Improving the Use of Epidemiologic Data in Health Risk Assessment

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda S. Erdreich ◽  
Carol Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Data

Epidemiologic data with quantitative exposure measures is infrequently available for specific environmental agents. This lack of exposure measures creates confusion in interpreting epidemiologic data and therefore has impeded its efficient use in health risk analysis. This paper discusses screening and evaluating epidemiologic studies for use in assessing health risk. It also describes the larger role of epidemiology in reducing uncertainties in risk analysis. The approach recognizes that the various designs used to increase statistical power and to control for covariables have different functions in contemporary risk assessment as practiced by regulatory agencies. Each of these study designs is categorized for its role in risk analysis as useful for hazard identification or for dose-response assessment. Studies presenting geographic correlations are construed to be not directly useful in health risk assessment. The numerical level of the exposure data is a deciding factor in using valid epidemiologic studies. However, data measured on an ordinal scale can be used in qualitative assessments and can demonstrate the strength of the relationship. The application of this procedure is illustrated using epidemiologic studies on the carcinogenicity of chemicals contaminated with dioxins.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of Physical and Chemical Hazards in the Painting Area of a Manufacturing Company

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Aulia Indar Ayuningtyas ◽  
Sjahrul Meizar Nasri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Control ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Chemical Hazards ◽  
Manufacturing Company ◽  
Assessment Matrix ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Introduction: The work process of the Painting Area in a Manufacturing Company can pose a risk to physical and chemical health hazards for workers. Hazard analysis and identification, exposure assessment, and risk assessment  are, therefore, needed to protect the health of workers from these health hazards, which can later be used as a basis to determine appropriate controls so as not to have a negative impact on workers’ health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the hazards and their impacts on workers’ health through hazard identification measures, exposure assessments, risk assessments and control recommendations. Methods: Health Risk Assessment of physical and chemical hazards in the Painting Area was undertaken using a semi-quantitative method by calculating a risk assessment matrix using the guidelines from IPIECA & OGP in 2016. Results: Physical hazards were found in the form of lighting hazards, vibrations (arm vibration and whole body vibration), noise and heat pressure. Meanwhile, chemical hazards were found in the form of thinner vapor, solvent, NaNO3, H2SO4, NaOH, H3NSO4 and indoor air quality (CO, NO2, SO2, H2S). The results of the risk assessment matrix obtained 4 levels of risk hazards, consisting of 11.1% in the first priority, 50% in the second priority, 25.9% in the third priority and 12.9% in the condition that did not require immediate action. Conclusion: Physical and chemical health hazards were at 4 levels based on the calculation of risk control priorities. A hierarchy of risk control could be used to reduce the risk of health hazards.Keywords: health risk assessment, ipieca & ogp 2016, painting area, risk assessment matrix

scholarly journals Public Health Risk Assessment Due to Air Pollution in the Temir District of the Aktobe Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 481-487
Author(s):  
Laura Sakebayeva ◽  
Valentina Sabyrakhmetova ◽  
Gulsim Karashova ◽  
Perizat Aitmaganbet ◽  
Kulyan Shayakhmetova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Public Health Risk

BACKGROUND: This article focuses on the health risk assessment associated with air pollution for the population of the Temir district in the Aktobe region. The risk assessment of the effects of air pollution on public health revealed a tendency to deterioration in the health indicators of the children’s population. AIM: The research object was the population of the Temir district living near the oil and gas field Zhanazhol. METHODS: The work was carried out according to the risk assessment methodology described in the manual R 2.1.10-1920-04. The maximum non-carcinogenic risk due to exposure to chemicals in the air basin of residential areas was established for children from 0 to 6 years of age in the Temir district. RESULTS: A high risk of respiratory, blood, and cardiovascular diseases was observed. Sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and carbon oxides contained in atmospheric air contribute to the risk of developing these diseases. The levels of carcinogenic risk to public health in the Temir district show that the maximum individual risk of oncological diseases is observed in the group of children. The risk of malignant neoplasms in adolescents is 1.2 times lower, in the male population – 1.4 times lower, on average, and in the female population – 1.3 times lower than in children. Public health risk analysis aims to select the best ways in a particular situation to eliminate or reduce risk associated with air pollution for the population. CONCLUSION: The methodology of a comprehensive health risk analysis is a promising and developing approach in the system of monitoring the quality of the human environment and assessing environmental hazards.

