scholarly journals Sequential Changes in Erythrocyte Volume Distribution and Microcytosis Associated with Iron Deficiency in Kittens

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Weiser ◽  
G. J. Kociba
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Erythrocyte Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Adult Cats

Hemograms, erythrocyte volume distribution curves, serum iron and percent transferrin saturation determinations were done on samples from 50 kittens to characterize feline erythrocytic responses between one and ten weeks of age. At one week of age, all kittens had marked macrocytosis and anisocytosis. Most of the macrocytic cells no longer were present by five weeks. Macrocytes were replaced by erythrocytes of normal volume in 30% of the kittens. At five weeks of age, 70%of the kittens had produced microcytic cells which correlated with significantly lower packed cell volume values (p < 0.02) and mean corpuscular volume values (p < 0.001). By seven weeks of age, kittens with microcytosis were producing normocytic erythrocytes. Between two and four weeks of age, kittens with microcytosis had significantly lower serum iron and percent transferrin saturation values (p < 0.01) compared to kittens without microcytosis. Between five and seven weeks of age, all kittens had very high iron values which were significantly greater than those of healthy adult cats (p < 0.01). Six kittens with low iron values received an iron dextran injection at two to three weeks of age. At five weeks, these kittens had significantly greater mean corpuscular volumes, packed cell volumes (p < 0.01) and lower percentage of microcytic cells (p < 0.001) than littermate controls. These data demonstrate that transient microcytosis and anemia observed in kittens is attributable to iron deficiency. It also was demonstrated that erythrocyte volume distribution curves were more sensitive than the mean corpuscular volume in detecting microcytosis in kittens.

Iron Deficiency Anemia Following Prenatal Nutrition Interventions

2007 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-225
Author(s):  
Caroline P. Leblanc ◽  
France M. Rioux
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Purpose: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy and infancy is still common in developed countries, especially in low-income groups. We examined the prevalence of anemia and IDA in healthy low-income pregnant women participating in the Early Childhood Initiatives (ECI) program, and in their infants when they reached six months of age. Methods: Pregnant women were recruited by nutritionists. In mothers, hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume, and serum ferritin (SF) were measured at 36 ± 2 weeks of gestation. In infants, Hb, mean corpuscular volume, SF, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation (TS) were measured at six months of age. Thirty-one mother-infant pairs participated. Results: Among the 31 pregnant women participating in the ECI program, six (19.4%) were anemic (Hb <110 g/L) and five (16.1%) suffered from IDA (Hb <110 g/L and SF <10 µg/L). Among infants, seven of 23 (30.4%) were anemic (Hb <110 g/L) and five of 23 (21.7%) suffered from IDA (Hb <110 g/L plus two of the following: TIBC >60 µmol/L, SF <10 µg/L, serum iron <5.3 µmol/L, TS ≤15%). Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia in this group of lowincome pregnant women is comparable to that in privileged women. The prevalence of IDA in infants is comparable to that observed in other high-risk groups. Effective strategies are needed to prevent IDA in vulnerable groups.

Erythrocyte Volume Distribution Analysis and Hematologic Changes in Dogs with Iron Deficiency Anemia

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Weiser ◽  
M. O'Grady
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Erythrocyte Volume

Hematologic features were characterized in 12 dogs with iron deficiency anemia attributable to chronic external blood loss. Consistent abnormalities in hemograms included moderate to marked reticulocytosis, decreased mean corpuscular volume, and decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Hypoproteinemia occurred in only four of 12 dogs. Consistent blood film findings included hypochromic cells, leptocytosis, and erythrocyte fragmentation. These dogs had significantly decreased serum iron values (p < 0.001) and percent transferrin saturation values (p < 0.001) compared with 33 clinically healthy adult dogs. The total iron binding capacity values of these dogs were not significantly different (p > 0.5) than those of the healthy dogs. Using erythrocyte volume distribution curves, the percentages of microcytic cells (≤ 45 fl) were determined to range from 20% to 82%. Sequential changes in erythrocyte subpopulations were evaluated in four dogs which received iron therapy. The hematologic response consisted of fairly rapid restoration of packed cell volume by production of normocytes followed by a more gradual replacement of residual microcytes by new normocytes.

