and the broader national environment do not seem to have a strong contributive role in firms' profitability.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis follows a dynamic system generalised method of moments (GMM) estimation based on a panel data set of 125 Greek large firms over the time span 2011–2016.FindingsThe analysis shows that firms that improve their productivity and sales levels and in parallel are flexible, in the sense that they have a limited amount of both assets and liabilities and thus a small risk, are those that present higher profits during the period under study. Initial conditions, sectoral characteristics and the broader national environment do not seem to have a strong contributive role in firms' profitability.Research limitations/implicationsThe present paper attempts to explain the performance of the most dynamic large manufacturing firms in Greece by investigating the role of some of the most important determinants of firm profitability (according to data availability), acknowledging, however, some analysis' limitations as the absence of some other parameters like the export activity or the incorporation of any innovative features in the firmsOriginality/valueThe novelty of this paper lies in two points. First, the subject of the analysis is the large firms in Greece, which have not received much attention as Greek entrepreneurship was traditionally based on the light, labour- or resource-intensive production and the main bulk of the literature was not on that topic. Second, during the deep and protracted crisis that Greece has experienced, several production transformations have taken place that remain partly undiscovered. The present paper attempts to analyse the characteristics of large firms that drove their profitability and improved their resilience during the crucial time period 2011–16.

Taking unknown risks based on positive and negative information

Many decisions have to be made under partial ambiguity where information is notavailable about the full probability distribution of risks. To decide in a principled way,one would have to make some assumption(s) about hidden risks. We examined howpeople may balance between the valence of the available information and the potentialinformation concealed by the ambiguity. Under partial ambiguity, people showedflexible skepticism towards the valence of the partially observable probabilisticinformation. When ambiguity size was small, risk taking was sensitive to valence: if theinformation was promising, ambiguity aversion increased, skeptically balancing thepromising prospects of available positive evidence against the hazards of what mightbe hidden from the view. Conversely, when the available information wasdisappointing, ambiguity tolerance increased, cautiously anticipating more than whatthe available information promised. This flexible skepticism was not a trivially reflexiveresponse to valence: when ambiguity was large (i.e., available information wasunreliable), the valence of available information did not impact risk attitudes.

Potential Risk and Safety Measures in Laparoscopy in COVID-19 Positive Patients

Background. During the COVID-19 pandemic the question arises if laparoscopy, as an aerosol forming procedure, poses a potential risk for viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to healthcare workers. Methods. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase and MEDLINE. Articles reporting information regarding COVID-19 or other relevant viruses and laparoscopy, surgical smoke, aerosols and viral transmission were included. Results. Although aerosols produced during laparoscopy do not originate from the respiratory tract, the main transmission route of SARS-CoV-2, research did show SARS-CoV-2 to be present in other body fluids. The transmission risk via this route is however considered very low. As previous research showed potential viral transmission during laparoscopy for viruses that spread through contaminated body fluids, there might be a potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission during laparoscopy, albeit considered very small. Conclusion. Due to the small risk compared to widely known benefits of laparoscopy, there is no reason to replace laparoscopy by laparotomy due to COVID-19 infection. To avoid the potential small risk of viral transmission, additional safety measures are advised.

Simulation Of Optimal Portfolio Using Single Index Model and Markowitz Model On Lq-45 Index Shares For 2018

The essence of portfolio formation is to reduce risk by means of diversification, namely allocating a number of funds to various investment alternatives that are negatively correlated. To select returns in a portfolio, you can use the Single Index Model and the Markowitz Model. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the calculation of which company portfolios can provide a good rate of return with a small risk using the Single Index and Markowitz Model based on the sector of the company. So that the results of this study can provide recommendations to investors in decision making on portfolio selection. The research was conducted on companies indexed by LQ 45 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research period is to use companies indexed by LQ 45 in 2018 for two periods.

Determination of toxic elements in meat products from Serbia packaged in tinplate cans

This work aimed to examine the influence of the storage period on the content of toxic elements (As, Cd, Pb, and Hg), in five types of canned meat products, which are regularly used in the Serbian Armed Forces. Cans of beef goulash (BG), pork ragout (PR), spam (SP), liver pate (LP), and meatballs in tomato sauce (MB), produced according to military standards, and stored under regular conditions (temperature up to max 25 °C and relative humidity up to max 75%), were analyzed in this research. Meat products were made according to the special military requirements, packed in tinplate cans, and stored for up to 6 years. The highest average contents of toxic elements were found to be 10.00 µg/kg for arsenic in BG, 35.91 µg/kg for cadmium in LP, 15.04 µg/kg for mercury in PR, and 8.00 µg/kg for lead in PR. The storage period did not significantly affect the level of toxic elements, although higher concentrations were found in samples stored for more than two years. The influence of raw materials, spices, and additives on the level of toxic elements in some meat products was also examined. None of the samples contained toxic elements at levels exceeding the currently maximum permitted levels. The consumption of this type of food represents a small risk to human health because the exposure of soldiers to toxic elements, calculated as weekly intake, is far below legal PTWI/TWI limits, established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).