Verifying Validity of the Household Dietary Diversity Score

Abstract Background: Food insecurity remains a major challenge to smallholder farmers in the face of changing climate in the Upper Blue Nile Highlands of Ethiopia. To improve food and nutrition security of climate change vulnerable smallholder farmers in eastern Ethiopia, several climate-smart agriculture (CSA) innovations have been adopted and scaled-up. However, the impact of these innovations on household food and nutritional security was not systematically studied. This study examined the impact of selected CSA technologies on household food and nutrition security. Cross-sectional data were generated from 424 randomly selected rural smallholder agriculture households in the five selected agroecosystems of the Upper Blue Nile Highlands of Ethiopia. The study employed propensity score matching and endogenous switching regression estimation models. Results: Households that practiced crop residue management had an 8.46 higher Food Consumption Score (FCS) and a 0.4 higher Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) than non-adopters. Similarly, households who adopted compost and agroforestry had a 0.462 and 0.446 higher Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) than non-adopters, respectively. The endogenous switching regression analysis result showed that households that practiced crop residue management had an 22.6 higher Food Consumption Score (FCS) and a 2.2 higher Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) than non-adopters. Similarly, households who adopted physical SWC had a 2.3 higher Food Consumption Score (FCS) than non-adopters. Whereas, compost and agroforestry had a 0.28 and 2.12 higher Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) than non-adopters, respectively. Conclusions: This shows that households adopting CSA innovations are more likely to have higher food security compared to non-adopters. This suggests that promotion and scale-up of CSA innovations in the study area can enhance household food and nutrition security.

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Assessment of food security among households in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

International Journal of Social Economics ◽

10.1108/ijse-07-2016-0187 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 2-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ebenezer Toyin Megbowon ◽

Abbyssinia Mushunje

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Food Security ◽

Poisson Regression ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Eastern Cape Province ◽

Eastern Cape ◽

Food Groups ◽

Content Type ◽

Dietary Diversity Score ◽

Household Dietary Diversity

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze food security status and its determinants among households in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on the General Household Survey which was conducted in 2014 where 3,033 households were sampled from the province. Specifically, this study examines the determinants of food security proxy by dietary diversity (24-hour recall) using descriptive statistics, Poisson regression. A frequency count of food groups consumed household dietary diversity score was used as the explained variable. Findings The descriptive analysis shows that, although 61.7 percent of households in the study area have a high dietary diversity score, however, food group giving micronutrients are less consumed as food groups having cereals (maize), beef, sugar and oil was mostly consumed. Results on the marginal effect of Poisson regression indicate that household head characteristics (age, gender, education, marital status, and employment status), pension receiving households and geographical location significantly influence household dietary diversity. Originality/value This study advocates for the intensification of rural development and food security programs, formal and informal education for household heads, female empowerment and dietary enlightenment for households in order to promote the consumption of diverse diets and more healthful food groups.

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The Effect of Productive Safety Net Programme on Household Food Consumption and Dietary Diversity in Ethiopia

10.20944/preprints202110.0172.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mebratu Feyisa

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Instrumental Variable ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Household Head ◽

Safety Net ◽

Household Food ◽

Education Status ◽

Household Food Consumption ◽

Household Dietary Diversity ◽

Household Dietary Diversity Score

This study empirically investigates the effect of productive safety net programme (PSNP) on household food consumption and dietary diversity in Ethiopia. The study applied random effects with instrumental variable to estimate the effect of PSNP membership. The result of the study indicates that though PSNP membership improves household food consumption, it reduces household dietary diversity score. Household food consumption and dietary diversity are also significantly influenced by sex, age, education status of household head, household size, livestock ownership, distance to the nearest market and participation in non-farm activities. The findings of this study suggest that PSNP membership should be reinforced by building household awareness of the benefits of consuming a variety of foods. In addition, PSNP membership should be designed to endow the households to accumulate essential assets, especially livestock.