scholarly journals Management of iron deficiency anemia in hemodialysis patients based on mean corpuscular volume

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumiko Onda ◽  
Teruo Koyama ◽  
Sanae Kobayashi ◽  
Yoji Ishii ◽  
Kazuo Ohashi
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Current Standard

Abstract Background To manage the anemic status in hemodialysis (HD) patients, a well-balanced combination therapy based on the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and iron supplementation is essential. Serum ferritin level and transferrin saturation rate (TSAT) are the current standard tests for screening iron deficiency status. However, these are not included in frequently checked regular blood measurements in many HD centers. Other parameters that could predict a hemoglobin (Hb) increase response from iron supplementation have yet to be established. To determine a frequently checked and regularly measured biomarker for predicting iron deficiency status, this study investigated the value of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) as a clinical parameter for HD patients receiving intravenous iron supplementation (Fe-IV) therapy. Methods and results One hundred thirty four HD patients, 88 non-HD patients with anemia, and 50 HD patients on Fe-IV therapy from the Nozatomon clinic were assessed. Comparison of MCV values of anemic HD patients and anemic non-chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients showed that anemic HD patients had significantly higher MCV values (93.9 ± 7.3 fL) compared with anemic non-CKD patients (82.8 ± 8.8fL). Fifty HD patients, who received Fe-IV therapy at ten consecutive HD sessions (inclusion criteria: Hb ≤ 12.0 g/dL, TSAT < 20%, and serum ferritin < 100 ng/mL) showed a rapid increase during the Fe-IV period in MCV, Hb, and TSAT levels. After the completion of the Fe-IV therapy, MCV persisted at the increased levels, whereas Hb levels further increased and peaked at 1 month with a gradual decline after, largely influenced by ESA dosage reductions. The 50 patients were divided into three groups according to the MCV levels obtained immediately prior to the Fe-IV therapy (MCV ≤ 85 fL, 85 fL < MCV ≤ 90 fL, MCV > 90 fL), and Hb changes at 50 days after the initiation of the Fe-IV therapy were compared. All the patients in the MCV ≤ 85 fL group and most of the patients in the 85 fL < MCV ≤ 90 fL group showed linear and consistent Hb increase during the 50-day period. In marked contrast, patients in the MCV > 90 fL group showed dispersed trends in their Hb increase. The present study also revealed that successful ESA dosage reduction could be achieved after the Fe-IV therapy in both the MCV ≤ 85 fL and 85 fL < MCV ≤ 90 fL groups. Conclusions The present study underscored the value of MCV in perceiving iron deficiency status as well as predicting iron-based therapeutic response in HD patients.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte Macrocytosis in Feline Leukemia Virus Associated Anemia

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Weiser ◽  
G. J. Kociba
Keyword(s):  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Feline Leukemia Virus ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Face ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
Adult Cats

Using erythrocyte volume distribution histograms (erythrograms), erythrocyte macrocytosis and anisocytosis were quantitated in 139 cats tested for feline leukemia virus group-specific antigen. Feline leukemia virus-negative cats with non-regenerative anemia or normal packed cell volumes had normal mean corpuscular volume values. Uninfected cats with regenerative anemia had prominent, significantly increased macrocytosis and anisocytosis (p < 0.01). Ninety percent of 62 feline leukemia virus-positive cats had altered erythrograms. Thirty-three feline leukemia virus-positive cats with non-regenerative anemia had marked macrocytosis. Their mean corpuscular volume values (mean 60 fl ± 2 fl standard error, reference range of 37-49 fl) were significantly greater than those of feline leukemia virus-negative cats except for those with regenerative anemia. Feline leukemia virus-positive, non-anemic cats had significantly increased mean corpuscular volume values of intermediate magnitude. Nine adult cats experimentally infected with feline leukemia virus developed non-regenerative anemia with significant increases in mean corpuscular volume and anisocytosis. However, the macrocytosis observed in these cats was considerably less than in naturally occurring feline leukemia virus-positive cats with non-regenerative anemia. These observations indicate there are events in the pathogenesis of feline leukemia virus-associated anemia other than simple erythroid hypoplasia. We suggest that hemolysis and erythrocyte regeneration occur before erythroid hypoplasia and may partially account for macrocytosis observed in the face of non-regenerative anemia.

