Anemia among Pregnant Women at Nepalgunj Medical College

Introduction: Anemia in pregnancy is major health issue of developing countries responsible for adverse maternal and fetal outcome. According to World health organization pregnant women with hemoglobin level less than 11 gm/dl in first trimester and less than 10.5gm/dl in second and third trimester are considered to be anemic. Iron deficiency anemia is common during pregnancy followed by megaloblastic anemia. Aims: To find out the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy. To correlate the maternal and fetal complications associated with anemia during pregnancy. Methods: This is a prospective hospital based study done at department of obstetrics and gynecology Nepalgunj Medical College from July 2020 to January 2021. All pregnant women with hemoglobin level <11 gm/dl were enrolled in the study. Data were collected from antenatal clinic and biochemistry laboratory. Results: In this study maximum participants were of age group 20-25 consisting of 38.5%. Anemia was more common in multiparous i.e. 60% as compared to primipara i.e. 40%. In this study maximum participant had vaginal delivery (57%) followed by LSCS (29%) then instrumental delivery (14%). These ladies had complications like postpartum hemorrhage (27.7%), preterm labor (16.9%), pregnancy induced hypertension (9.2%). similarly 10.8% had sepsis and 20% had no complications. About 23.1% babies delivered by anemic ladies required neonatal intensive care. Intrauterine growth restriction was seen in 12.3%, preterm birth in 10.3% and 53.8% babies had no complications. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy is high leading to adverse maternal and fetal outcome.

Health Education Mentoring on Sadar Seimbang Nutrisi (SSN) and The Dangers of Anemia through Student Empowerment Movements with Examination of Hematology (Hemoglobin Hematocrit) in Vocational High School and Junior High School AsSyarief Garut for Mountainous Area Community

Anemia in adolescent girls still shows a high prevalence rate. The prevalence of anemia in Indonesia at the age of 5-14 is 26.4%, 18.4% of patients aged 15-24 years, and women have a high risk of anemia, especially in adolescent girls. Adolescent girls with anemia will have changed the menstrual cycle. The importance of learning adolescent nutritional status will be strategic planning for decreased nutritional macro and micro deficiencies in women. This community dedication aimed to present information about the risk of anemia through student empowerment and hematological examination (hemoglobin-hematocrit). A piece of good and proper knowledge about balanced Nutrition is an essential point of anemia prevention in adolescents.

Anemia and nutritional aspects in adolescent athletes: a cross-sectional study in a reference sport organization

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the association between anemia and nutritional aspects in adolescent athletes from a large sport club. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, involving 298 athletes aged between 10 and 17 years, submitted to measurement of skin folds, weight and height, and collection of capillary blood in duplicate to determine hemoglobin values. It was carried out in a random sample composed of athletes from eight sport modalities. Results: Regarding nutritional status, 10.1% of athletes were overweight based on body mass index and 70 (23.5%) athletes had a percentage of body fat classified as high or very high. The prevalence of anemia was 16.4%, being more prevalent in judo (37.1%), basketball (34%) and futsal (20.5%) athletes. Low hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with shorter stature (p=0.006). Conclusions: There was a significant association between anemia and short stature, suggesting that the athlete's height-weight development may be affected in suboptimal conditions of oxygen distribution.

Prevalence of Anemia and Morphological Variation in RBC among COPD Patients admitted at a Tertiary Health Care Center, Kathmandu, Nepal

