Beaumont's Contribution to Gastric Psychophysiology: A Reappraisal

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 650-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
François M. Mai
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Bile Reflux ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Gastric Fistula ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Digestive Process ◽  
Psychophysiological Research ◽  
Series Of Experiments

William Beaumont's monograph on the physiology of digestion which was first published in 1833, has become a classic in its field. In a series of experiments over a 10 year period on Alexis St. Martin, a 19 year old Canadian voyageur with a traumatic gastric fistula, Beaumont was the first to describe many important aspects of the digestive process. In two of the 238 experiments Beaumont noted gastric physiological changes induced by emotional arousal, these being bile reflux and delayed gastric emptying. Elsewhere in the book, but not in experimental context, Beaumont referred to non-specific changes in coloration and secretion of the mucous membrane induced by emotion. Modern gastric psychophysiological research has shown that emotional arousal increases, and withdrawal decreases, gastric acid secretion. It has also been shown conclusively that emotion can cause a reflux of bile into the stomach and it may delay gastric emptying. Although the main thrust of Beaumont's work was physiological, he must be credited with being the first investigator to draw attention to the role of emotional arousal in the digestive process.

scholarly journals Mechanistic role of antioxidants in rescuing delayed gastric emptying in high fat diet induced diabetic female mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 111370
Author(s):  
Chethan Sampath ◽  
Derek Wilus ◽  
Mohammad Tabatabai ◽  
Michael L. Freeman ◽  
Pandu R. Gangula
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Female Mice

Delayed gastric emptying in gastroesophageal reflux disease: the role of malrotation

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savaş Demirbilek ◽  
Abdurrahman Karaman ◽  
Kubilay Gürünlüoğlu ◽  
Melih Akın ◽  
Erkan Taş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying

Symptoms in functional dyspepsia: Role of H. pylori infection and delayed gastric emptying

1998 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. A821
Author(s):  
F. Perri ◽  
R. Clemente ◽  
V. Festa ◽  
M. Quitadamo ◽  
V. Annese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Functional Dyspepsia ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
H Pylori

scholarly journals Quantification of gastric emptying caused by impaired coordination of pyloric closure with antral contraction: a simulation study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (157) ◽  
pp. 20190266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunichi Ishida ◽  
Taimei Miyagawa ◽  
Gregory O'Grady ◽  
Leo K. Cheng ◽  
Yohsuke Imai
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Bile Reflux ◽  
Retrograde Flow ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Proximal Stomach ◽  
Relaxation Phase ◽  
Peristaltic Contractions

Proper coordination of gastric motor functions is required for healthy gastric emptying. However, pyloric function may be impaired by functional disorders or surgical procedures. Here, we show how coordination between pyloric closure and antral contraction affects the emptying of liquid contents. We numerically simulated fluid dynamics using an anatomically realistic gastrointestinal geometry. Peristaltic contractions in the proximal stomach resulted in gastric emptying at a rate of 3–8 ml min −1 . When the pylorus was unable to close, the emptying rate increased to 10–30 ml min −1 , and instantaneous retrograde flow from the duodenum to the antrum occurred during antral relaxation. Rapid emptying occurred if the pylorus began to open during the terminal antral contraction, and the emptying rate was negative if the pylorus only opened during the antral relaxation phase. Our results showed that impaired coordination between antral contraction and pyloric closure can result in delayed gastric emptying, rapid gastric emptying and bile reflux.

scholarly journals P-P03 Impact of routine nasogastric decompression versus no nasogastric decompression after pancreatoduodenectomy on perioperative outcomes: A meta-analysis of available evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Ammar ◽  
Chris Varghese ◽  
Thejasvin K ◽  
Viswakumar Prabakaran ◽  
Stuart Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Perioperative Outcomes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nasogastric Decompression