Too Much of a Good Thing? Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis Due to Excessive Milk Intake Associated Anemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 585-590
Author(s):  
Raquel Farias-Moeller ◽  
Sara Siddiqui ◽  
Megan Orr ◽  
Lileth Mondok
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis ◽  
Sinovenous Thrombosis

Introduction: In young children, excessive cow’s milk intake causes iron-deficiency anemia, which is associated with hypercoagulable states. We present a case series of 4 toddlers with excessive milk intake iron-deficiency anemia and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 4 patients was performed for patients with cerebral sinovenous thrombosis and iron-deficiency anemia secondary to excessive milk intake. Iron-deficiency anemia was defined as hemoglobin <11 mg/dL, mean corpuscular volume <70 fL, and serum ferritin <12 μg/L. Excessive milk intake was defined as consumption of >24 oz daily. Clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features were reviewed. Results: Age ranged from 12 to 24 months. Average hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and ferritin levels were 6.1 g/dL, 22.7 g/dL, 52.7 fL, and 3.2 ng/mL, respectively. Daily milk consumption ranged from 40 to 60 oz. All patients presented with focal neurologic deficits, including seizures in 3. The location of cerebral sinovenous thrombosis varied, and 3 patients had venous infarcts, one of them hemorrhagic. All patients had a limited diet and were described as “picky eaters” by their parents, and only 1 had transitioned of a bottle. All patients were treated with anticoagulation, iron supplementation, and extensive dietary counseling to reduce cow’s milk intake. Conclusion: Iron-deficiency anemia due to excessive milk intake is an important and preventable etiology of pediatric cerebral sinovenous thrombosis. Focused anticipatory guidance is necessary for at-risk groups to prevent this neurologic emergency.

Fluid and electrolyte shifts in women during +Gz acceleration after 15 days' bed rest

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Greenleaf ◽  
H. O. Stinnett ◽  
G. L. Davis ◽  
J. Kollias ◽  
E. M. Bernauer
Keyword(s):  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
The Third ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electrolyte Loss ◽  
Reduced Activity

Twelve women (23–34 yr), comprising a bed-rest (BR) group of eight subjects and an ambulatory (AMB) group of four subjects, were centrifuged after 14 days of ambulatory control (C),after 15 days of a 17-day BR period, and on the third day of recovery (R). Venous blood was taken before and after the third +3.0 G acceleration run (1.8 G/min). Relative to (C), the +Gz tolerance after BR was reduced -49.0% (P less than 0.05) in the BR group and -38.7% (NS) in the AMB group; during (R) the BR group regained up to 89.4% and the AMB group up to 87.1% of their (C) tolerances. In each of the three test periods, the shifts in plasma Na, Cl, PO4, and osmotic contents, which accompanied +Gz, followed the outward shift of plasma volume (PV). The correlation of the shift of PV during acceleration with the +Gz tolerance was 0.72 (P less than 0.01). During acceleration, the PV and electrolyte loss for both groups after BR was about half the loss of (C) and (R). Compared with (C) and (R) values, potassium shifts were variable but the mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular Hb contents and concentrations were unchanged during all +Gz runs; The results indicate that: 1) the higher the (C) + Gz tolerance, the greater the tolerance decline due to BR; 2) relative confinement and reduced activity contribute as much to the reduction in tolerance as does the horizontal body position during BR; 3) bed-rest deconditioning has no effect on the erythrocyte volume during +3.0 Gz; and 4) about one-half the loss in tolerance after BR can be attributed to PV and electrolyte shifts.

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