Low Flip Angle Gradient Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cervical Spine at 0.3 Tesla

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Holtås ◽  
F. Ståhlberg ◽  
H. Nilsson ◽  
E.-M. Larsson ◽  
A. Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Flip Angle ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Gradient Echo ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Spine Imaging ◽  
Spin Echo Sequence ◽  
Noise Ratio

The influence of flip angle and TR on signal to noise ratio and contrast between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cord was evaluated in cervical spine imaging in 5 volunteers, using gradient echo technique. All experiments were performed on a 0.3 tesla Fonar β-3000 M scanner using solenoidal surface coils. The most useful sequence was considered to be TR/TE=300/12 ms and 10° flip angle. This sequence provided images with a ‘myelographic appearance’ with good delineation of cord, CSF and epidural space. The grey and white matter was also regularly visualized. The acquisition time was considerably shorter than would have been necessary if a long TR/TE spin echo sequence had been used to obtain the same contrast pattern and the sequence was not as sensitive to motion as was the spin echo sequence. The sequence was also evaluated in 10 patients with degenerative disease and in 5 with lesions in the cord. The gradient echo sequence was found to be equal to or better than short and long TR/TE spin echo sequences in demonstrating narrowing of the spinal canal and cord lesions. The drawback is the limited signal to noise ratio.

scholarly journals Analisis Variasi Time Repetition (TR) terhadap Signal to Noise Ratio dan Contrast to Noise Ratio pada Pemeriksaan MRI Cervical T2 Weighted Fast Spin Echo (FSE) Potongan Sagital

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Rini Indrati ◽  
Heriansyah Heriansyah ◽  
Wakhrudin Wakhrudin
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Fast Spin Echo ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Mri Examination ◽  
Spin Echo Sequence ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Fast Spin

Background: Time Repetition (TR) is one parameter that can affect the value of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR). The purpose of this research is to know the effect of variation of TR value on SNR and CNR on cervical MRI examination with Sagital T2 Weighted Fast Spin Echo sequence and to know the most optimal TR value from the variation of TR value to SNR and CNR on cervical MRI examination with Sagital T2 Weighted Fast Spin Echo.Methods: The type of this study was experimental study. The study was conducted using MRI 1.5 Tesla at Kasih Ibu Denpasar Hospital. Data were 40 MRI cervical images of sagital Fast Spin Echo from 10 volunteers with four variations of TR (2500 ms, 3000 ms, 3500 ms, and 4000 ms). The SNR and CNR values are measured by identifying the Region of Interest (ROI) in the corpus, discus, cerebro spinal fluid (CSF), and medula spinalis regions to obtain the average signals and compared with the mean deviation of the background. Data was analyzed by regression test to know the influence and by Anova test.Results: The result of the research showed that there was the influence of TR value to SNR and CNR of MRI Cervical Sagital T2 FSE. There was a strong correlation between the variation of TR values with SNR and CNR Cervical with p-value 0.05, the optimal TR value obtained in Cervical Sagital T2 FSE anatomical image on MRI 1,5 Tesla modality was 3500 ms.Conclusion: Time Repetition affected the signal to noise ratio and contrast to noise ratio. TR 3500 ms produced the most optimal cervical MRI image quality.

Information capacity and bandwidth limitations in the SEM

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 84-85
Author(s):  
D. C. Joy ◽  
R. D. Bunn
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Critical Dimension ◽  
Information Capacity ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Signal Channel

The information available from an SEM image is limited both by the inherent signal to noise ratio that characterizes the image and as a result of the transformations that it may undergo as it is passed through the amplifying circuits of the instrument. In applications such as Critical Dimension Metrology it is necessary to be able to quantify these limitations in order to be able to assess the likely precision of any measurement made with the microscope.The information capacity of an SEM signal, defined as the minimum number of bits needed to encode the output signal, depends on the signal to noise ratio of the image - which in turn depends on the probe size and source brightness and acquisition time per pixel - and on the efficiency of the specimen in producing the signal that is being observed. A detailed analysis of the secondary electron case shows that the information capacity C (bits/pixel) of the SEM signal channel could be written as :

Image Acquisition Using Non-Pixeled Amorphous Silicon Based Sensors

2001 ◽  
Vol 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fernandes ◽  
Yu. Vygranenko ◽  
J. Martins ◽  
M. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Scanning Beam ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Silicon Based

AbstractWe suggest to enhance the performance of image acquisition systems based on large area amorphous silicon based sensors by optimizing the readout parameters such as the intensity and cross-section of scanner beam, acquisition time and bias conditions. The main output device characteristics as image responsivity, signal to noise ratio and spatial resolution were analyzed in open circuit, short circuit and photodiode modes. The result show that the highest signal to noise ratio and best dark to bright ratio can be achieved in short circuit mode.It was shown that the sensor resolution is related to the basic device parameters and, in practice, limited by the acquisition time and scanning beam properties. The scanning beam spot size limits the resolution due to the overlapping of dark and illuminated zones leading to a blurring effect on the final image and a consequent degradation in the resolution.

k-Space filtering in 2D gradient-echo breath-hold hyperpolarized3He MRI: Spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio considerations

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim M. Wild ◽  
Martyn N.J. Paley ◽  
Magalie Viallon ◽  
Wolfgang G. Schreiber ◽  
Edwin J.R. van Beek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Gradient Echo ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Noise Ratio

Optimization of signal-to-noise ratio in calculatedT1 images derived from two spin-echo images

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Prato ◽  
D. J. Drost ◽  
T. Keys ◽  
P. Laxon ◽  
B. Comissiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Noise Ratio

scholarly journals Applications of Continuous Wave Free Precession Sequences in Low-Field, Time-Domain NMR

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Bueno Moraes ◽  
Tatiana Monaretto ◽  
Luiz Colnago
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Flip Angle ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Free Precession ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Noise Ratio

This review discusses the theory and applications of the Continuous Wave Free Precession (CWFP) sequence in low-field, time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR). CWFP is a special case of the Steady State Free Precession (SSFP) regime that is obtained when a train of radiofrequency pulses, separated by a time interval Tp shorter than the effective transverse relaxation time (T2*), is applied to a sample. Unlike regular pulsed experiments, in the CWFP regime, the amplitude is not dependent on T1. Therefore, Tp should be as short as possible (limited by hardware). For Tp < 0.5 ms, thousands of scans can be performed per second, and the signal to noise ratio can be enhanced by more than one order of magnitude. The amplitude of the CWFP signal is dependent on T1/T2; therefore, it can be used in quantitative analyses for samples with a similar relaxation ratio. The time constant to reach the CWFP regime (T*) is also dependent on relaxation times and flip angle (θ). Therefore, T* has been used as a single shot experiment to measure T1 using a low flip angle (5°) or T2, using θ = 180°. For measuring T1 and T2 simultaneously in a single experiment, it is necessary to use θ = 90°, the values of T* and M0, and the magnitude of CWFP signal |Mss|. Therefore, CWFP is an important sequence for TD-NMR, being an alternative to the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence, which depends only on T2. The use of CWFP for the improvement of the signal to noise ratio in quantitative and qualitative analyses and in relaxation measurements are presented and discussed.

Super-resolution methods in MRI: Can they improve the trade-off between resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and acquisition time?

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1983-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esben Plenge ◽  
Dirk H. J. Poot ◽  
Monique Bernsen ◽  
Gyula Kotek ◽  
Gavin Houston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Noise Ratio
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