Many studies have depicted that anemia is one of the most common co-morbidity among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients. Therefore, its correction in those patients is an important aspect of the treatment protocol. Our study was designed to explore the prevalence of anemia and morphological alteration, if any, in RBC among COPD patients. The study was conducted from November 2020 to June 2021 among the COPD patients admitted in the Medical ward of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital. If hemoglobin level was <13gm/dl in males and <12gm/dl in females and/or hematocrit level was <39%, the patient was considered anemic. Anemia was morphologically classified following standardized procedure with RBC indices as a reference. Among the COPD patients (n=101), 40 (39.6%) were anemic, out of which 21(52.5%) was normocytic normochromic, 10 (25%) were microcytic hypochromic, 5 (12.5%) were normocytic hypochromic, 3 (7.5%) were microcytic normochromic and (2.5%) was macrocytic hyperchromic. Anisocytosis was commonly noted (25.7%) among the COPD patients with microcytosis (20.8%) and macrocytosis (4.9%) among them. Among the patients, 23.8% showed hypochromia while only 0.9% showed hyperchromia. Polycythemia was present in 24 (23.8%) of them. Inflammatory mediators and cytokines in COPD causes a compromised response of marrow cells to erythropoietin and shortens the survival of red blood cells.

Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Pregnant Women in Zawia, Libya

Background: anemia is the most nutritional disorders affecting pregnant women particularly iron deficiency anemia IDA.IDA threatened the mother islife and considered as an established risk factor for intrauterine growth retardation, leading on too poor neonatal health and perinatal death. Objective: the aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of IDA in Zawia city according to their hemoglobin level, age, and education. Methods and materials: the study was carried out in different centers in Zawia city, it was comprised 82 pregnant women aged 19-42 years, at various stage of pregnancy, out of 82 women 54 fulfilled the criteria, pregnant women who weren’t have known about their hemoglobin, they were excluded. The data collected by using of a questioner including 30 questions were asked to participants face to face. Data analysis: after the date is collected it classified and analyzed to determine the percentage of pregnant women suffering from iron deficiency anemia. The data analyzed by using of Microsoft excel (2013). Results: the prevalence of anemia in the present study was 85.18%, This prevalence was almost consistent with studies conducted in ZAWIA city over the last years, from the current study it is evidence that pregnant women had poor knowledge regarding main risk of IDA as well as poor practices for IDA prevention.

Enormity of iron deficiency anaemia and haematological indices in Primary and secondary school going children in central rural Gujarat, India

Anemia is one of the associated and underlying health conditions observed in large number of school going children of rural India. National Family Health Survey (NHFS) data published by Government of Indiaindicates increased prevalence ofanaemia in children of rural India. In the present study, children of government school of the Waghodia tehsil, Vadodara district Gujarat were surveyed. A cross sectional study was conducted to survey 500 children of either genderaccording to WHO gradation as normal range (12.6 ± 0.54 gm/dl); mild anemia (11.01 ± 0.58gm/dl) and moderate anemia(9.11 ± 0.3gm/dl).Observations indicated that, 20.6%, 74.8% and 4.6%children were in normal or above normal range, mild anemia and moderate anemia respectively. Overall79.4% of children have anemia. It reveals the escalating magnitude of prevalence of IDA in rural Gujarat. Prevalence is more in 9-11 age group (56%). Gender wise distribution shows mild and moderate anemia in 305 (80.9%) and 14 (3.7%) respectively amongst 377 male children; whereas mild anemia and moderate anemia in 305 (80.9%) and 14 (3.7%) respectively amongst 123 female children. In nutshell, prevalence of anemia is prominent in children of age group in different rural parts of Gujarat.

Ferrodeficiency and pregnancy: what to do and when to begin?

In September 2021, an online webinar took place on the most common nutritional deficiency in the world – iron deficiency. According to the WHO recommendations, women should definitely receive iron and folic acid, starting with the stage of pregravid preparation, during pregnancy and lactation. Other trace elements and vitamins during pregnancy must be substantiated by evidence of their deficiency. WHO recommendations (2017) for antenatal care indicate that daily oral iron supplementation 30–60 mg and folic acid 400 µg in pregnant women can reduce the incidence of postpartum sepsis, preterm birth and low birth weight. Daily iron supplementation 60 mg should be preferred in regions where the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women ≥ 40%. In the first and third trimesters anemia is diagnosed by Hb level < 110 g/l, in the second trimester by Hb level < 105 g/l. If anemia is detected the iron dose is doubled until Hb reaches ≥ 110 g/l, after which the prophylactic dose is resumed. Iron supplements 120 mg once a week and folic acid 2800 µg once a week are recommended if daily intake of iron supplements is not possible due to side effects, and the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women does not exceed 20%.Modern Lipofer® technology in the development of liposomal iron delivery (when iron transported by liposomes) solved the problem of low bioavailability and poor tolerance, which is inherent in most ferrum drugs. As a result, iron trapped in liposomes (liposomal iron) does not come into contact with the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, but binds to chylomicrons, which enter the blood through the lymph, where iron is freed from the liposome. This way of absorption reduces iron loss, allows using of smaller doses and helps to avoid side effects.