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Predictors of Dietary Diversity of Indigenous Food-Producing Households in Rural Fiji

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11071629 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1629 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lydia O’Meara ◽

Susan L. Williams ◽

David Hickes ◽

Philip Brown

Keyword(s):

Pacific Islands ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Refined Grains ◽

Health Initiatives ◽

Household Dietary Diversity ◽

Household Dietary Diversity Score ◽

Public Health Initiatives ◽

Traditional Diets

Fiji, like other Pacific Islands, are undergoing economic and nutrition transitions that increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) due to changes of the food supply and dietary intake. This study aimed to examine dietary diversity (DD) in indigenous food-producing households in rural Fiji. Surveys were conducted with households from the Nadroga-Navosa, Namosi and Ba Provinces of Western Fiji in August 2018. Participants reported on foods consumed in the previous 24 h per the Household Dietary Diversity Score. Data was analysed using multinomial logistic regression. Of the 161 households, most exhibited medium DD (66%; M = 7.8 ± 1.5). Commonly consumed foods included sweets (98%), refined grains (97%) and roots/tubers (94%). The least consumed foods were orange-fleshed fruits (23%) and vegetables (35%), eggs (25%), legumes (32%) and dairy (32%). Households with medium DD were more likely to be unemployed (OR 3.2, p = 0.017) but less likely to have ≥6 occupants (OR = 0.4, p = 0.024) or purchase food ≥2 times/week (OR = 0.2, p = 0.023). Households with low DD were more likely to have low farm diversity (OR = 5.1, p = 0.017) or be unemployed (OR = 3.7, p = 0.047) but less likely to have ≥6 occupants (OR = 0.1, p = 0.001). During nutrition transitions, there is a need for public health initiatives to promote traditional diets high in vegetables, fruits and lean protein and agricultural initiatives to promote farm diversity.

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The interplay between food market access and farm household dietary diversity in low and middle income countries: A systematic review of literature

Global Food Security ◽

10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100484 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 100484

Author(s):

Ravi Nandi ◽

S. Nedumaran ◽

P. Ravula

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Market Access ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Farm Household ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Food Market ◽

Household Dietary Diversity ◽

Low And Middle Income

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Identifying Targets for the Prevention of Childhood Undernutrition in a Resource-Limited Peri-Urban Ecuadorian Community

Food and Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0379572120982500 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 037957212098250

Author(s):

Suzanna L. Attia ◽

Wolf-Peter Schmidt ◽

Janeth Ceballos Osorio ◽

Thomas Young ◽

Aric Schadler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Blood Count ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

White Blood Count ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Vitamin Deficiencies ◽

Dietary Diversity Score

Background: In middle-income countries, malnutrition concentrates in marginalized populations with a lack of effective preventive strategies. Objective: Identify risk factors for undernutrition in a peri-urban Ecuadorian community of children aged 12 to 59 months. Methods: Data from a cross-sectional survey in 2011 of children 1 to 5 years were analyzed including demographic data, medical history and examination, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), anthropometric measurements, and blood for complete blood count, C-reactive protein, vitamin A, iron, and zinc levels. Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was calculated from FFQ. Bivariate and multivariate analysis assessed effects on primary outcome of undernutrition by DDS, vitamin deficiencies, and demographic and nutritional data. Results: N = 67, 52.2% undernourished: 49.3% stunted, 25.4% underweight, and 3% wasted; 74.6% (n = 50) were anemic and 95.1% (n = 39) had low serum zinc. Dietary Diversity Score was universally low (mean 4.91 ± 1.36, max 12). Undernutrition was associated with lower vitamin A levels (20 306, IQR: 16605.25-23973.75 vs 23665, IQR: 19292-26474 ng/mL, P = .04); underweight was associated with less parental report of illness (43.8%, n = 7 vs 80% n = 40, P = .005) and higher white blood count (13.7, IQR: 11.95-15.8 vs 10.9, IQR: 7.8-14.23 × 109/L, P = .02). In multiple regression, risk of undernutrition decreased by 4% for every $10 monthly income increase (95 CI%: 0.5%-7.4%, P = .02, n = 23); risk of underweight decreased by 0.06 for every increased DDS point (adjusted odds ratio: 0.06; 95 CI%: 0.004-0.91, P = .04, n = 23). Conclusions: In this peri-urban limited resource, mostly Indigenous Ecuadorian community, stunting exceeds national prevalence, lower monthly income is the strongest predictor of undernutrition, lower DDS can predict some forms of undernutrition, and vitamin deficiencies are associated with but not predictive of undernutrition.

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