scholarly journals Contemporary challenges and ways to improve health risk assessment and management

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
V.N. Rakitskii ◽  
◽  
S.V. Kuz'min ◽  
S.L. Avaliani ◽  
T.A. Shashina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Exposure Estimation ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

We analyzed basic trends in improving risk assessment and management in Russia taking into account international experience; these trends arise from needs occurring in contemporary hygienic science and necessity to provide stronger resistance against new threats to population health. We substantiated specific tasks in development of health risk analysis mythology basing on preconditions for finding solutions to them in Russia; we also determined practical issues in its implementation that are the most vital and need solutions in the nearest future in order to eliminate adverse impacts on the environment and population health. The primary results are creation of a long-term strategy for the development of health risk analysis principles that takes into account the latest scientific data and is aimed at solving the following methodological and practical tasks: implementation of a systemic approach in estimating carcinogenic / non-carcinogenic risks; development of a unified approach to accomplishing toxicological «dose – response» examinations and interpreting their results which will take into account background morbidity and background dose burdens and determine susceptible population groups and behavioral models; threshold levels obtained via determining «benchmark» concentrations taking spontaneous background into account in order to determine new RfD and RfC and revise existing ones; use of micronvironmental approach in exposure estimation; use of risk assessment methodology in BAT parameters implementation for providing control over health safety after new approaches aimed at reducing emissions have been implemented in environmental protection. The necessity to improve approaches to health risk assessment and management and tasks solved within the process have been taken into account when the Branch scientific research program for 2021–2025 was developed by Rospotrebnadzor.

scholarly journals Contemporary challenges and ways to improve health risk assessment and management

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
V.N. Rakitskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Exposure Estimation ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

We analyzed basic trends in improving risk assessment and management in Russia taking into account international experience; these trends arise from needs occurring in contemporary hygienic science and necessity to provide stronger resistance against new threats to population health. We substantiated specific tasks in development of health risk analysis mythology basing on preconditions for finding solutions to them in Russia; we also determined practical issues in its implementation that are the most vital and need solutions in the nearest future in order to eliminate adverse impacts on the environment and population health. The primary results are creation of a long-term strategy for the development of health risk analysis principles that takes into account the latest scientific data and is aimed at solving the following methodological and practical tasks: implementation of a systemic approach in estimating carcinogenic / non-carcinogenic risks; development of a unified approach to accomplishing toxicological «dose – response» examinations and interpreting their results which will take into account background morbidity and background dose burdens and determine susceptible population groups and behavioral models; threshold levels obtained via determining «benchmark» concentrations taking spontaneous background into account in order to determine new RfD and RfC and revise existing ones; use of micronvironmental approach in exposure estimation; use of risk assessment methodology in BAT parameters implementation for providing control over health safety after new approaches aimed at reducing emissions have been implemented in environmental protection. The necessity to improve approaches to health risk assessment and management and tasks solved within the process have been taken into account when the Branch scientific research program for 2021–2025 was developed by Rospotrebnadzor.

Heavy metals exposure and health risk assessment of PM10 particles in indoor air in industrial area

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Yujin Oh ◽  
YoonDeok Han ◽  
Yunjae Kim ◽  
Sunghyeon Jung ◽  
Wonhee Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Metals Exposure

Human health risk assessment: application of the NORISC-HRA and ROME models at two test sites

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Quercia ◽  
A. Vecchio ◽  
M. Falconi ◽  
L. Togni ◽  
E. Wcislo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Human Health Risk Assessment
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document