Abstract Background This meta-analysis reviewed the current evidence on the impact of routine Nasogastric decompression (NGD) versus no NGD after pancreatoduodenectomy on perioperative outcomes.  Methods PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched for studies reporting the role of nasogastric tube decompression after pancreatoduodenectomy on perioperative outcomes were retrieved and analysed up to January 2021.  Results Eight studies with total of 1301 patients were enrolled of which 668 patients had routine NGD. Routine NGD was associated with a higher incidence of overall delayed gastric emptying (DGE) and clinically relevant DGE (OR = 2.51, 95% CI; 1.12 - 5.63, I2= 83%, P = 0.03, and OR = 3.64, 95% CI: 1.83 – 7.25, I2 = 54%, P < 0.01, respectively). Routine NGD was also associated with a higher rate of Clavien-Dindo ≥ 2 complications (OR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.05 – 9.28, I2 = 88%, P = 0.04), and increased length of hospital stay (MD = 2.67, 95% CI: 0.60 – 4.75, I2 = 97%, P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in overall complications (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.79 – 1.46, I2 0%, P = 0.66), or postoperative pancreatic fistula (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.86 – 1.72, I2 = 0%, P = 0.28) between the two groups. Conclusions Routine NGD may be associated with increased rates of DGE, major complications and longer length of stay after pancreatoduodenectomy. 

Inhibition of gastric emptying in response to intestinal lipid is dependent on chylomicron formation

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. R1834-R1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen E. Raybould ◽  
James H. Meyer ◽  
Yuri Tabrizi ◽  
Rodger A. Liddle ◽  
Patrick Tso
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Gastric Fistula ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Dose Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Vagal Afferent ◽  
Chylomicron Formation

Lipid in the intestine initiates feedback inhibition of proximal gastrointestinal function and food intake. In rats and humans, inhibition of gastric emptying is mediated, at least in part, by cholecystokinin (CCK)-A receptors, and in rats there is evidence for involvement of an intestinal vagal afferent pathway. The mechanism by which luminal lipid acts to release CCK or activate vagal afferent nerve terminals is unclear. The role of chylomicron formation in this sensory transduction pathway has been investigated using the hydrophobic surfactant Pluronic L-81 that inhibits chylomicron formation. Gastric emptying of liquids was measured in awake rats fitted with a Thomas gastric fistula and a duodenal cannula. Intestinal perfusion of lipid induced a dose-dependent inhibition of gastric emptying (6, 12, and 39% inhibition for 25, 50, and 100 mg lipid, respectively). Perfusion of lipid with Pluronic L-81 (2.8% wt/vol) reversed the lipid-induced inhibition of gastric emptying. Pluronic L-63, a chemically similar surfactant that has no effect on chylomicron formation, had no effect on lipid-induced inhibition of gastric emptying. Perfusion of the intestine with lipid (100 mg) increased plasma levels of CCK from 1.9 ± 0.8 to 6.5 ± 1 pM. This increase was blocked by Pluronic L-81 but unaffected by L-63. These results provide evidence that chylomicron formation is important in the signaling of lipid in the intestinal lumen to CCK endocrine cells and to producing feedback inhibition of gastric emptying.

Gastric emptying in rats: role of afferent neurons and cholecystokinin

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (4) ◽  
pp. G552-G556 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Forster ◽  
T. Green ◽  
M. Elliot ◽  
A. Bremner ◽  
G. J. Dockray
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Primary Afferents ◽  
Delay Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastric Fistula ◽  
Afferent Neurons ◽  
Cholecystokinin Antagonist ◽  
Reflex Pathways ◽  
Intragastric Acid

Peptone, acid, and hyperosmolal saline delay gastric emptying in conscious gastric fistula rats. We have now studied the emptying of these solutions in animals pretreated with capsaicin to lesion small diameter primary afferents and in rats with both a gastric and duodenal cannula. In capsaicin-treated rats, hyperosmolal saline did not significantly inhibit gastric emptying, whereas the inhibitory action of acid and peptone was reversed but not abolished. In control rats, the action of peptone was inhibited by the selective cholecystokinin antagonist L364,718, but in capsaicin-treated rats, L364,718 enhanced the action of peptone in delaying gastric emptying. In rats with a duodenal cannula approximately 5 cm from the pylorus, intragastric peptone or hyperosmolal solutions only delayed emptying when the duodenal cannula was closed; in contrast, intragastric acid inhibited gastric emptying when the duodenal cannula was open or closed. The results suggest 1) that all three test meals delay emptying by mechanisms depending at least in part on afferent neurons; 2) peptone delays emptying by at least two mechanisms: one is mediated by cholecystokinin A-type receptors and afferent neurons, and the other requires neither these receptors nor small diameter afferents; and 3) acid, but not peptone or hyperosmolal saline, regulates emptying by an action localized to the stomach or proximal duodenum. The results suggest that there are several different reflex pathways by which liquid test meals act to delay gastric emptying.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document