Features of acute decompensation of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with anemia and latent iron deficiency

Objective: to assess the contribution of anemia and latent iron deficiency (LID) to the formation of acute decompensation of chronic heart failure (ADHF) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 in history.Materials and methods: a one‑time screening clinical non‑randomized study was conducted. 98 patients with ADHF were examined according to the criteria for inclusion and non‑inclusion, among which 47 (48%) patients suffered from type 2 DM. Among patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism, 14 (29.8%) patients had an anemic syndrome verified.Results: the prevalence of anemia among hospitalized patients with ADHF against the background of type 2 DM was 29.8%, LID without anemia – 51.5%. Anemic syndrome in patients with ADHF and type 2 DM was represented by iron deficiency anemia in 85.7% and anemia of chronic conditions in 14.3% of cases. In 2/3 of the patients, anemia corresponded to moderate severity. The relative risk (RR) of the development of ADHF against the background of type 2 DM and anemia increases by 2.4 times, in the presence of LID – by 2.9 times. The presence of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction in history, atrial fibrillation with a heart rate of more than 110 beats per minute, renal dysfunction, high activity of nonspecific inflammation were risk factors for the formation of ADHF in patients with type 2 DM and anemia. The presence of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with anemia increased the RR of the development of ADHF by 1.8 times, the presence of chronic kidney disease – by 1.7 times, with an increase in the excretion of albumin/protein in the urine >30 mg/g – by 5.7 times, with tubular dysfunction – by 2.4 times, with an increase in aortic stiffness – by 3.5 times.Conclusion: the prevalence of anemia and LID among patients with ADHF and type 2 DM is high. These conditions were risk factors for the development of ADHF and its progression. ADHF in patients with type 2 DM against the background of anemia and LID was characterized by a more severe course, a more pronounced lesion of the target organs.

A study on prevalence of anemia among antenatal females registered at rural health training centre, Budhi in district Kathua

Background: Anemia has been recognized as the most common form of nutritional deficiency worldwide, particularly in developing countries like India. Anemia is a public health problem in both developed and developing countries. It affects 1.62 billion people globally, which corresponds to 24.8% of the world population. Though anemia is easily treatable and preventable disease, it continues to be significantly associated with pregnancy. The aims of the study were to determine the magnitude of anemia in pregnant women according to severity and to find out association of anemia with different variables.Methods: The present study was a retrospective type of study which was conducted over a period of 2 years. A total of 109 antenatal females were registered over the period of 2 years.Results: The most common age group seen was 26-30 years (45%), majority of females were Hindu (95.4%) and belonged to lower socio-economic status (52.3%). The obstetrics history of the antenatal females’ shows, majority of them registered themselves in their 1st trimester (73.4%) and around 22.1% of the females had birth interval between 2-3 years, followed by 1-2 years. Majority of them had moderate anemia (82%), followed by mild anemia (10%). Only 1% of females had severe anemia while rest had no anemia (7%).Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of anemia in antenatal females, irrespective of religion, socio-economic status, etc. anemia is found to be endemic in this region, due to various unfavorable socio-demographic factors. Strengthening of the existing adolescent and maternal health interventions focusing towards anemia screening and prevention among reproductive age group.