scholarly journals The ‘Yellow Danger’? Global forces and global fears in the North Sea and beyond (1600–1950)

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-754
Author(s):  
Matthias van Rossum
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
The North ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Global Connections ◽  
The North Sea

Since direct shipping routes between Europe and Asia opened up at the end of the 15th century, the growing intercontinental and regional shipping connections resulted in increasing entanglements between European and Asian maritime labour markets. This article analyses the long term development of the connections between European and Asian maritime labour markets and its impact on socio-cultural (and labour) relations through three elements: first, the changing connections between European and Asian maritime labour markets; second, the changing nature of European and Asian maritime labour markets and its influence on the positions of sailors; and third, the changing relations between European and Asian sailors and its effects on the reactions and interactions in a globalising maritime labour market. It explores how these changing global connections shaped encounters between European and Asian sailors on (intercontinental) shipping in and from the North Sea region, and how it affected the positions and reactions of its workers.

scholarly journals Long-term series in ichthyoplankton: sole and sprat at French coast of the North Sea from 1975 to 1994

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Woehrling ◽  
Geneviève Le Fèvre-Lehoërff
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

The history and future of the North Sea benthos

1978 ◽  
Vol 76 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
P. E. P. Norton
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Bottom Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Tertiary ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Temperature Depth

SynopsisThis is a brief review intended to supply bases for prediction of future changes in the North Sea Benthos. It surveys long-term changes which are affecting the benthos. Any prediction must take into account change in temperature, depth, bottom type, tidal patterns, current patterns and zoogeography of the sea and the history of these is briefly touched on from late Tertiary times up to the present. From a prediction of changes in the benthos, certain information concerning the pelagic and planktonic biota could also be derived.

scholarly journals Warm-water decapods and the trophic amplification of climate in the North Sea

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lindley ◽  
G. Beaugrand ◽  
C. Luczak ◽  
J.-M. Dewarumez ◽  
R. R. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
Southern North Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Ecosystem Shift ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Water Species

A long-term time series of plankton and benthic records in the North Sea indicates an increase in decapods and a decline in their prey species that include bivalves and flatfish recruits. Here, we show that in the southern North Sea the proportion of decapods to bivalves doubled following a temperature-driven, abrupt ecosystem shift during the 1980s. Analysis of decapod larvae in the plankton reveals a greater presence and spatial extent of warm-water species where the increase in decapods is greatest. These changes paralleled the arrival of new species such as the warm-water swimming crab Polybius henslowii now found in the southern North Sea. We suggest that climate-induced changes among North Sea decapods have played an important role in the trophic amplification of a climate signal and in the development of the new North Sea dynamic regime.

scholarly journals Comparing conceptual frameworks for a fish community MSY (FCMSY) using management strategy evaluation—an example from the North Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B Thorpe ◽  
José A A De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Parameter Uncertainties ◽  
Management Strategy Evaluation ◽  
The North ◽  
Strategy Evaluation ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is a well-established concept that is mandated by legislation, and has a clear theoretical meaning in terms of a single stock. However, its definition is problematic in a multispecies setting, which makes it more difficult to apply the MSY principle. In this study of the North Sea fish community, we consider several possible MSY candidates, and evaluate them in terms of their ability to produce optimum long-term yield whilst avoiding unacceptable risk of stock impairment. We perform this evaluation with an ensemble of size-structured models using a management strategy evaluation approach, in which harvest control rules (HCRs) are used to determine levels of fishing as a function of the proposed MSY target and stock status, taking account of recruitment and model parameter uncertainties. We find that HCRs of the type considered here are always useful in the scenarios we tested, as they reduce overfishing risk much more than average long-term yield. This is independent of the precise form of the HCR, so it is more important to implement one rigorously than obsess over the rule details. For a lax definition of overfishing, which accepts relatively severe stock depletion (B < 10% B0), and using HCRs, risks are “low” across all strategies, and the Nash equilibrium is the best performing MSY approach considered here. For more stringent definitions of “at risk” (e.g. likelihood of B < 20% of B0), the application of HCRs can allow a range of alternative formulations of MSY. Thus, the definition of MSY may be sensitive to judgements about acceptable levels of risk, and consistent application of a sensible management framework may be more important than developing the best possible theoretical definition of MSY.

Long-term dynamics of fouling communities found on offshore installations in the North Sea

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Whomersley ◽  
G.B. Picken
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Fouling Communities ◽  
The North ◽  
Offshore Installations ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Northern North Sea ◽  
Fouling Organisms

Inspection videos of four offshore platforms in the central and northern North Sea were used to study the development of fouling communities on clamps and guides of oil export risers over an 11-y period (1989–2000). Results from multivariate analyses (multi-dimensional scaling and analysis of similarities) indicated that distinct assemblages developed in different geographical locations. These differences were mainly due to the protracted development of theMetridium senile(Cnidaria: Actinaria) zone on the northern sector platforms. The vertical zonation of fouling organisms was similar on all installations, although the water depth at platform locations varied from 80 to 169 m, indicating that fouling organisms display a wide bathymetric tolerance. This study has highlighted the value of long-term data present in operational inspection videos for the study of fouling communities.

Long-term variability in North Sea zooplankton off the Northumberland coast: productivity of small copepods and analysis of trophic interactions

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Roff ◽  
Ken Middlebrook ◽  
Frank Evans
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Mean ◽  
June July

All groups of meso- and macro-zooplankton in the North Sea off Northumberland, at a depth of 53 m, were studied during a 15-year period (1969–83); copepod productivity was estimated from biomass and growth rates. Phytoplankton were seasonally bi-modal with peaks in April and August–October; copepods were uni-modal peaking in June–July. The predatory zooplankters: larval fish, decapods, ctenophores, medusae (the summer-autumn predators) peaked between May and September, while chaetognaths and euphausiids (the winter predators) peaked in December–January. Copepods and the summer-autumn predators were seasonally and inter-annually positively correlated, and declined in abundance from 1974 to 1980. Euphausiids and chaetognaths on the contrary increased in abundance during these years, and were seasonally and inter-annually negatively correlated to the copepods. The mean annual abundance of copepods was positively related to the previous winter's minimum, and inversely related to the abundance of chaetognaths and euphausiids. Annual copepod productivity averaged 1260 kJ m-2 year-1, and showed no relationship to other groups of plankton.

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